Asgardia

The Space Nation

A Constitution in Accordance With the Will of the People

(the "Skieswanne-Ghodrati Document")

This document was compiled by a community volunteer team comprised of the following members:

John Skieswanne, Canada

Fatemeh Ghodrati, Iran

John Skieswanne note:

The 18th of May, a constitution draft was posted on asgardia.space, a draft which received much criticism from the people. Therefore I humbly submit a new Constitutional Draft. This new draft is based upon the original, however I have brought extensive modifications in accordance with the suggestions of the people. It is my belief that this new draft represents the will of the people in the best of my abilities.

This Constitution Draft rejects the monarchical nature of the original Asgardia.space draft, and instead promotes a direct democracy, which is represented by the Parliament system, in such a way that the people's will is prioritised and is carried out by the Head of State. A government elected by the people, and which works for the people.

PREAMBLE:

We are the people of the world, and of the worlds to come[1]. Irrespective of our place of birth, current residence, language, gender, race, nationality, creed or citizenship of Worldly nations, we are using our free choice, will and conviction, in our desire to:

- unite humanity above any divisions, may it be ethnic, national, religious or otherwise; following morality, fairness, peace and the equal dignity of every human being, as an unified humankind which looks forwards to the future and into the infinite space of the Universe;

- launch a new era in the history of humanity in space;

- based on the Declaration of Unity of Asgardia as an integral part of this Constitution, we have founded Asgardia, the first Space Nation in human history, and we hereby adopt this Constitution of Asgardia.

CHAPTER 1. DECLARATION OF UNITY OF ASGARDIA

We, the people of the space nation Asgardia, freely declare the following to be true and core principles of our society and adopt them as our own: [2]

1. Asgardia is a free, unified and democratic space nation.

2. The main objectives of Asgardia are to:

a. Develop a prosperous space nation.

b. Ensure peaceful relationships in Space among all intelligent living forms.

c. Ensure the protection of planet Earth and humankind from threats from Space

d. Ensure equal opportunities in Space for all Asgardians living on the World(s), without any discrimination of any kind. [3]

3. Any person can become a citizen of Asgardia according to legal procedures in case they concur with and promise allegiance to the Asgardian Declaration of Unity, Constitution and legislation. [4]

4. All citizens of Asgardia are equal before law. All kinds of discrimination are forbidden.[5]

5. Asgardia respects sovereignty of Nations of the World(s) and declares to be legally bound by the International Declaration of Human Rights and ius gentium. Asgardia requests political recognition to the Nations of the World(s) as a sovereign space nation and a subject of international law. [6]

6. Asgardia does not and will not interfere and shall remain peaceful and neutral in the affairs of the Nations of the World(s), and Asgardia claims for a reciprocal behaviour from the Nations of the World(s). [7]

7. Asgardia, as a sovereign nation and a subject of international law, shall have the right to request to become a member or observer of United Nations and of any other international organizations. [8]

8. Asgardia respects the rights of citizens of Worldly Nations as defined by "ius gentium", the International Declaration of Human Rights and any international agreements in which Asgardia are part of, and protects the rights of its own citizens on the World(s) and their legal rights as citizens of Asgardia. [9]

9. Asgardia shall have a democratic form of government (of the people, for the people and by the people), with a parliamentary system with universal suffrage. Political parties will not be recognized by law. [10]

10. Asgardia is involved with and will protect the World(s) and humankind, however, as a space nation, Asgardia is not bound by geographical boundaries set on the World(s). To this end and within the laws of each Worldly Nation, Asgardian citizens can hold dual citizenship of Worldly Nations and are free to live within those Worldly Nations. [11]

11. Asgardia encourages progressive scientific research, thinking and international co-operation. Asgardia will never have any official religion. According to the International Declaration of Human Rights, Asgardian citizens are free to practice religion, sexuality, lifestyles and other personal choices which do not interfere with, judge, harm or proselytize others and do not violate any human rights. [12]

12. Asgardia is a new start and a new frontier, creating a new history for humankind. The World's history shall not be used as the basis for quarrels, disputes or differences among Asgardians. [13]

We, the people of Asgardia, will strive for the prosperity of our new space nation created by us; for the protection of our motherland - planet Earth; and development of the entire humankind in space. From science comes freedom; from freedom comes peace[38]. This Declaration is a primary document for the creation of ASGARDIA - the Space Nation. [14]

CHAPTER 2. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Name

Asgardia refers to the first space nation, as founded by the first Head of Nation Igor Ashurbeyli.

