INCIDENT, INJURY, TRAUMA & ILLNESS POLICY
The health and safety of all staff, children, families and visitors to our Out of School Hours Care (OSHC) Service is of the utmost importance. We aim to reduce the likelihood of incidents, illness, accidents and trauma through implementing comprehensive risk management, effective hygiene practices and the ongoing professional development of all staff to respond quickly and effectively to any incident or accident.
We acknowledge that in education and care services, illness and disease can spread easily from one child to another, even when implementing the recommended hygiene and infection control practices. Our OSHC Service aims to minimise illnesses by adhering to all recommended guidelines from relevant government authorities regarding the prevention of infectious diseases and adhere to exclusion periods recommended by public health units.
When groups of children play together and are in new surroundings accidents and illnesses may occur. Our OSHC Service is committed to effectively manage our physical environment to allow children to experience challenging situations whilst preventing serious injuries.
NATIONAL QUALITY STANDARD (NQS)
QUALITY AREA 2: CHILDREN’S HEALTH AND SAFETY | ||
2.1.2 | Health practices and procedures | Effective illness and injury management and hygiene practices are promoted and implemented. |
2.2 | Safety | Each child is protected. |
2.2.1 | Supervision | At all times, reasonable precautions and adequate supervision ensure children are protected from harm and hazard. |
2.2.2 | Incident and emergency management | Plans to effectively manage incidents and emergencies are developed in consultation with relevant authorities, practiced and implemented. |
2.2.3 | Child Protection | Management, educators and staff are aware of their roles and responsibilities to identify and respond to every child at risk of abuse or neglect. |
EDUCATION AND CARE SERVICES NATIONAL LAW AND REGULATIONS | |
Sec.165 | Offence to inadequately supervise children |
Sec. 174(2)(a) | Prescribed information to be notified to Regulatory Authority |
Sec.176(2)(a) | Time to notify certain information to Regulatory Authority |
86 | Notification to parents of incident, injury, trauma and illness |
87 | Incident, injury, trauma and illness record |
88 | Infectious diseases |
89 | First aid kits |
93 | Administration of medication |
95 | Procedure for administration of medication |
97 | Emergency and evacuation procedures |
103 | Premises, furniture and equipment to be safe, clean and in good repair |
104 | Fencing |
117 | Glass |
161 | Authorisations to be kept in enrolment record |
162 | Health information to be kept in enrolment record |
168 | Education and care Service must have policies and procedures |
170 | Policies and procedures to be followed |
171 | Policies and procedures to be kept available |
177 | Prescribed enrolment and other documents to be kept by approved provider |
183 | Storage of records and other documents |
RELATED POLICIES
Administration of First Aid Policy Administration of Medication Policy Anaphylaxis Management Policy Asthma Management Policy Child Safe Environment Policy Dealing with Infectious Disease Policy Delivery of children to, and collection from ECE Premises Policy Diabetes Management Policy Enrolment Policy | Family Communication Policy Handwashing Policy Health and Safety Policy Immunisation Policy Medical Conditions Policy Privacy and Confidentiality Policy Record Keeping and Retention Policy Safe Transportation Policy Epilepsy Policy Work Health and Safety Policy |
PURPOSE
Our Service has a duty of care to respond to and manage illnesses, accidents, incidents, and trauma that may occur at the Service to ensure the safety and wellbeing of children, educators and visitors. This policy will guide educators and staff to manage illness and prevent injury and the spread of infectious diseases and provide guidance of the required action to be taken in the event of an incident, injury, trauma or illness occurring when a child is educated and cared for.
SCOPE
This policy applies to children, families, staff, educators, the approved provider, nominated supervisor, management, students, volunteers and visitors of the OSHC Service.
IMPLEMENTATION
Under the Education and Care Services National Regulations, an approved provider must ensure that policies and procedures are in place for incident, injury, trauma and illness and take reasonable steps to ensure policies and procedures are followed. (ACECQA, 2021). In the event of an incident, injury, trauma or illness, all staff will implement the guidelines set out in this policy to adhere to National Law and Regulations and inform the regulatory authority as required.
Our OSHC Service implements risk management planning to identify any possible risks and hazards to our learning environment and practices. Where possible, we have eliminated or minimised these risks as is reasonably practicable.
Our OSHC Service implements procedures as stated in the Staying healthy: Preventing infectious diseases in early childhood education and care services (Fifth Edition) developed by the Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council as part of our day-to-day operation of the Service.
We are guided by explicit decisions regarding exclusion periods and notification of any infectious disease by the Australian Government- Department of Health and local Public Health Units in our jurisdiction under the Public Health Act.
INJURY, INCIDENT OR TRAUMA
In the event of any child, educator, staff, volunteer or visitor having an accident at the OSHC Service, an educator who has a First Aid Certificate will attend to the person immediately. Adequate supervision will be provided to all children attending the Service.
