Organ – That can be donated
The human heart is about the size of a closed first. It is located behind the lower part of the breastbone, extending more to the left of the midline then to the right
In 1967 a human heart from one person was transplanted into the body of another. South African surgeon Christian Barnard performed the first such transplant; many surgeons soon adopted the procedure. However, most patients were dying soon after a transplant and the number of operations dropped from 100 in 1968 to 18 in 1970. The major problem was the body's natural tendency to reject tissues from another individual.
During the 1970's surgeons continued their work in transplant surgery and combined it with the use of drugs that suppressed the immune system, thus lengthening the survival rate. In 1980 a new experimental drug called cyclosporine became available for use by selected transplant surgeons. Combining cyclosporine with steroids and other drugs produced results that were amazing and in 1983 the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of cyclosporine with steroids for all transplant patients. Between 1980 and 1989 the number of transplant patients increased by a factor of 20.
In 2002 there were 2,154 heart transplants and 33 heart/lung transplants. During this time period 593 people died while waiting for a heart transplant.
Liver
The liver is the largest organ in your body and plays a vital role in regulating life processes. It is the only vital organ in the body capable of regenerating itself. The liver is located behind the lower ribs on the right side of your abdomen and weighs about 3 pounds and is roughly the size of a football.
Liver Transplants.
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A liver tranplant is the only treatment is the only for patients suffering from irreversible liver disease. The most common contions that lead to liver transplantation in adults are the virus (Hepatitis B and C) and/or alcohol and those caused by problems concerning the bile ducts (primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis). There are other causes of end- stage liver disease, but they are less frequent
In children biliary atresia, congenital failure of the bile ducts to deveop. This prohibits bile drainage from the liver and eventually results in liver failure. Chronic from the hepatitis There are different sources of donor livers. Usually the liver is obtained from a cadaveric donor (a person diagnosed as "brain dead" but whose other organs and systems are functioning properly). Due to a continuous shortage of donor livers and the high incidence of liver disease, the waiting time is increasing every year. Hundreds of people die each year while waiting for a cadaveric liver to be offered. Donor livers also can be obtained from a family member or a friend who donates a portion of his/her liver to the patient.
The pancreas is a small organ, approximately six inches long, located in the upper abdomen, and connected to the small intestine. The pancreas is essential to the digestive process in two ways: first it produces pancreatic endocrine hormones (e.g., insulin & glucagon) which help regulate many aspects of our metabolism and second it produces pancreatic digestive enzymes.
In 2002 there were 5,329 liver transplants performed. During that time period, 1,772 people died while waiting for a liver transplant.
The kidney is the body's filtering system. It takes out poisons and waste products from the blood, and produces urine to get rid of them. The kidneys are also important in maintaining a balance of fluid and salt and a normal degree of acidity. When disorders upset this delicate equilibrium, the kidneys act to restore balance by excreting more or less water, salt, and hydrogen ions.
The kidneys help maintain normal blood pressure.
If someone has serious kidney disease, he or she usually needs to have dialysis, which filters the blood through a machine outside the body. Or the person can have a kidney transplant.
Where will the donated kidney come from?
A person can live a normal life with only one kidney. A healthy person can give a kidney to another person. Most often the donor is a member of your family. Sometimes, someone who is not directly related to you may be a possible donor.
If you cannot get a kidney from a family member, your name may be placed on a waiting list to get a kidney from a cadaveric donor. Even though the donor has died, the kidneys are still healthy. The family of the person who has died donates the kidneys to give someone the "Gift of Life".
What happens during transplant surgery?
The transplant operation typically takes 3 to 4 hours. Most of the time your own kidneys stay in your body. An incision about 8 inches long is made in the lower abdomen. The blood vessels from the new kidney will be connected to your blood vessels. The ureter, the tube that carries urine from the new kidney is then connected to your bladder. The new kidney starts to produce urine immediately.
In 2002, there were 14,767 kidney transplants and 905 kidney-pancreas transplants performed. During that time period, 3,243 patients died waiting for a kidney transplant and 203 patients died waiting for a kidney-pancreas transplant.
The purpose of the digestive system is to break food down into usable components, and then get them to the parts of the body that need them. The small intestine is responsible for transfering all of the broken down carbohydrates, proteins and fats into the blood stream so that the body can use them for energy. The small intestine
Small intestine transplants are performed due to irreversible intestinal failure. Most intestinal failure is caused by short-gut syndrome ( a significant loss of length of the small intestine from birth; surgical removal or trauma). People with intestinal failure must receive nutrients intravenously.
Long-term intravenous feeding usually causes liver damage. Many people who require small intestine transplants also require liver transplants at the same time.
From January through December 2002, 108 intestinal transplants were performed, and 52 patients died waiting.
The human lungs, the organ of respiration, facilitate the transfer of air that is rich in oxygen to the tissuess, but also releases the carbon dioxide that is a waste product of human metabolism.
The need for lung transplantation occurs when a person suffers from lung disease such as cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension.
Successful lung transplantation was first performed in the early 1980s.
From January to December 2002, there were 1,042 lung transplants. During that