Article 2. Status

Asgardia is a Democratic Parliamentary System where the will of the people is obtained through referendums, represented by the Parliament, and enacted by the Head of Nation. [15]

Article 3. Mission

The mission of Asgardia is to provide humankind with the first permanent foothold in space and, ultimately, in the faraway worlds.

Article 4. Prime Values

1. The most fundamental concern of Asgardia is the Constitutional freedoms and rights of its citizens.

2. The next fundamental value of Agardia is the well-being, and state of peace, of its citizens (however in a conflict between Value 1 and Value 2, Value 1 takes precedence).

3. The last fundamental value of Asgardia is exploration and expansion into space and other worlds (however in a conflict between Value 3 and the other two values, the two other values take precedence). [46]

Article 5. Territories

Asgardia's territory is in constant evolution. Asgardia claims the right to expand its physical territories in accordance with the international laws and treaties to which Asgardia is compliant.

CHAPTER 3. CITIZENSHIP OF ASGARDIA

Article 6. Citizens of Asgardia

1. Any person can become an Asgardian citizen, provided that such a person is 16 years old or more, submits his/her digital personal data to Asgardia's Space Database, and agrees to Asgardia's Declaration of Unity and Constitution.

2. Space citizenship of Asgardia is a special type of citizenship and does not constitute dual or second citizenship for the purposes of Earth nation citizenship. A citizen of an Earth nation becoming a space citizen does not confer multiple citizenship status unless otherwise stipulated by an international treaty to which Asgardia is a party.

3. A child gains space citizenship of Asgardia at birth if at least one of the parents are citizens of Asgardia. A child born before the foundation of Asgardia may become a citizen on the request of his/her parent(s).

4. Space citizenship may be terminated by the Asgardian citizen waiving citizenship, or by Asgardia revoking or temporarily suspending citizenship (due to violation of the Constitution, for instance).

5. Citizenship is managed by the Ministry of Citizenship.

Article 7. Location of Citizens

1. Asgardian citizens have the right of free movement in Asgardian localities. They also hold the right to choose their location in Worldly nations, however they are responsible for complying with that particular nation's settlement, immigration or touristic laws.

2. An Asgardian citizen's permanent residence in Worldly nation does not deprive or diminish his/her rights or freedoms, does not suspend or terminate his/her Asgardian space citizenship and does not annul his/her obligations to Asgardia.

Article 8. Key Citizen Rights and Freedoms

1. All human and citizen rights and freedoms are recognised in Asgardia, in accordance with generally recognised international principles and norms, such as the United Nation's Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

2. Human rights and freedoms are inalienable and enjoyed by all persons from birth.

3. All Asgardian citizens are equal.

4. Key Citizen Rights and Freedoms include:

a. freedom of the individual and freedom of speech are inviolable;

b. the right to participate in managing the affairs of the Nation both directly and via representatives;

c. the right to elect and be elected/appointed to Asgardia's Nation bodies and participate in referenda;

d. the right to put forward legislative proposals;

e. the right to access to information about the activities of Nation bodies and supervise them;

f. the right to participate in exploration of space and universal access to scientific information about space;

g. the right to personal safety and the safety of the home;

h. the right to self-governance;

i. the right to own and inherit property;

j. the right to live;

k. the right to Privacy.

5. If the Nation infringes on the rights of an Asgardian citizen, he/she has the right to seek legal protection in court.

6. Asgardian citizens have the right to create associations and societies, provided that such a body's actions are not in violation of any of the rest of the Constitution.

7. Asgardian citizens have the right of peaceful and unarmed assembly, provided that such a group's actions are not in violation of any of the rest of the Constitution. [26]

8. The rights and freedom of any Asgardian citizens may not be restricted, except in the event that the citizen in question has been proven guilty of a serious crime (as defined in Article 18:5). [27]

Article 9. Key Asgardian's Obligations and Involvement

1. Asgardians (including members of the government) have obligations which arise from the moment they obtain Asgardian citizenship:

a. All Asgardians must comply with Asgardia's Constitution, and with the regulations effective on Asgardian territories. They are also required to respect Asgardia's prime values.

b. In Asgardian territories, Asgardians must refrain from willingly destroying nature as a whole and affecting the environment in an adverse manner. [28]

2. Asgardians are invited to involve themselves in Asgardia's progress. All Asgardians are invited (though not required by law) to:

a. participate in elections and referendums; [19]

b. donate financial support to the government of Asgardia; [16]

c. protect Asgardia's sovereignty, protect its security, and protect the prime values;

d. make a contribution to Asgardia's resources, to further the advancement of Asgardia and of its culture. [29]