Any workplace incident, injury or trauma will be investigated, and records kept as per WHS legislation and guidelines.
All staff and educators are required to follow the procedures outlined in our First Aid Policy and First Aid Procedure.
DEFINITION OF SERIOUS INCIDENT
Regulations require the Approved Provider or Nominated Supervisor to notify Regulatory Authorities within 24 hours of any serious incident at the OSHC Service through the NQA IT System
A serious incident (Reg. 12) is defined as any of the following:
a) The death of a child:
(i) while being educated and cared for by an OSHC Service or
(ii) following an incident while being educated and cared for by an OSHC Service.
(b) Any incident involving serious injury or trauma to, or illness of, a child while being educated and cared for by an OSHC Service, which:
(i) a reasonable person would consider required urgent medical attention from a registered medical practitioner or
(ii) for which the child attended, or ought reasonably to have attended, a hospital. For example: whooping cough, broken limb and anaphylaxis reaction
(c) Any incident or emergency where the attendance of emergency services at the OSHC Service premises was sought, or ought reasonably to have been sought (eg: severe asthma attack, seizure or anaphylaxis)
(d) Any circumstance where a child being educated and cared for by an OSHC Service
(i) appears to be missing or cannot be accounted for or
(ii) appears to have been taken or removed from the OSHC Service premises in a manner that contravenes these regulations or
(iii) is mistakenly locked in or locked out of the OSHC Service premises or any part of the premises.
A serious incident should be documented as an incident, injury, trauma and illness record as soon as possible and within 24 hours of the incident, with any evidence attached.
INCIDENT, INJURY, TRAUMA AND ILLNESS RECORD
An Incident, Injury, Trauma and Illness record contains details of any incident, injury, trauma or illness that occurs while the child is being educated and cared for at the OSHC Service. The record will include:
Educators are required to complete documentation of any incident, injury or trauma that occurs when a child is being educated and cared for by the OSHC Service. This includes recording incidences of biting, scratching, dental or mouth injury. Due to Confidentiality and Privacy laws, only the name of the child injured will be recorded on the Incident, Injury, Trauma or Illness Record. Any other child/ren involved in the incident will not have their names recorded. If other children are injured or hurt, separate records will be completed for each child involved in the incident. Parents/Authorised Nominee must acknowledge the details contained in the record, sign and date the record on arrival to collect their child. All Incident, Injury, Trauma and Illness Records must be kept until the child is 25 years of age. (See: Record Keeping and Retention Policy).
MISSING OR UNACCOUNTED FOR CHILD
At all times, reasonable precautions and adequate supervision is provided to ensure children are protected from harm or hazards. However, if a child appears to be missing or unaccounted for, removed from the OSHC Service premises that breaches the National Regulations or is mistakenly locked in or locked out of any part of the Service, a serious incident notification must be made to the regulatory authority.
A child may only leave the OSHC Service in the care of a parent, an authorised nominee named in the child’s enrolment record or a person authorised by a parent or authorised nominee or because the child requires medical, hospital or ambulance care or other emergency.
Educators muct ensure that
For After School Care, educators will check that all children booked in for a session of care arrives at the expected time. If a child does not arrive at the OSHC Service or nominated collection point, at the expected time educators will follow procedures outlined in the Delivery of children to, and collection from ECE Premises Policy.
Educators will regularly cross-check the attendance record to ensure all children signed into the OSHC Service are accounted for. Should an incident occur where a child is missing from the OSHC Service educators and the nominated supervisor will:
If a child is missing during or following transportation the Missing Child During Regular Transportation Procedure is to be followed. The approved provider is responsible for notifying the Regulatory Authority of a serious incident within 24 hours of the incident occurring.
HEAD INJURIES
It is common for children to bump their heads during everyday play, however it if difficult to determine whether the injury is serious or not. Therefore, any knock to the head is considered a head injury and should be assessed by a doctor. In the event of any head injury, the First Aid officer will assess the child, administer any urgent First Aid and notify parents/guardians to collect their child.
Emergency services will be contacted immediately on 000 if the child:
(See: Head Injury Guide and Procedure)
TRAUMA
Trauma is defined as the impact of an event or a series of events during which a child feels helpless and pushed beyond their ability to cope. There are a range of different events that might be traumatic to a child, including accidents, injuries, serious illness, natural disasters (bush fires), assault, and threats of violence, domestic violence, neglect or abuse and wars or terrorist attacks. Parental or cultural trauma can also have a traumatising effect on children. This definition firmly places trauma into a developmental context:
“Trauma changes the way children understand their world, the people in it and where they belong” (Australian Childhood Foundation, 2010).
