811.111’373:811.161.2’373
Галина СОКОЛ
к. філол. н., доцент,
Івано-Франківський національний
технічний університет нафти і газу
Владислава ШУТКА
студнтка групи ФІЛ-22-2
Інститут гуманітарної підготовки
та державного управління
Івано-Франківський національний
технічний університет нафти і газу
LEXICAL LINGUISTIC MEANS OF EXPRESSING EMOTIVENESS IN ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN LITERARY WORKS (BASED ON THE FANTASY NOVELS THE SERPENT AND THE WINGS OF NIGHT BY CARISSA BROADBENT AND КЛИНОК КОРОЛЕВИ BY ANASTASIIA KOROSTIL)
The comparison of linguistic means of different languages makes it possible to identify both universal and specific ways of expressing concepts that reflect the cultural and emotional peculiarities of native speakers of a particular language. One of the important aspects of linguistic communication is the transmission of emotional coloring, which is largely realized through linguistic means, in particular lexical ones. A comparative analysis of lexical means of emotiveness in English and Ukrainian makes it possible to trace isomorphic and allomorphic features in the ways of expressing emotions, determined by typological, cultural, and linguistic characteristics.
A large number of scholarly works are devoted to the study of emotiveness and, in particular, to the analysis of the verbalization of emotions in a literary text. Among the researchers of this topic, it is worth mentioning L. Bielekhova, S. Hladyo, M. Hamziuk, T. Zabolotna, A. Martyniuk, N. Romanova, O. Selivanova, L. Soloshchuk, M. Stepaniuk, V. Chabanenko.
Emotions are a process of situational experience, a process that has a signaling and regulating function for the human organism [23, p. 61]. Depicting the interaction of characters with the surrounding world, the author’s task is, by means of the language of the literary work, not only to demonstrate their feelings but also to shape in the reader an emotional perception of events.
The common and distinctive features of lexical linguistic means of expressing emotiveness in the compared languages were demonstrated on the example of the novels “The Serpent and the Wings of Night” and “Клинок королеви” by contemporary writers Carissa Broadbent and Anastasiia Korostil. The genre of the selected books is fantasy, which is characterized by a large number and variety of lexical linguistic means through which the characters’ feelings and their changes are reflected, as well as the dynamics of their emotions and inner transformations.
As a result of the research, it was found that in the English text the predominant means of expressing emotiveness are emotionally colored verbs (I admired pretty things [1, p. 14]), which are divided into emotive, evaluative, and performative. Their share is 28%. The next most frequent means is the emotionally colored adjective (I was quiet [1, p. 10]), which in the English novel accounts for 26%, among which 6% are epithets (icy eyes [1, p. 11]). In the English text, the author often uses metaphor (a snarl of rage [1, p. 11]) – 14%, as well as personification (the wind carried secrets [1, p. 127]) – 4%. A significant share is taken by stylistically lowered vocabulary (you are an insolent brat [1, p. 85]) – 10%. A distinctive feature of the English text is the use of modal verbs (That answer shouldn’t have surprised me [1, p. 97]) and color vocabulary (pale with fear [1, p. 115]) to express emotiveness: 6% and 4%, respectively. The frequency of phraseological units, nouns, and interjections is insignificant.
In the Ukrainian text, the key lexical linguistic means of expressing emotiveness are emotionally colored verbs (вона не наважувалась увійти [2, p. 97]), which account for 41% of all linguistic means. The author also frequently uses adjectives (знудьгована дівиця [2, p. 97]) – 14%, and epithets (заспокійливий холод [2, p. 97]) – 6%. A significant share in the Ukrainian text is also represented by metaphors (розквітла щаслива усмішка [2, p. 97]) – 19%, of which 8% is personification (погляд Мейв посерйознішав [2, p. 97]). Phraseological units constitute 8% (їй вдалось врешті взяти гору [2, p. 97]). Stylistically lowered vocabulary, as well as emotionally colored nouns and interjections, are used only occasionally.
As a result of comparing the lexical linguistic means of expressing emotiveness in the analyzed works, we can conclude that isomorphism is revealed in the predominance of such means of expression as emotionally colored adjectives and verbs. However, when considering these means separately, allomorphism is revealed in the fact that the Ukrainian text contains a greater number of emotionally colored verbs, while the English one contains more adjectives. An isomorphic feature for both analyzed texts is the share of epithets – 6%. Common to both texts is also the frequent use of metaphors: 14% in the English text and 19% in the Ukrainian one. Allomorphism is clearly seen in the use of adverbs of degree and measure, which were not found in the Ukrainian text, as well as in vocabulary of limited usage, in particular stylistically lowered vocabulary. Among them, vulgarisms are the most common, and in the English text also colloquialisms and slang. In contrast, in the Ukrainian text a larger share is occupied by phraseological units – 8%, while in the English text – 3%.
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