CHAPTER 4. ASGARDIAN RESOURCES

Article 10. Human Resources

Asgardia offers support for its citizen's endeavours. All citizens shall have access to jobs, free distance learning, professional qualifications, scientific work, creative work, etc. at their convenience. However, being employed, engaging into studies, etc. are exercise of the citizen's free will and may not be made obligatory by Asgardia. [30]

Article 11. Natural Resources

Asgardia's natural resources constitutes of the environment in its territories, such as matter (minerals, water, oxygen, etc.) and energy (sunlight, heat, etc.). These are managed by the Ministry of Equity and Resources. The environment and materials owned by an Asgardian citizen, however, may not be exploited as resources by the Nation, unless such a permission is granted by the citizen.

Article 12. Financial Resources

1. There are two sources of finances. The National Bank, which issues and distributes the resource[31]; and the Asgardians, who use the resource to donate or pay. The arbitrary seizure of an Asgardian's private financial resources is prohibited.

2. Asgardia National Bank shall never become a private entity and must forever remain the financial arm of the Nation. [41]

3. The currency of Asgardia is a cryptocurrency, called the Asgardian Credit. [18]

4. The management of national financial resources, such as budget, is carried out by the Ministry of Finance.

5. Exploitation and increasing economic inequality will be considered as government failure.

6. International trade, export/import, and currency value relative to other nations are managed by the Ministry of Trade. [42]

Article 13. Scientific Resources

Asgardia encourages science and discoveries. For this reason, the Ministry of Science shall create Databanks which shall store the vast wealth of human knowledge, such as scientific discoveries, factsheets and theories[47]. The Ministry of Communication shall also create communication networks. Both of which shall be freely accessible to all citizens of Asgardia.

CHAPTER 5. GOVERNMENT BY THE PEOPLE AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

Article 14. Government by the People

1. Asgardian citizens are the source of Asgardia's powers.

2. The will of the people is obtained through referendums, referendums which may be initiated by any Asgardian (including government members). A motion referendum is considered valid as long as its author is of Asgardian citizenship, is over 16 years of age, and is not guilty of violating the Constitution.

3. A referendum vote is considered valid as long as the voter is of Asgardian citizenship, is over 16 years of age, and is not guilty of violating the Constitution.

4. A motion is considered "approved" if it receives the majority of votes in a referendum. More exactly, there must be more votes in favour than in opposition.

5. Those who do not vote are not taken into account in the referendum, only the ratio of the votes themselves are taken into account.

6. Normal referendums (excluding referendums about democratic election of members, which last three Asgardian months) may last ten days, and are carried out electronically. [43]

7. The results of the referendums are compiled by the Parliament, and sent to the Head of Nation.

8. The Head of Nation enacts the decisions reached by the referendums, and implements the motions using the appropriate Ministries, which are at his/her disposal.

9. The Council of Values is a group of citizens that observes the Parliament, the HoN and the Ministries, and ensures that the motion process is carried out in accordance with the Constitution and its values.

Article 15. Fairness

Asgardia recognises that every person has an inalienable right to fair treatment and facilitates the enjoyment of this right. No Asgardian (including the HoN, the ministers and the Parliament) is immune to justice. Justice is implemented by the Ministry of Justice.

Article 16. Equality and Dignity for All

Every person has the right to have their dignity recognised and protected. No grounds can be used to diminish human dignity. To this end, the Nation protects citizens who find themselves in a difficult position on Asgardian territory by providing them equal access to food, clothing, shelter and basic material and spiritual benefits. The government also seeks to reduce inequality of social conditions, and provide opportunities for Asgardian citizens, including citizens who are contingent on their country of residence. Social protection of citizens takes the form of social support and assistance to the needy and pensioners. The Nation supports the establishment of humanism, compassion and charity in social and economic systems.

CHAPTER 6. SECURITY IN ASGARDIA

Article 17. Security Areas

Asgardia seeks to protect its territories from natural damage (such as asteroids) and from eventual attacks. Asgardia may choose to extend its security to protect worldly nations, in accordance with the treaties to which Asgardia agrees to comply. [37]

Article 18. Security of Citizens

1. Asgardia defines the security of citizens as the ability of the Nation (and of the citizen) to overcome threats and minimise risks in the present and future.

2. All citizens may demand that Asgardia protect them from any slavery or servitude, physical or emotional violence and compulsion, any unlawful dependence and restrictions, and any unlawful obligations or subordination, in its territory.

3. Nation bodies and diplomatic representative bodies of Asgardia in Earth nations must use all peaceful means and measures to assist the provision of physical security of its citizens outside of Asgardia in accordance with Asgardia's Constitution and laws, generally recognised international principles and norms, international treaties, laws and rules of nations in which Asgardian citizens reside.

