Actual numbers of individuals can be counted if the birds are in small flocks which can be counted easily.
If the flocks are scattered or tightly packed, or at distant, or in flight; ‘Block counting’ method shall be adopted. This method involves counting or estimating a "block" of birds within a flock. Depending on the overall flock size a "block" can be 10, 20 or 50 birds. The "block" is then used as a model to measure the remainder of the flock. For example, in the figure given below the first square from left has 9 birds. So, 9×6 (total number of squares) = 54 and 4 birds are outside the squares and hence in total 58 birds.