Independent clause = can stand alone as a complete sentence because it expresses a complete thought.

Dependent clause = cannot stand alone as a sentence because it does not express a complete thought.

1. After I finished my dinner, I watched a movie.

IC : I watched a movie

DC : After I finished my dinner

2. Because it was raining, we decided to stay indoors.

IC : we decided to stay indoors. stay indoors.

DC : Because it was raining,

3. Sarah went to the store before she went home.

IC : before she went home,

DC : Sarah went to the store.

4. Although he was tired, he kept working on his project.

IC : he kept working on his project.

DC : Although he was tired.

5. When the bell rang, the students lined up to go to class.

IC : the students lined up to go to class.

DC : When the bell rang,

6. Since she didn't have any money, she couldn't buy the book.

IC : she couldn’t buy the book.

DC : Since she didn’t have any money,

7. Whenever I visit my grandparents, I enjoy their delicious cooking.

IC : I enjoy their delicious cooking.

DC : Whenever I visit my grandparents,

8. The cat meowed loudly, until someone fed it.

IC : until someone fed it.

DC : The cat meowed loudly,

9. As soon as the concert ended, the crowd applauded.

IC : the crowd applauded.

DC : As soon as the concert ended ,

10. Because he missed the bus, he arrived late to school.

IC : He arrived late to school.

DC : Because he missed the bus,