4. Asgardia prohibits any persecution of expression, provided that such expression does not constitute a violation of the Constitution (such as infringing on another citizen's rights), or promote the violation of the Constitution. [23]

5. Murder (violation of Article 8:4,j), abuse (violation of Article 8:4,h and/or Article 8:4,a) and grand theft (violation of Article 8:4,i) are considered serious crimes. The punishment for such Constitution violation is exile from Asgardia and loss of citizenship.

6. Asgardia guarantees the protection of citizen personal data.

Article 19. Security of Asgardia

1. The Security of Asgardia is managed by the Ministry of Security.

2. To perform this duty, the Ministry of Security is given the right of confidentiality over its operations, unless the actions of the Ministry of Security violate the Constitution. The Ministry of Security is however required to expose its operations and confidential informations to the HoN.

3. The Ministry of Security may form a security force in charge of protecting the physical territories of Asgardia. Asgardians may choose to join such a force, provided that such Asgardians are confirmed citizens of Asgardia, are 16 years old or more, and are not guilty of violating the Constitution. Asgardians shall not be forced to enroll in such a force. [45]

Article 20. Asgardia's Aerospace Fleet

Asgardia, through the Ministry of Security, shall maintain a fleet of aeronautical ships, whose design and nature will evolve with time[39]. In the event of a disaster or an attack, the HoN may assume, for ten days, direct command (issue motions and orders without referendums) of the Ministry of Security and of the fleet. After this period of time the HoN is required to initiate a referendum to let the people decide whether the HoN should enjoy further direct command, or whether the government may resume working as a full democracy.

CHAPTER 6. GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE AND ADMINISTRATION

Article 21. National Symbols

1. Asgardia's national symbols are

a. the national flag of Asgardia;

b. the national coat of arms of Asgardia;

c. the national anthem of Asgardia;

2. Asgardia's national symbols are chosen via a referendum and subsequently approved by Parliament and the Head of Nation.

3. Asgardia's national motto is "From science comes freedom - from freedom comes peace". [38][35]

Article 22. Language

Asgardia is striving for a single language in the future, the Asgadian language. However Asgardia respects the variety of languages of its citizens, as such a variety will form the source of the new, Asgardian language.

Article 23. Capital

1. The celestial capital of Asgardia, Celestial Asgard, is currently located on a near-Earth orbit satellite. The capital may subsequently be re-located on any other Asgardian territories.

2. Celestial Asgard is an information portal and the virtual location of Asgardia's national bodies, citizens and infrastructure. The capital is used for address purposes by Asgardia citizens, other persons, Earth nations and international organisations to contact Asgardian national bodies and officials.

3. Individual and collective enquiries by Asgardian citizens, other individuals and legal entities to Asgardian national bodies and officials must be sent electronically in a manner that allows the enquiring party to be identified and authenticated using the virtual resources of the capital of Asgardia.

4. The Earth capital of Asgardia, Earth Asgard, represents the Celestial Asgard's interests on Earth.

Article 24. Foreign Relations

1. Foreign relations are managed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the HoN. Asgardia seeks to establish peace and collaborations with Worldly nations, and to protect Asgardia from foreign attacks aimed at undermining Asgardia's Constitutional values.

2. Asgardia works to achieve international legal recognition of Asgardia, establish diplomatic relations with Worldly nations, open embassies and consulates in such nations, etc.

3. In resolving international disputes, Asgardia seeks to reach settlements under general, comprehensive and binding international arbitration proceedings.

Article 25. Government

1. Asgardia is governed by its citizens through referendums and the following national bodies:

a. the Parliament, which manages the referendums and conveys the will of the people to the Head of Nation.

b. the Head of Nation, who executes the motions reached by the people.

c. the 12 Ministries, which are under the command of the Head of Nation and which the HoN uses to implement the motions.

d. the Council of Values, which ensures that the Parliament, the HoN and the Ministries do not violate the Constitution.

2. In the event of divergence between the Government and the Constitution, the Council of Values shall run an investigation of the government sector, with the people as a jury. If sectors of the government are found guilty of an unconstitutional motion, the Council of Values may trigger, if given the people's approval, an election period to replace the guilty sectors, during which the citizens will be invited to submit or vote new candidates.

3. The Ministries must comply with the commands of the HoN, unless the HoN is found guilty of violating the Constitution. If the HoN is found guilty of violating the Constitution, the Ministries must comply with the Council of Values.

