Voting Restrictions for African-Americans

A. Poll Tax: Required people to pay a fee before voting

CITATION: “Poll-Tax Receipts and Certificate of Exemption from Poll Tax for Richard Niles Graham.” The Portal to Texas History, University of North Texas, 24 Mar. 2016, texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth712525/.

B. Literacy Test: Required people to read and explain difficult parts of the Constitution in order to vote.

Here is an example from Louisiana.

CITATION: “Louisiana Literacy Test, 1964”. Ferris State University.

C. Grandfather Clauses: Allowed illiterate or poor whites to vote if their fathers or grandfathers had voted before

CITATION: Voter registration card from Alamance county, N.C., 1902. From the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources / Office of Archives and History.