CHAL_20241120_Mid_Report (1).docx

Patient Name	AL CH
Patient ID	1023
Date Of Birth	Friday, January 1, 1999
Age at Test Date	25
Gender	Male
Handedness	Right
Ethnicity	Asian
Recordings Used	Eyes Closed, Eyes Open, ERP
Eyes Open Artifacted Data Used?	✘(*)
Eyes Closed Artifacted Data Used?	✘(*)
Montage Type	AverageReference

(*) Denotes whether artifacted data was used in Z-Scores, An ex (✘) means the original, unartifacted data was used, a checkmark (✔) means the recording was artifacted by the user in NF EEG using epoch selection and only this edited data portion was used in Z-Scores (Edited data must be longer than 1 minute to be reliable). Note that, other than the traditional Z-Scores, Absolute Powers, Relative Powers and Power ratios; the rest of the analysis always uses the whole recording and executes an automatic cleaning & analysis procedure.

Pre- and Mid- EEG Spectra

Key:

Blue – Nov 13, 2024
Red – Nov 20, 2024
Gray - Difference

Eyes Open

Eyes Open EEG Plot

Detections:

Possible HFO (High Frequency Oscillations 80-120 Hz):

[246-252]

[114-122]

[90-94]

[160-164]

[36-40]

[48-52]

[242-246]

[122-126]

[6-10]

[32-36]

[54-58]

[74-78]

[138-142]

[150-154]

[190-194]

[326-330]

[330-334]

Eyes Open Absolute Power Combined Spectrum

Eyes Closed

Eyes Closed EEG Plot

Detections:

Possible HFO (High Frequency Oscillations 80-120 Hz):

[228-232]

[550-554]

[64-68]

[68-72]

[74-80]

[232-236]

[288-292]

[486-490]

[366-370]

[490-494]

[536-540]

[546-550]

[88-92]

[140-144]

[174-178]

[198-202]

[202-206]

[272-276]

[276-280]

[300-304]

[458-464]

[524-528]

[572-576]

[18-22]

[22-26]

[26-30]

[46-50]

[80-84]

[92-96]

[114-118]

[144-148]

[214-218]

[218-222]

[222-226]

[304-308]

[344-348]

[362-366]

[406-410]

[446-450]

[450-454]

[558-562]

[562-566]

Eyes Closed Absolute Power Combined Spectrum

ERP

Task Scheme: Oddball, 1000 ms
ERP recording has: Visual task(s). Visual task was used in the AI analysis.
Test Taking:
        Number of Trials: 801
        Correct: 800
        Missed / Late: 0
        Wrong: 1
Reaction Time:
        Average: 345 ms
        Std: 31 ms

ERP EEG Plot

Detections:

Possible HFO (High Frequency Oscillations 80-120 Hz):

[0-8]

[118-124]

[134-140]

[744-748]

[300-304]

ERP Combined Spectrum

Results - AI derived

Resting State

Posterior Dominant Rhythm (PDR) (Corcoran Method)

Posterior Dominant Rhythm (PDR) is calculated using the Corcoran method described in Corcoran et. al. (2018).^[1] The posterior dominant rhythm is considered to be processing speed and is a developmental marker. By age 10-15 years old the posterior dominant rhythm matures to 8-12 Hz. In seniority, it begins to decline by approximately 0.5 Hz per decade.

PDE (Eyes Closed and Eyes Open)


The above image of the client’s Posterior Dominant Rhythm (PDR) is calculated by comparing the Eyes Closed Recording to the Eyes Open Recording. The frequency tagged with the redline falls within the 6-14 Hz band. This image depicts the maximum power increase from Eyes Open to Eyes Closed. The highest Eyes Closed peak is reported as the Posterior Dominant Rhythm. Normally, PDR (Corcoran Method) and PDR (EC/EO) should provide similar results. Review above Power plot visually to verify the results.

Frontal Alpha Asymmetry

Alpha asymmetry is calculated by taking the difference of logarithmic power in the 8-12 Hz range between F3 and F4. An asymmetry of more than +2 dB or less than -2 dB is considered abnormal.

Visual Oddball ERP

Theta Phase Locking Between Frontal and Temporal Regions

PLV (Phase locking Value) represents the phase locking in theta during long-range cortical interactions between regions^[2], during a short-term memory test like oddball, cued Go/No-Go or Simple Go/No-Go ERP test Everyone has a specific theta frequency in which the maximum phase locking occurs during inter region communication. The above graph shows the PLV results of this Visual Oddball ERP test. The Frontal and Temporal region pairs on the Y-Axis are expected to have significant phase locking during this test. The values are presented as percentiles. A percentile of less than 50 represents a lower PLV compared to the population, and likewise, a percentile of more than 50 represents a higher PLV compared to the population. In this recording, the lowest phase locking (compared to the population), occurs between lateralorbitofrontal L and middletemporal L. This individual’s tuned task theta frequency is 6 Hz. The maximum PLV across regions occurs at this frequency.
Phase Amplitude Coupling within Region
lateralorbitofrontal L	middletemporal L

The figures above show details of the Event Related Spectral Potential, Event Related Potential Image Across Trials and Phase-Amplitude Coupling between Theta and Gamma for these two regions (the weakest theta phase locking pair). Look at the ERP Image across trials and see if it shows consistent responses (organized vertical strips). In the Phase Amplitude Coupling (PAC) graph, review the coupling between various theta and Gamma frequencies. If the overall picture shows coupling less than ~0.5; this represents low coupling.
To increase the Theta Phase locking between lateralorbitofrontal L and middletemporal L, place a splitter in the anode and cathode to create four electrodes per unit, and place them at F3 - F8 (for maximum stimulation at lateralorbitofrontal L) And C3 - T5 (for maximum stimulation at middletemporal L) and run a tACs which includes 6 Hz theta and corresponding Gamma (see below). To stimulate other pairs of regions, use the Stimulation Targeting Tool.

Vitals Summary

Vital	Result	Nominal Range
PDR (Corcoran)^[3]	9.71	[8, 12]
PDR (EC/EO)^[4]	10.00	[8, 12]
Alpha Asymmetry3	-0.77	[-1, 1]

Notes

Alzheimer's and FTD (Fronto-temporal dementia) scores were not calculated. Subject age at recording is less than 45 years old.

[1] Cocoran (2012). Toward a reliable, automated method of individual posterior (PDR) quantification. Psychophysiology, 55(7)

[2] 2019, Reinhart et.al, Working memory revived in older adults by synchronizing rhythmic brain circuits, Nature Neuroscience.

[3] PDR (Posterior Dominant Rhythm) and Alpha Asymmetry (between F3 and F4) are calculated using the EEGLAB EEGStats plugin.

[4] This PDR is calculated by comparing the Eyes Closed Recording to the Eyes Open Recording. The frequency within the 6-14 Hz band with the maximum increase in magnitude from Eyes Open to Eyes Closed is reported as the Alpha frequency.