4. Once the replacement of governmental members is over, the Council of Values must replace its members with new members from the people and elected by the people. This is to prevent the Council from becoming a mafia.

Article 26. Legal System

1. The Constitution of Asgardia is the foundation of Asgardia's legal system. Asgardia's Constitution takes precedence over all other legal documents and is directly applicable.

2. Asgardia's legal acts include:

a. referendum decisions;

b. decrees of the Head of Nation;

c. acts of the Council of Values;

d. international treaties to which Asgardia is signatory;

e. laws;

f. acts of Parliament;

g. Government resolutions;

h. National audit office acts;

i. prosecution authority acts;

j. National Bank acts;

k. acts of ministries;

l. security service acts.

3. Asgardia's Constitution and legal acts apply throughout Asgardia's territory and to all Asgardian citizens irrespective of their location. In the event of differences between legal acts of the nation in which an Asgardian citizen is located and Asgardia's legal acts, and if such differences are not addressed by an international treaty to which Asgardia is a party, then the Asgardian citizen may operate on the basis of the acts of the nation in which he/she is located.

4. Laws and other legal acts adopted in Asgardia may not be counter to Asgardia's Constitution or distort its provisions in any other way. Laws and other legal acts that are counter to the Constitution shall be repealed and considered void.

5. International treaties executed by Asgardia may not be counter to its Constitution. Treaties executed by Asgardia become part of its legal system.

6. Asgardia recognises generally accepted international principles and norms, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Article 27. The Head of Nation

1. The Head of Nation is the most senior official of Asgardia, the Guarantor of the Constitution, who sets the main directions of domestic and foreign policy, and represents the Nation in the country and abroad.

2. When dealing with other heads of nations, Asgardia's Head of Nation may also be referred to as the President, or any similar synonyms available in the other party's language. [34]

3. The HoN enjoys the same Constitutional Rights as any other citizens. [20]

4. The Head of Nation issues decrees, which are mandatory for Asgardian citizens. These decrees must be motions which have received approval of the people, as reported by the Parliament[21]. The HoN's may only reject motions which are counter to the Constitution. A motion is not valid unless the HoN has formulated it into an official decree. [33]

5. The Head of Nation may execute the decrees through any of the 12 Ministries, which are under his direct command.

6. In the event of an attack or a disaster, the HoN may declare a state of emergency and make decisions without submitting them for approval through referendums. However this power is temporary, and limited by Article 20.

7. The Head of Nation has a term of five years, at the end of which the Parliament must initialise the election of a new Head of Nation. [36]

8. The Head of Nation has the right to resign. The HoN may also be removed from position in the event the HoN has:

a. been proven guilty of violating the Constitution,

b. passed away or been taken away,

c. reached a health issue where he/she cannot perform HoN duties anymore,

d. rejected referendum-validated motions which did not violate the Constitution. [24]

In any of those cases the Parliament must then initialise the election of a new Head of Nation.

9. Election of a new Head of Nation is initialised by the Parliament, and carried out democratically using a referendum which shall last three Asgardian months. Asgardians are then invited to apply their candidacy for the position, provided that the candidates are of official Asgardian citizenship, are more than 25 years old[17], and are not guilty of any violation of the Constitution. Discrimination of candidates based on any other criterions (such as social status, race, wealth, etc.) is prohibited. [25]

10. In the event Asgardia is without a HoN, the Council of Values may act as a surrogate until the new HoN is elected.

Article 28. The Council of Values

1. The Council of Values is a group of citizens that analyses the actions of the Parliament, the HoN and the Ministries, and which ensures that the actions are not in violation of the Constitution and of its values.

2. The Council of Values is made of 150 members, with five-years terms. The citizens may apply for candidacy, provided that the candidates are of official Asgardian citizenship, are more than 25 years old[17], and are not guilty of any violation of the Constitution. Government members are prohibited from joining the Council, to avoid conflict of interests. Citizens are invited to vote for their favourite candidates, provided that the voters are of official Asgardian citizenship, are more than 16 years old, and are not guilty of any violation of the Constitution. The 150 citizens which have received the most votes shall form the next Council once five years have passed (or in the event there is a situation involving Article 25:4).

3. Any member of the Council Values may resign, or be removed from position if such a member has been proven guilty of violating the Constitution, passed away or been taken away, or reached a health issue where he/she cannot perform Council duties anymore.

Article 29. The Parliament

1. Parliament comprises of 12 committees whose areas of responsibility correspond to those of the Government ministries.

2. The function of the Parliament is to follow the democratic concept in the most direct way possible. The committees of the Parliament are in charge of managing all the referendums initialised by the citizens and the government (including submitting referendums themselves), and reporting to the Head of Nation the motions which received the approval of the people. The Parliament exists to represent the people's will.

