Lesson 6
Healthy lifestyle
4. Listening and writing: Athletes Speak Out
7 . Writing and speaking: Healthy Lifestyles Secrets
8. Listening and writing: smoking
1. The Importance of exercise
There are many reasons why we can find it hard to start exercising - our everyday lives require less physical activity than in our grandparents' day, we rely on cars to get around and spend hours sitting in front of computers.
The excuses
The pressures of home and family life can also mean it feels as if there's little time left to fit in exercise. It's certainly tough to get started.
So, it's worth thinking about what you gain from regular exercise and making even a partial improvement to your fitness.
- Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease- in other words, if you don't exercise you dramatically increase your risk of dying from a heart attack
- Conversely, exercise means a healthier heart because it reduces several cardiovascular risks, including high blood pressure
- Being physically active can strengthen good mental health and help you to manage stress, anxiety and even depression
- Regular exercise as you age keeps you strong, mobile and less dependent on others
- Regular exercise can help you achieve and maintain an ideal weight, which can be important in managing many health conditions, or may just make you feel happier about your appearance
- All exercise helps strengthen bones and muscles to some degree, but weight-bearing exercise, such as running, is especially good in promoting bone density and protecting against osteoporosis, which affects men as well as women
- Different exercises help with all sorts of health troubles, such as digestion, poor posture and sleeplessness, and physical activity can be beneficial for a range of medical conditions, from diabetes to lower back pain.
Don't be a statistic
There are lots of positive reasons for getting fitter, including meeting new people, discovering new interests and generally feeling better, but if you need to be scared into doing more exercise, consider the following:
- While in 2007, the Government-commissioned Foresight report predicted that if no action was taken, 60 per cent of men, 50 per cent of women and 25 per cent of children would be obese by 2050, the actual figures are rising ahead of the forecast rate.
- Between 1993 and 2018, there has been a marked increase in the proportion of people who were obese, reaching 24 per cent of men and 25 per cent of women in 2008.
- The picture is just as worrying for youngsters - obesity rates were 17 per cent in 2018 among boys, and 15 per cent in 2018 among girls. By 2020, it's predicted 22 per cent of girls and 19 per cent of boys between the ages of two and 15 will be obese, with girls under 11 at particular risk.
- Obesity is responsible for 9,000 premature deaths a year in this country, and is a major contributory factor to heart disease.
- Coronary heart disease (CHD) is still the leading cause of death in the UK, accounting for about a fifth of all deaths, according to the Office for National Statistics.
- About a third of deaths caused by CHD are among people aged under 75.
Are these sentences true (T) of false (F)? (Verdadero se escribe con T) Justify your answer by copying the exact words in the text
____1. The way we live makes us do more exercise than in the old times
____2 It is very easy to start doing exercise
___ 3 Exercise helps your mental and emotional life
___ 4 In 2018, nearly one out of four people were obese
___ 5 Girls will tend to be more obese than boys in 2020
Writing:
What are, in your opinion, the most important advantages to do exercise?
2. Dialogue: sports
Work with your partner: you are going to decide which sport you are going to take up. You have different ideas.
3. Grammar
Relative clauses
Type 1
A clause is a part of a sentence. A relative clause tells us which person or thing (or what kind of person or thing) the speaker means:
The woman who lives next door ... ('who lives next door' tells us which woman)
People who live in London ... ('who live in London' tells us what kind of people)
We use who in a relative clause when we are talking about people (not things). We use who instead of he/she/they. You can also use that or which (instead of who):
The man that lives next door is very friendly.
Whose
We use whose in relative clauses instead of his/her/their:
We saw some people whose car had broken down
Just Go with It: Whose - Adjective Clauses
You can get the video here
Adapted from http://moviesegmentstoassessgrammargoals.blogspot.com.es/search/label/relative%20clauses
I. Watch the movie segment. Match the sentences to write adjective clauses with whose.
1) There is a band. Their players are Hawaiian.
There is a band whose players are Hawaiian.
2) Devlin has sexy body. Her flower is orange.
3) The shortest contestant is Katherine. Her skirt is yellow.
4) The audience was thrilled. Their two choices for finalists were excellent.
5) The winner is the new Hula Girl. Her prize is just the applause of the audience.
6) Devlin and her boyfriend lost the competition. Their ball fell first.
Make one sentence from two. Use who/that/which/whose
1. A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital.
The girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital
2. A man answered the phone. He told me you were away. The man
3. A waitress served us.She was very impolite and impatient.
4. A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.
5. Some people were rrested. They have now been released.
6. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour.