Trauma can disrupt the relationships a child has with their parents, educators and staff who care for them. It can transform children’s language skills, physical and social development and the ability to manage their emotions and behaviour.
Behavioural responses for pre-school aged children and young children who have experiences trauma may include:
Children who have experienced traumatic events often need help to adjust to the way they are feeling. When parents, educators and staff take the time to listen, talk, and play they may find children begin to say or show how they are feeling. Providing children with time and space lets them know you are available and care about them.
It is important for educators to be patient when dealing with a child who has experienced a traumatic event. It may take time to understand how to respond to a child’s needs and new behaviours before parents, educators and staff are able to work out the best ways to support a child. It is imperative to realise that a child’s behaviour may be a response to the traumatic event rather than just ‘naughty’ or ‘difficult’ behaviour.
EDUCATORS CAN ASSIST CHILDREN DEALING WITH TRAUMA BY:
There are a number of ways for parents, educators and staff to reduce their own stress and maintain awareness, so they continue to be effective when offering support to children who have experienced traumatic events.
STRATEGIES TO ASSIST FAMILIES, EDUCATORS AND STAFF TO COPE WITH CHILDREN’S STRESS OR TRAUMA MAY INCLUDE:
Living or working with traumatised children can be demanding so it is important to be aware of your own responses and seek support from management when required.
ILLNESS MANAGEMENT
To reduce the transmission of infectious illness, our OSHC Service implements effective hygiene and infection control routines and procedures as per the Staying healthy: Preventing infectious diseases in early childhood education and care services guidelines. If a child is unwell or displaying symptoms of a cold or flu virus, parents are requested to keep the child away from the OSHC Service. Infectious illnesses can be spread quickly from one person to another usually through respiratory droplets or from a child or person touching their own mouth or nose and then touching an object or surface.
PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF ILLNESS
Practising effective hygiene helps to minimise the risk of cross infection within our OSHC Service.
Educators model good hygiene practices and remind children to cough or sneeze into their elbow or use a disposable tissue and wash their hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds after touching their mouth, eyes or nose.
Handwashing techniques are practised by all educators and children routinely using soap and water before and after eating and when using the toilet and drying hands thoroughly with paper towel. (See Handwashing Policy).
All surfaces including bedding (pillows, mat, cushion) used by a child who is unwell, will be cleaned with soap and water and then disinfected.
Parents, families and visitors are requested to wash their hands upon arrival and departure at the Service or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. (Note: alcohol-based sanitizers must be kept out of reach of children and used only with adult supervision.)
CHILDREN ARRIVING AT THE OSHC SERVICE WHO ARE UNWELL
Management will not accept a child into care if they:
IDENTIFYING SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ILLNESS
Educators and management are not doctors and are unable to diagnose an illness or infectious disease. To ensure the symptoms are not infectious and to minimise the spread of an infection, medical advice is required to ensure a safe and healthy environment.
Children who appear unwell at the OSHC Service will be closely monitored and if any symptoms described
below are noticed, or the child is not well enough to participate in normal activities, parents or an emergency contact person will be contacted to collect the child as soon as possible. A child who is displaying symptoms of a contagious illness (vomiting, diarrhoea) will be moved away from the rest of the group and supervised until he/she is collected by a parent or emergency contact person.
SYMPTOMS INDICATING ILLNESS MAY INCLUDE:
HIGH TEMPERATURES OR FEVERS
Children get fevers or temperatures for all kinds of reasons. Most fevers and the illnesses that cause them last only a few days. However sometimes a fever will last much longer and might be the sign of an underlying chronic or long-term illness or disease.
Recognised authorities suggest a child’s normal temperature will range between 36.0°C and 37.0°C, but this will often depend on the age of the child and the time of day.
Any child with a high fever or temperature reaching 38°C or higher will not be permitted to attend the OSHC Service until 24 hours after the temperature/fever has subsided.
WHEN A CHILD DEVELOPS A HIGH TEMPERATURE OR FEVER WHILST AT THE OSHC SERVICE
METHODS TO REDUCE A CHILD’S TEMPERATURE OR FEVER
DEALING WITH COLDS/FLU (RUNNY NOSE)
It is very difficult to distinguish between the symptoms of COVID-19, influenza and a cold. If any child, employee or visitor has any infectious or respiratory symptoms (such as sore throat, headache, fever, shortness of breath, muscle aches, cough or runny nose) they may be requested to either stay at home or self test using a Rapid antigen test (RAT). (See: Australian Government Identifying the symptoms )
Colds are the most common cause of illness in children and adults. There are more than 200 types of viruses
that can cause the common cold. Symptoms include a runny or blocked nose, sneezing and coughing, watery
eyes, headache, a mild sore throat, and possibly a slight fever. It is not unusual for children to have five or more colds a year, and children in education and care Services may have as many as 8–12 colds a year. As children get older, and as they are exposed to greater numbers of children, they get fewer colds each year because of increased immunity.