3. Parliament members have five-years terms.

4. Members of Parliament who have a private business must put it into trust management for the duration of their Government position to avoid a conflict of interest.

5. Any member of the Parliament may resign, or be removed from position if such a member has been proven guilty of violating the Constitution, passed away or been taken away, or reached a health issue where he/she cannot perform representative duties anymore.

6. In the event the term of a member is over, that the member has resigned, or that the member has been removed, the Parliament must initiate a period of election for a new member to be elected. Any Asgardians may apply for candidacy, provided that the candidates are of official Asgardian citizenship, are more than 25 years old, and are not guilty of any violation of the Constitution. Asgardians are invited to cast their votes, provided that the voters are of official Asgardian citizenship, are more than 16 years old, and are not guilty of any violation of the Constitution.

Article 30. The Ministries

1. The Ministries are the executive branches of the Head of Nation. There are twelve Ministries:

a. Ministry of Information and Communication; whose function is Ministry to publish all information created by the government on behalf of its citizens and to discourage secrecy in any form, to establish free and fair election protocols as allowed by the citizenry.

b. Ministry of Justice; whose function is to provide the citizenry with a fair and impartial review for those charged with crimes, to hold first that all before the courts are innocent unless proven guilty, to allow that the citizenry are the final jury and to accept the notion of 'nullification' regardless of what evidence may have been proven in open court.

c. Ministry of Science; whose function is to promote the expansion of human knowledge and public technologies, to cultivate new knowledge for consumption by our citizens through the ministry of education.

d. Ministry of Citizenship; whose function is to promote good citizenship amongst the population, to cultivate immigrants into the nation by becoming citizens.

e. Ministry of Foreign Affairs; whose function is to establish and maintain friendly relations with all nations, to represent Asgardia's national interests when and wherever necessary.

f. Ministry of Finance; whose function is to accept budgets from the ministries and set the general budget of the national account within its fiscal limitations of revenue and debt instruments as allowed by the citizenry, to set the 'coin of the realm'.

g. Ministry of Trade and Commerce; whose function is to promote free and fair trade.

h. Ministry of Youth and Education; whose function is to educate the nations next generations from the earliest possible days to the fulfillment of their best personal capacity.

i. Ministry of Safety and Security; whose function is to protect the citizenry from dangers both foreign and domestic, to provide preventative care and education on shipboard life and survival.

j. Ministry of Equity and Resources; whose function is to identify and utilise materials and energy which may help survival or augment quality of life, to part access to such resources in a fair and equal manner for all of Asgradia to benefit.

k. Ministry of Administrative Affairs; whose function is to deal with the mundane issues of the Nation, its personnel, and statistics.

l. The for-now untitled Ministry.

2. The powers of the Ministries as a whole includes:

a. implementing and defending the Constitution, implementing international treaties, laws, Head of Nation decrees and acts of the Council of Values;

b. developing and submitting draft bills to Parliament;

c. developing and submitting draft budgets to Parliament and ensuring their implementation in the event the draft is approved through referendum;

d. controlling implementation of Government resolutions and other acts of national executive bodies;

e. ensuring that national sovereignty is maintained and protected, ensuring national security and the security of its citizens;

f. granting and revoking space citizenship;

g. foreign relations;

h. managing the national debt;

i. organising a system for information support for national administration and statistical monitoring;

j. providing a scientific basis for the actions of the executive, developing administrative decisions, plans, forecasts and national development programmes, forecasting the consequences of planned decisions;

k. monitoring social processes and interacting with citizens;

l. controlling the work of national executive bodies;

m. ensuring the rule of law, protecting the rights and obligations of citizens and public order;

n. organising a system to train staff for the civil service;

o. other matters in accordance with the Constitution and the law of Asgardia, decrees of the Head of Nation and international obligations.

3. Ministers have five-years terms.

4. Members of the Ministries who have a private business must put it into trust management for the duration of their Government position to avoid a conflict of interest.

5. Any Ministers may resign, or be removed from position if such a minister has been proven guilty of violating the Constitution, passed away or been taken away, or reached a health issue where he/she cannot perform executive duties anymore.

6. In the event the term of a Minister is over, that the Minister has resigned, or that the Minister has been removed, the Parliament must initiate a period of election for a new Minister to be elected. Any Asgardians may apply for candidacy, provided that the candidates are of official Asgardian citizenship, are more than 25 years old, and are not guilty of any violation of the Constitution. Asgardians are invited to cast their votes, provided that the voters are of official Asgardian citizenship, are more than 16 years old, and are not guilty of any violation of the Constitution.