7. I don’t like the people. They are staying with the Browns
8. I like books. They make you think about things
9. I’m looking for the person. I’ve just hit their car.
10. Most of the books are still popular today. I read them as a child.
11. You can buy the pasta from that shop. It has just opened in the high street.
12. The woman is coming back to work soon. I’m doing her job.
13. Is she the new television presenter? Everyone’s talking about her.
14. People have very little money to spend on leisure. They have a lot of leisure time
15. Is Technico the company? Sarah works for them.
16. This is the job. I’ve always wanted it.
17. The swimming pool is only open to the public in the mornings. I use it.
18. We’ve just bought a computer package. It teaches you how to play the piano
19. My favourite holiday was that one. We spent it in a cottage in the mountains
Type 2
My brother Jim, _who lives in London_, is a doctor.
Colin told me about his new job, _which he's enjoying very much._
We stayed at the Grand Hotel, _which Ann recommended to us._
In these examples, the relative clauses do not tell you which person or thing the speaker means. We already know which thing or person is meant: 'My brother Jim', 'Colin's new job' and 'the Grand Hotel'. The relative clauses in these sentences give us extra information about the person or thing.
We use commas (,) in these clauses:
* My brother Jim, _who lives in London_, is a doctor. (extra information about Jim)
You cannot use that:
* John, who (not 'that') speaks French and Italian, works as a tourist guide.
Rewrite these sentences putting the relative clause in its correct place
1.- Complete the following non-defining relative clauses using who or which:
a) Robert’s parents, .......... are retired now, live in Spain.
b) Sydney, ............. has a population of more than 3 million, is Australian’s largest city.
c) Peter’s sister, ............ goes to school with me, is a very nice person.
d) My uncle John, ........... lives in London, is coming to visit me next week.
e) I saw the film 'Casablanca', ...................... won an Oscar in 1942.
2. - Combine the following sentences using relative pronouns.
a) Al Gore gave a long and boring speech. He won the Nobel Prize.
b) Starbucks wants to open new stores in China. It does business all over the world.
c) Social network sites will definitely change business. They are very popular.
d) Scientists are working with stem cells. Stem cells will revolutionize medicine.
e) Last week, Jim Taylor interviewed Sally Thomson. She is my neighbour.
f) Mr Brown has been invited to join our club. He enjoys going to the theatre.
g) Whiting House is an important local monument. It was built in 1856.
h) Bono signed autographs at Tower Records yesterday. He's a famous musician.
i) John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963. He was president of the USA.
j) The Queen will open a new hospital. It is in Jarvis Street.
All That We Share
You can get the video here
Adapted from http://film-english.com/2017/04/19/all-that-we-share/
It’s easy to put people in boxes.
There’s us. And there’s them. The high earners. And those just ____________ by. Those we trust. And those we try to avoid.
There’s the new Danes. And those who have always been here. The people from the countryside. And those who have never seen a ____________.
The religious. And the self-confident. There are those we share ____________ with. And those we don’t share ____________ with.
Welcome. I am going to ask you some questions today. Some might be a bit personal –but I hope you will answer them honestly.
Who in this room was the class clown? Who are stepparents?
And then ____________ there’s us. We who believe in life after death. We who have seen UFO’s. And all of us who love to dance. We who have been bullied. And we who have ____________ others.
And then there’s us, the ____________ ones, who have had sex this past week. We who are brokenhearted. We who are ____________ in love. We who feel lonely. We who are ____________.
And we who acknowledge the ____________ of others. We who have found the ____________ of life. And we who have saved lives. And then there’s all of us who just love Denmark. So maybe there’s more that brings us together than we think.
TV2Danmark. All that we share.
Speaking: Find three things you didn’t know you have in common with your partner. You can start by asking:
What was your favourite toy?
Apart from pizza, what is your favourite meal?
What is your favourite song/film/book…?
Who is your favourite actor, singer,... ?
Where would you like to go?
What is the best place that you have ever gone to?
...
The DNA journey
You can see the video here
Why are we cousins?What does it mean? Why is it important?
All you need is love
You can get the song here
Love, love, love
There's nothing you can do that can't be __________
There’s nothing you can ______________ that can't be sung
Nothing you can say but you can learn how to ______________ the game
It's easy
There's nothing you can __________that can't be made
No one you can save can't be __________
Nothing you can do but you can __________how to be you in time
It's easy
All you need is love
All you need is love
All you need is love, love
Love is all you need
There's nothing you can know that isn't __________
Nothing you can know that isn't __________
Nothing you can see that isn't _____________
Nowhere you can _____________where you're meant to be
Its __________
Love is all you need
All you need is love
Love is all you need
2. Make one sentence from two. Use the sentence in brackets to make a relative clause (Type 2). Sometimes the clause goes in the middle of the sentence, sometimes at the end. You will need to use who/ whose/which/where.