Management has the right to send children home if they appear unwell due to a cold or general illness. Children can become distressed and lethargic when unwell. Discharge coming from a child’s nose and coughing can lead to germs spreading to other children, educators, toys, and equipment.
Influenza is a highly contagious illness and can spread to others for 24 hours before symptoms start. To prevent the spread of influenza our Service encourages staff and children to be vaccinated once a year.
DIARRHOEA AND VOMITING (GASTROENTERITIS)
Gastroenteritis (or ‘gastro’) is a general term for an illness of the digestive system. Typical symptoms include abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, and vomiting. In many cases, it does not need treatment, and symptoms disappear in a few days. However, gastroenteritis can cause dehydration because of the large amount of fluid lost through vomiting and diarrhoea. Therefore, if a child does not receive enough fluids, he/she may require fluids intravenously.
If a child has diarrhoea and/or vomiting whilst at the OSHC Service, Management will notify parents or an emergency contact to collect the child immediately. In the event of an outbreak of viral gastroenteritis, management will contact the local Public Health Unit.
Public Health Unit- Local state and territory health departments
Management must document the number of cases, dates of onset, duration of symptoms. An outbreak is when two or more children or staff have a sudden onset of diarrhoea or vomiting in a 2-day period. (NSW Government- Health 2019) See: Illness or Infectious Disease Register)
Children that have had diarrhoea and/or vomiting will be asked to stay away from the OSHC Service for 48 hours after symptoms have ceased to reduce infection transmission as symptoms can reappear after 24 hours in many instances.
An Incident, Injury, Trauma and Illness record must be completed as per regulations. Notifications for serious illnesses must be lodged with the Regulatory Authority and Public Health Unit.
NOTIFYING FAMILIES AND EMERGENCY CONTACT- SICKNESS OR INFECTIOUS ILLNESS
THE APPROVED PROVIDER, NOMINATED SUPERVISORS, RESPONSIBLE PERSON, AND EDUCATORS WILL ENSURE:
FAMILIES WILL:
BREACH OF POLICY
Staff members or educators who fail to adhere to this policy may be in breach of their terms of employment and may face disciplinary action.
RESOURCES
Emerging Minds Community Trauma Toolkit
Fever in children- (health direct.gov.au)
Minimum periods for exclusion from childcare services
NSW Health Gastro Pack NSW Health
NSW Health Stopping the spread of childhood infections factsheet.
Staying Healthy: Preventing infectious diseases in early childhood education and care services
Time Out Keeping your child and other kids healthy! (Queensland Government)
Time Out Brochure Why do I need to keep my child at home?
CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT/REFLECTION
The Incident, Injury, Trauma and Illness Policy will be reviewed on an annual basis in conjunction with children, families, staff, educators and management.
CHILDCARE CENTRE DESKTOP- RELATED RESOURCES
Administration of Medication Form Administration of Paracetamol Record First Aid Checklist Hand Washing Procedure Head Injury Guide and Procedure | Illness Management Procedure Illness or Infectious Disease Register Incident, Injury, Trauma or Illness Record Missing Child During Regular Transportation Procedure Missing Child Procedure |
SOURCES
Australian Children’s Education & Care Quality Authority. (2014).
Australian Children’s Education & Care Quality Authority. (2023). Guide to the National Quality Framework.
Australian Children’s Education & Care Quality Authority (ACECQA). 20201. Policy and Procedure Guidelines. Incident, Injury, Trauma and Illness Guidelines.
Australian Childhood Foundation. (2010). Making space for learning: Trauma informed practice in schools: https://www.theactgroup.com.au/documents/makingspaceforlearning-traumainschools.pdf
Australian Government Department of Education. My Time, Our Place- Framework for School Age Care in Australia.V2.0, 2022
Australian Government Department of Health Health Topics https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics
BeYou (2020) Bushfires response https://beyou.edu.au/bushfires-response
Early Childhood Australia Code of Ethics. (2016).
Education and Care Services National Law Act 2010. (Amended 2023).
Education and Care Services National Regulations. (Amended 2023).
Health Direct https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/
National Health and Medical Research Council. (2012). Staying healthy: Preventing infectious diseases in early childhood education and care services. Fifth Edition (updated 2013).
NSW Government. Department of Education. Managing COVID cases. https://education.nsw.gov.au/early-childhood-education/coronavirus/managing-covid-cases
Raising Children Network: https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/fever
Revised National Quality Standard. (2018).
SafeWork Australia: First Aid
The Sydney Children’s Hospitals network (2020). Fever
Western Australian Education and Care Services National Regulations