Healthy Fruit, Vol. 26, No. 14, July 3, 2018
Jon Clements, Author (unless otherwise noted) and Editor
Contents
Current degree day accumulations
Current degree day accumulations
UMass Cold Spring Orchard, Belchertown, MA | 2-July |
Base 43 BE (NEWA) | 1569 |
Base 50 BE (NEWA) | 1017 |
Note: this will be the last degree-day accumulation report for 2018
Upcoming pest events
Coming events | Degree days | Meaning? |
Apple maggot 1st catch | 1226 to 1690 | Baited yellow sticky or red spheres should be out to monitor |
Apple maggot 1st oviposition punctures | 1605 to 2157 | Early varieties susceptible to injury, particularly Gravenstein, Ginger Gold, and a bit later Honeycrisp |
Codling moth 1st flight subsides | 1276 to 1834 | Probably too late for effective control of hatching eggs from 1st generation, but maybe not? |
Codling moth 2nd flight start | 1583 to 2230 | Pheromone traps should be refreshed with pheromone and new sticky bottoms to monitor effectively for 2nd generation |
Dogwood borer peak catch | 1434 to 1864 | Lorsban trunk sprays, weed/debris-free trunks, no plastic mouse guards |
Lesser appleworm 2nd flight start | 1002 to 1538 | Is this a problem in MA orchards? Likely not because of PF sprays for PC? |
Lesser peachtree borer flight peak | 853 to 1767 | Mating disruption should be deployed |
Oblique-banded leafroller 1st fight subsides | 1630 to 2048 | Time for Altacor, Delegate or similar if indicated, to target hatching larvae |
Oriental fruit moth 2nd flight peak | 1454 to 1951 | Hang pheromone traps or replace pheromone to monitor flight |
Peachtree borer flight peak | 1028 to 2004 | If used, mating disruption should be in place; alternately, trunk directed sprays of Lorsban... |
Redbanded leafroller 2nd flight peak | 1529 to 1975 | Ideally, monitor situation with pheromone traps, but verdict still out how much a problem this pest is in MA orchards? |
Spotted tentiform leafminer 2nd flight peak | 1388 to 1783 | Would not be a bad idea to hang pheromone traps to see where you stand? |
Spotted tentiform leafminer 2nd generation tissue feeding mines | 1378 to 2035 | Start scouting for mines |
Ag-Radar summary
Key insect life cycle and management dates
Note: for 2018, we have ten Massachusetts orchard locations subscribed to AR: Amherst, Belchertown (2 locations), Brookfield, Deerfield, Easthampton, Groton, Leominster, Northboro, and Westhampton. The website for looking at AgRadar for these locations is: http://extension.umaine.edu/ipm/ag-radar-apple-sites/. What follows is the AgRadar summary for the Belchertown location.
Apple Maggot Fly (AMF) -- Rough guess of date first apple maggot flies are caught on traps is: Saturday, June 30. Rough guess of peak AM trap captures is: August 3, Friday. Estimated dates for first and peak trap capture are only general guidelines because the effect of rain on soil conditions is not included in the calculation.
Dogwood Borer (DB) -- First dogwood borer egg hatch roughly: June 22. Peak hatch roughly: July 26.
Codling Moth (CM) -- Codling moth development as of July 3: 1st generation adult emergence at 100% and 1st generation egg hatch at 95%. Insecticide targeted against plum curculio and apple maggot may also prevent codling moth damage. If targeted codling moth control is needed, key management dates are (have passed). 2nd generation 7% CM egg hatch: July 26, Thursday, = target date for first spray where multiple sprays needed to control 2nd generation CM.
European Red Mite (ERM) -- Optimum monitoring period for 3rd ERM generation is: Wednesday, June 20 (nymphs hatched) to Friday, June 29 (egglaying starts for 4th generation).
Lesser Appleworm (LAW) -- 2nd LAW flight begins around: July 9, Monday
ObliqueBanded Leafroller (OBLR) -- 1st generation OBLR flight begins around June 7, Thursday. Where waiting to sample late instar OBLR larvae is not an option (= where OBLR is known to be a problem, and will be managed with insecticide against young larvae): Early egg hatch and optimum date for initial application of B.t., Delegate, Proclaim, Intrepid, Rimon, Altacor, Belt, pyrethroid or other insecticide effective against OBLR (with follow-up applications as needed): June 22, Friday. Where waiting to sample late instar OBLR larvae to determine need for treatment is an option, or to check on results from earlier sprays: Optimum sample date for late instar summer generation OBLR larvae: July 1, Sunday. If first OBLR late instar larvae sample is below threshold, date for confirmation follow-up: July 4, Wednesday.
Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM) -- 2nd generation OFM flight begins around: June 28, Thursday. 2nd generation - first treatment date, if needed: July 4, Wednesday. 2nd generation - second treatment date, if needed: July 15, Sunday.
Redbanded Leafroller (RBLR) -- 2nd RBLR flight begins around June 28, Thursday. Peak catch and approximate start of egg hatch: July 9.
Spotted Tentiform Leafminer (STLM) -- 2nd STLM flight begins around: June 16, Saturday. Rough guess of when 2nd generation sap-feeding mines begin showing: July 3, Tuesday. Optimum first sample date for 2nd generation STLM sapfeeding mines is July 9, Monday.