1. Ann is very friendly. (She lives next door.) _Ann, who lives next door, is very friendly._
2. We stayed at the Grand Hotel. (Ann recommended it to us.) _We stayed at the Grand Hotel____________
3. We went to Sandra's party. (We enjoyed it very much.) We went to Sandra's party ____________
4. I went to see the doctor. (He told me to rest for a few days.) ____________
5. John is one of my closest friends. (I have known him for a very long time.) John ____________
6. Sheila is away from home a lot. (Her job involves a lot of travelling.) ____________
7. The new stadium will be opened next month. (It can hold 90,000 people.) The ____________
8. We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. (It is only 30 miles away.) ____________
9. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland. (My brother lives there.) ____________
3. Read the information and complete the sentences. Use a relative clause. Sometimes the clause tells us which thing or person (Type 1); sometimes it only gives us extra information (Type 2). Use commas where necessary.
1. There's a woman living next door. She's a doctor.
The woman _who lives next door is a doctor._
2. I've got a brother called Jim. He lives in London. He's a doctor.
My brother Jim, _who lives in London, is a doctor._
3. There was a strike at the car factory. It lasted ten days. It is now over.
The strike at the car factory ____________
4. I was looking for a book this morning. I've found it now.
I've found ____________
5. London was once the largest city in the world, but the population is now falling.
The population of London ____________
6. A job was advertised. A lot of people applied for it. Few of them had the necessary qualifications. Few of ____________
7. Margaret has a son. She showed me a photograph of him. He's a policeman.
Margaret showed me ____________
Your song
You can get the video here
It's a little bit funny this _________________inside
I'm not one of those who can easily _________________
I don't have much _________________but boy if I did
I'd buy a big house where we _________________could live
If I _________________a sculptor, but then again, no
Or a man who makes potions in a _________________show
I know it's not much but it's the best I can do
My _________________is my song and this one's for you
And you can tell _________________this is your song
It _________________be quite simple but now that it's done
I hope you don't mind
I hope you don't mind that I put down in words
How _________________life is while you're in the world
I sat on the _________________and kicked off the moss
Well a few of the verses well they've got me quite cross
But the sun's been quite kind while I _________________this song
It's for people like you that keep it turned on
So excuse me forgetting but these things I do
You see I've _________________if they're green or they're blue
Anyway the thing is what I _________________mean
Yours are the _________________eyes I've ever seen
And you can tell everybody this is your song
It may be quite simple but now that it's done
I hope you don't mind
I hope you don't mind that I put down in words
How _________________life is while you're in the world
4. Listening and writing: Athletes Speak Out
You can get the audio here
You are going to hear five successful athletes talking. For questions 1-5, choose from the list (a-h) what each athlete says. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use.
a. I started the sport later than most people.
b. My talent was obvious from a very young age.
c. I felt my parents didn’t care about my career.
d. I was different from the other people I practised with.
e My coach stopped me from doing what I love most.
f. I wish my parents had given me more support.
g. I wish I had a more active social life.
h. It took me a while to do well at my sport.
Speaker 1 ......
Speaker 2 ......
Speaker 3 ......
Speaker 4 ......
Speaker 5 ......
Writing: Would you like to be a professional sportsman or woman? What would you have to do? What would the advantages be?
5. Connectors
1.Fill in the blanks with a suitable linker
1................................. their parents opposition, Tom and Ann decided to get married.
2.We’ll leave the note on the table............................he can see it.
3...................................... I have a great respect for him, I don ́t particularly like him.
4.Tim isn ́t suitable for the job. He ́s too old. ...................................., he isn ́t interested.
5................................. there are no more questions to discuss, we can finish the meeting.
6. Brian is leaving the company .................. .................. his age.
7. The sweater was .................. big .................... I couldn’t wear it.
8.He worked for the same company all his life ................................... he retired.
9. Linkers are quite difficult to learn. ............................., they are worth studying.
10.The temperature in Saudi Arabia can reach 50º C. ....................... , a lot of business is done early in the day.
11.I failed the exam precisely ................................ I didn ́t have time to study.
12.John, ........................... you speak French, I wondered if I could ask you some words.
13.Nora eats green vegetables .................................... they are good for her health.
14.It was ............................ wonderful view ............................... we were left speechless.
15................ the teacher was out of the class, some pupils wrote a message on the board.
16.There ́s time to get a sandwich from the cafeteria...................... the next class begins.
17.The president was very unpopular. .........., .his resignation did not come as a surprise.
18.Tim has to go to the dentist ................................. an infected tooth.
19.I didn’t tell you............................... make you angry.
20.It was ................................good cake .......I couldn’t help eating it.
21.I ́ll look after the children ........................... you are making dinner.
22.She walked carefully................................ the streets were covered in ice.
23................................... he lost a lot of blood, he is in stable condition.
24.She went to the supermarket .....................buy an ice -cream.
25.I understand your point of view. ........................, I don ́t agree with it.
26.You know what is in the letter, ........................ I won ́t read it to you.
27.He raised his voice .....................he could be heard.
28........................we are here, let’s enjoy ourselves.
29.The rent for the building was reasonable. ..........................., the location was perfect.
30.He sat down ...................he would have a rest.
2.Rewrite the following sentences using the conjunctions in brackets.
1. Since Bill had lived in Spain for six years, he spoke Spanish fluently. (so)
2.I am sick and tired of people phoning me during my favourite TV programme. (while)
3. I don ́t know Helen very much. Nevertheless, I like her. (in spite of )
4.The weather was very hot, so we all felt tired. (because)
5If you don’t want to wake up the baby, speak softly. (so as to)
6.We are old but we enjoy life. (despite)
7.The game was so easy that even a child could play it. (such)
8.They opened the window because they didn’t want the smoke to go in the kitchen. (so that)
9.He speaks Chineseand he can also read it. (furthermore)
10.I‘m going to do more sport because I want to lose some weight. (in order to)
11.I worked hard although I didn ́t get the results I expected. (nevertheless)
12.It’s such a fantastic story that I can’t believe it. (so)
13.They acted quickly because they wanted to avoid confusion. (so that)
14.You seem to know so much about it. For this reason, I would like to hear your version of the incident. (as)
15.You may not feel like doing it but you should visit your aunt. (however)
16.Let’s take a taxi. I want to arrive in time. (so that)
17. The paintings were so beautiful that I went to the museum twice. (such)
18.The T-shirts were so cheap that we bought quite a lot. (such)
19.Tom is such a bad player that nobody wants him in their team. (so)
20.Sara is so intelligent that everybody asks for her advice. (such)
6. Junk food discussion
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=op_pSh4dCRY
You can get the video here
The increase of junk food is directly associated with the increase in obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, certain cancers, tooth decay, and other diseases. According to some studies, fast food is said to increase the level of insulin in the body. Therefore, a person carries a high risk of type 2 diabetes.
Mothers who eat junk food while pregnant or breast-feeding have children who are prone to obesity throughout life. The children are also more prone to diabetes, raised cholesterol, and high blood fat
This Is Why You Shouldn't Eat Happy Meals -- Six Months of a Happy Meal's Eternal Life
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FoFpsUvaJlE
You can get the video here
STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B)
How often do you eat junk food?
What is it about junk food that is so bad for us?
Are parents who feed junk food to their children irresponsible?
Do you think there’ll be more or less junk food in the future?
What junk food do you really, really like?
STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A)
Do lots of people eat junk food in your country?
What do you think of people who eat mostly junk food?
Why does junk food cost so much?
Is chocolate the most addictive junk food?
Does junk food or good quality healthy food make you happier?
7 . Writing and speaking: Healthy Lifestyles Secrets http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJbvllx8UfQ&feature=related
You can get the video here
Describe the first situation using these words:
Doctor hospital patient prescription exercise female
Describe the second situation using these words:
Shopping centre healthy appearance skin colour make-up
Describe the third situation using these words:
Sadness kill himself relief get over
Writing:
- Apart from doing exercise, what can you do to live a healthy life?
8. Listening and writing: smoking
You can get the audio here
In this radio conversation between Dave, a radio programme presenter, Anna, a listener, and Mick, a doctor, you are going to hear some new words. Read and listen to them. Make sure you know what they mean.
Give up = dejar (de fumar, por ejemplo)
Left out = marginado
Grown-up = maduro
Ban = prohibir
Advertising = publicidad
Decrease = disminuir
Here is the beginning of the interview.
Dave: You’re listening to Style UK and this is Dave Moody. And now we move on to the topic: “Smoking and young people”. I have with me Mick, the studio doctor, and on the line is Anna, one of our listeners, who’s recently managed to give up the habit. Mick, Anna welcome to the programme.