Preliminary McIntosh Harvest Date Forecasts -- Date to apply ReTain to delay first harvest for apples which without treatment would be ready for storage harvest on September 6 is from Thursday August 9 to August 16. Date to apply ReTain to delay maturity for 2nd, 3rd or 4th pick of those apples, without delaying start of harvest maturity, is from Thursday, August 23 to August 30. Begin measuring actual McIntosh starch-iodine index no later than Saturday, August 18. The Michigan formula estimates that non-spur McIntosh will reach starch index 4.0 and start the optimum harvest window for long term storage on Thursday, September 6. Using the Champlain Valley NY formula from Cornell Bulletin 221 ‘Predicting Harvest Date Windows for Apples,’ McIntosh maturity is forecast to reach starch index 6.0 in Belchertown-ColdSpring MA on Saturday, September 15. (Yup, we are already talking about harvest.)
Upcoming meetings
TUESDAY, July 10, 2018. Massachusetts Fruit Growers’ Association Annual Summer Meeting, UMass Cold Spring Orchard, 391 Sabin Street, Belchertown, MA. 10 AM to 3 PM. For more information, and to pre-register: http://massfruitgrowers.org/2018/2018summermeeting.html
INTERNATIONAL FRUIT TREE ASSOCIATION Summer Tour, July 22-25, 2018, Coast Capri Hotel, Kelowna, British Columbia. For more information and to register: https://www.ifruittree.org/
The way I see it
Jon Clements
Program information and pre-registration is here for the Massachusetts Fruit Growers’ Association Annual Summer Meeting in Belchertown on July 10. We have invited Dr. Srdjan Acimovic and Dr. Poliana Francescatto from Cornell! Between them and Dr. Jaime Pinero here at UMass we have diseases, insects, and horticulture well covered! Should be a great day, hope you plan on coming. You can sign-up any day now and pay for lunch/attendance using a credit card! Please don’t wait until the last minute so we can have the right amount of lunch here to fee you! Oh, the other big news, SWD has made it’s presence known. More on that below from Dr. Pinero. PLEASE pre-register for meeting before Friday, I don’t think you want to miss this one...
Insects
Jaime Pinero
Apple maggot and European cherry fruit fly
Apple Maggot. The first adult apple maggot fly of the season was spotted resting on an apple fruit this past week. It’s time to set up monitoring traps! Some research involving use of the apple fruit-based lures and attracticidal spheres will be conducted this summer at the UMass Cold Spring Orchard and in a few collaborating orchards. Research will be expanded to include more orchards next year.
European Cherry Fruit Fly (Rhagoletis cerasi) Quarantine. The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi, is a highly destructive pest of cherries in Europe and Asia. In 2016, R. cerasi was detected in Ontario, Canada, and in 2017 in New York State, the first records of this pest in North America. The initial detections in Canada caused concern for the major cherry-growing states of Michigan, Washington, Oregon, and California in the United States.
This fly is not the Western Cherry Fruit Fly, Rhagoletis indifferens, which is native to North America and has been found in the Pacific Northwest states since the 1940’s.
Effective June 7, 2018, The USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has established a quarantine area in a portion of Niagara County for European cherry fruit fly, already considered the most serious pest of sweet cherries in Europe. The quarantine covers about 92 square miles in an area where the European cherry fruit fly was found in traps last September and October. Officials fear U.S. cherry growers could be hit by reduced access to foreign markets and lower prices if the pest becomes established in the U.S. Additional trapping surveys are underway to determine if the invasive fruit fly is present in other areas.
Do you have any suggestions for articles on arthropod IPM? Please let me know!
Contact info: jpinero@umass.edu; (413) 545-1031 (campus office); (808) 756-2019 (cell).
Diseases
See Guest article below, Mid-Season Tree Fruit Disease Update
Horticulture
Jon Clements
Frankly, it’s too darn hot to do much. But, we are: picking cherries, hand-thinning peaches, pruning rootsuckers and low-hanging branches (prior to spot herbicide application), cleaning out the cooler, cleaning up any remaining debris in orchard, and mowing. Also see Guest article below.
Hawkeye’s corner (notes from the field)
Liz Garofalo
Say what you will about this hot weather but, the mites and I are quite happy with it (I could live without the mites, of course)!
Two-spotted spider mites and European red mite (and egg).
Bronzing of apple foliage from European red mite feeding.
Sooty blotch and flyspeck don’t much care for the heat either. The optimum range for growth is 65℉ to 80℉. With this week’s average day time temperature hovering in the mid 90’s, growth and spread have been halted (one more reason ya can’t beat the heat!).
Don’t forget to check out Ag-Radar’s Honey Bee Activity Chart!
Guest article
Ed. note. Call me slacking off here, but, it’s two weeks until the next Healthy Fruit. And just out, are a bunch of very good articles/advice in PennState Extension Fruit Times. Please take some time at your leisure to check them out. (Over your favorite adult beverage?) JC
Orchard Nutrition: How Do You Know What Fertilizers You Need?
Mid-Season Tree Fruit Disease Update
Orchard IPM: Natural Enemies and Biological Control
Planting Sorghum Sudangrass Following Orchard Removal
Orchard Weed Control: Protect the Tree Trunks!
Useful links
UMass Fruit Advisor: http://umassfruit.com
Scaffolds Fruit Journal: http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/scafolds/
Network for Environment and Weather Applications (NEWA): http://newa.cornell.edu
Follow me on Twitter (http://twitter.com/jmcextman) and Facebook (http://www.facebook.com/jmcextman)
The next Healthy Fruit will be published on or about July 17, 2018. In the meantime, feel free to contact any of the UMass Fruit Team if you have any fruit-related production questions.