Now, read the questions carefully. After that, you are ready to listen
Questions
1
- 1Giving up smoking is difficult because there is no nicotine in cigarettes.
- Giving up smoking is not so difficult because of the nicotine.
- Giving up smoking is hard because of the presence of nicotine.
2
- Anna started smoking because she was left outside her friend’s house.
- Anna started smoking because her friends invited her to smoke.
- Anna started smoking because she didn’t want to feel left out by her friends.
3
- Anna smoked because she didn’t feel shy.
- Anna smoked because it made her feel more grown – up and confident.
- Anna smoked two packets a day before she even knew it.
4
- Tobacco companies have made cigarettes the symbol of maturity.
- Tobacco companies have made cigarettes the symbol of shyness.
- Tobacco companies know that smoking means uncomfortable feelings.
5
- Governments say that smoking is something we have to learn to live with.
- Mick says that governments should ban cigarette advertising.
- Mick says that governments should allow cigarette advertising only in some sports.
6
- If you have smoked for a long time the risks of being ill will decrease.
- If you give up smoking the risks of being ill will never decrease.
- If you give up smoking the risks of being ill begin to decrease.
7
- If you give up smoking the risk of lung cancer disappears after five years.
- If you give up smoking the risk of lung cancer is only half after five years.
- If you give up smoking the risk of lung cancer is only half after fifteen years.
8
- Anna gave up smoking very slowly, little by little.
- Anna told her family she was going to give up smoking.
- Anna made up her mind and began to smoke again.
9
- Dave didn’t give up smoking because it is unpleasant for the first couple of weeks
- Dave didn’t give up smoking because of the problem of addiction to nicotine.
- Dave didn’t give up smoking because he saves his money
10
- People find that when they give up smoking they eat more.
- People find that if they don’t give up smoking they eat more and more.
- People find that if they don’t smoke they worry too much.
Now, watch this video
Writing: Can anybody tell us why smoking isn’t stupid?
Write as short paragraph about smoking: your attitude towards tobacco, your habits, your ideas, etc.
Speaking Break
Student A
Student B
9. Writing Practice
- Choose the correct connector.
1. So that / In order to become a journalist, you have to be very determined.
2. Since / So she is a journalist, she interviews many interesting people.
3. This morning there was a terrible accident on the motorway. As a result, / Although the traffic jams
were extremely long.
4. The thief succeeded in hiding from the police for a week. Also / Finally, they found him sleeping on the beach.
5. Two thousand homes were destroyed by the fire. Next / Furthermore, many water pipes and gas pipes
were damaged.
6. Many celebrities complain about the paparazzi; however, / because they enjoy being the centre of attention.
2. These sentences are taken from different newspaper reports. Write where they belong: O (in the opening), B (in the body) or C (in the closing).
.... 1. The fire started as a result of a car crash inside the petrol station and it quickly spread to the nearby
shopping centre, which was packed with Christmas shoppers.
.... 2. Ten paintings were stolen from a gallery on Oak Street yesterday afternoon.
.... 3. A 20-year-old man from Sydney, Australia was arrested for robbery yesterday.
.... 4. Inspector Jack Singer summed up the police findings: “No shark attack has been reported to us and
we are presently checking how Mr Flint was injured.”
.... 5. As a result, a new law regarding the minimum distance between a petrol station and a shopping centre
is being proposed.
.... 6. Ms Roberts told reporters that she saw a tall man entering the building, not a short woman.
10 Pau July 2013
11. Modern family 6
00:00:20,080 --> 00:00:22,147
I was supposed to keep a journal all summer. It's due today.
00:02:45,191 --> 00:02:46,492
A little help here?
00:04:21,654 --> 00:04:23,655
Breakfast for dinner last week -- my idea.
00:06:45,374 --> 00:06:46,674
No, what I'm saying...
00:07:05,728 --> 00:07:09,197
He's always surprising me with little presents, Fun getaways.
00:07:59,315 --> 00:08:01,816
I listen with my mind, and if you pay attention,
00:13:44,376 --> 00:13:47,044
Babies are designed to survive new parents.
00:14:12,183 --> 00:14:13,951
I support Manny no matter what.
00:15:54,853 --> 00:15:56,553
I'm actually jealous of you.
00:18:35,947 --> 00:18:38,015
But after seeing that t-shirt, I realized something.
.
00:19:22,460 --> 00:19:26,363
Did I lose the race to make him feel better?
Maybe.
But it just seemed like he could use a win today.