CHAPTER 7. ADOPTION AND AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION

Article 31. Adoption of the Constitution

Asgardia's Constitution is adopted by means of an electronic referendum.

Article 32. First Constitution

The first Constitution of Asgardia will be put to a referendum by Igor Ashurbeyli, the Head of Nation elected at a general election on 20/01/2017. The referendum on adopting the first Asgardian Constitution is open for voting to persons over the age of 18 who have submitted their personal data via the Internet and agree to the terms and conditions published on the https://asgardia.space website. These persons are considered Asgardian citizens on a preferential basis until the adoption of the law on space citizenship of Asgardia, and they will retain this status subsequently if desired.

Article 33. Quorum for Adoption of the Constitution

Asgardia’s Constitution is adopted if more than two-thirds of the total number of Asgardian citizens voted in favour at the time of the vote. [22]

Article 34. Amendment of the Constitution

Asgardia’s Constitution may be amended. Motions for Amending the Constitution may be proposed by any Asgardian[32], provided that the author is of official Asgardian citizenship, is more than 16 years old, and is not guilty of any violation of the Constitution. To be valid, the proposed amendment Motion must receive approval through a referendum. This article itself is however immune to amendments, removal or modifications. Amending, removing or modifying this article is a direct violation of the Constitution. [44]

CHAPTER 8. EXCEPTIONAL PROVISION

Article 35. Splinter Nation Provisions [40]

Space is a dangerous environment, therefore conflicts, such as difference of ideals, must be resolved peacefully. To this end, a group of people may request independence from Asgardia and recognition as a separate nation by Asgardia, provided that such motion is supported by majority in a referendum, that the group has been in existence for over five years, that the author of the request is Asgardian and over 16 years of age, and that the group signs a treaty of nonaggression with Asgardia. The splinter nation must also generate its own, new constitution.

CHAPTER 9. TEMPORARY PROVISIONS

Article 36. Special rights of the Head of Nation before the election of Parliament and formation of the Government of Asgardia

In the absence of Asgardian laws and for the purposes of implementing the provisions of the Constitution before the election of Parliament and formation of the Government of Asgardia, the Head of Nation may issue decrees which remain in force until appropriate laws are adopted.

Article 37. Deadline for election of Parliament

Elections for members of Parliament are called no later than six months after the adoption of the Constitution.

Article 38. Deadline for forming the Government of Asgardia

The Government is formed no later than three months after election of Asgardiaís Parliament in accordance with the Constitution and the law. Until a Government is formed, the duties of the Government are performed by the Head of Nation and his/her Administration.

Article 39. Effectiveness of the Constitution

The Constitution of Asgardia becomes effective on the day of its official publication at https://asgardia.space on the basis of the results of the referendum of 18 June 2017

Article 40. The First Amendment

Upon the formation of the Government, Chapter 9 as a whole will become irrelevant, and thus it shall be removed from the Constitution, and this amendment may be exceptionally carried out without a referendum.

References:

[1]Motivation for the re-wording:

This replaces the original wording, "We, the people of planet Earth". First of all it is already common knowledge that the Earth is a planet; the word "world" may be a better choice as it does not exclude those which do not live directly unto the surface of the planet. Adding the sentence "and the worlds to come" avoids excluding those that may one day live on other planets, such as Martian colonists.

[2]Motivation for the re-wording:

The rather drastic claim that the universe is mankind's "birthright" is abandoned. This satisfies 2 critiques:

-Guzlomi (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-declaration-of-unity-4549/?post=21524#21524)

-LoreZyra (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25778#25778)

[3]Motivation for the re-wording:

Satisfies 1 critique:

-Guzlomi (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-declaration-of-unity-4549/?post=21524#21524)

[4]Motivation for the re-wording:

The point is made gender-neutral, with "person" instead, whereas the original would read, "Any citizen of Earth can become a citizen of Asgardia, if he concurs with this Declaration". Also, the new wording does not exclude future Martian colonists from becoming Asgardian citizens. Satisfies 5 critiques:

-Guzlomi (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-declaration-of-unity-4549/?post=21524#21524)

-Papineau (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25689#25689)

-Scarbs (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25724#25724)

-Bluecloud (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25743#25743)

-Trackman1997 (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25765#25765)

[5]Motivation for the re-wording:

The new wording forbids any kind of discrimination, whereas the original wording would attempt to list forms of discrimination (and running the risk of omitting some). Satisfies 1 critique:

-Guzlomi (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-declaration-of-unity-4549/?post=21524#21524)

[6]Motivation for the re-wording:

The original wording included "Asgardia respects the laws of the states on Earth", which may pose issues as Asgardia needs only to respect the sovereignty of states, not every single laws of every single states on Earth. Satisfies 1 critique:

-Guzlomi (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-declaration-of-unity-4549/?post=21524#21524)

[7]Motivation for the re-wording:

Satisfies 1 critique:

-Guzlomi (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-declaration-of-unity-4549/?post=21524#21524)

[8]Motivation for the re-wording:

Satisfies 1 critique:

-Guzlomi (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-declaration-of-unity-4549/?post=21524#21524)

[9]Motivation for the re-wording:

Satisfies 1 critique:

-Guzlomi (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-declaration-of-unity-4549/?post=21524#21524)

[10]Motivation for the re-wording:

Does not forbid the existence of civil associations sharing common political beliefs, which simply cannot be avoided in practice.

Satisfies 3 critiques:

-Guzlomi (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-declaration-of-unity-4549/?post=21524#21524)

-AeongG (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25697#25697)

-LoreZyra (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25778#25778)

[11]Motivation for the re-wording:

Satisfies 1 critique:

-Guzlomi (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-declaration-of-unity-4549/?post=21524#21524)

[12]Motivation for the re-wording:

Solves the problem of attempting to define "free spirit". Also, to quote Asgardian lawyer Gluzomi, "What you can do in Earth regarding religion is up to the laws of each Earth state, so there's no need to say anything in a declaration regarding Asgardia"

Satisfies 1 critique:

-Guzlomi (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-declaration-of-unity-4549/?post=21524#21524)

[13]Motivation for the re-wording:

Forgetting or ignoring History is incompatible with evolution, for evolution may occur only when one remembers past mistakes so to avoid repeating them in the future.

Satisfies 2 critiques:

-Guzlomi (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-declaration-of-unity-4549/?post=21524#21524)

-LoreZyra (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25778#25778)

[14]Motivation for the re-wording:

Satisfies 1 critique:

-Guzlomi (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-declaration-of-unity-4549/?post=21524#21524)

[15]Motivation for the re-wording:

The original wording, "Asgardia is a Constitutional Monarchy", was incompatible with the principle of equality as stated in Article 8:2 of the asgardia.space Constitution.

Satisfies 21 critiques:

-Ozgun (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25637#25637)

-AllenDeGrey (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25644#25644)

-iamrickrock (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25687#25687)

-FutureMon (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25691#25691)

-nihylum (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25695#25695)

-Callisto (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25701#25701)

-AeonG (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25704#25704)

-EduardoTorres (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25705#25705)

-petrv (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25706#25706)

-FSD (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25707#25707)

-MateXon (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25713#25713)

-Kronos (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25722#25722)

-Scarbs (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25724#25724)

-ekampp (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25729#25729)

-billy.g.billups (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25734#25734)

-Christiesf (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25761#25761)

-Trackman1997 (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25765#25765)

-LoreZyra (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25779#25779)

-Ivoku (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25838#25838)

-Benjamin Gittins (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25841#25841)

-LeoBrazil (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=26128#26128)

-Demon82 (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25846#25846)

[16]Motivation for the re-wording:

The original wording made it seem as if Asgardia was forcing its citizens to finance the government. The new wording makes citizens free to choose if they support the government financially or not (if they are in the incapacity to do so, for instance).

Satisfies 8 critiques:

-Skieswanne (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25647#25647)

-AquariusEarth (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25675#25675)

-littlemacha (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25680#25680)

-Scarbs (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25724#25724)

-Kronos (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25725#25725)

-ekampp (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25729#25729)

-Cosmin Hodrea (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25745#25745)

-Christiesf (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25761#25761)

[17]Motivation for the re-wording:

There is no visible reason to reject candidates under 50 years of age, as proposed in the original wording. The age of 25 is the average age suggested by the people instead.

Satisfies 9 critiques:

-LoreZyra (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25645#25645)

-AllenDeGrey (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25644#25644)

-littlemacha (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25680#25680)

-Mohamed1986 (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25692#25692)

-EduardoTorres (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25705#25705)

-Achraf (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25708#25708)

-Elie (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25714#25714)

-lkroll (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25723#25723)

-Scarbs (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25724#25724)

[18]Motivation for the re-wording:

The name "Gor", as proposed by the original wording, was viewed as rather unappealing. Instead, the name "Asgardian Credit" was the most popular suggestion by the people.

Satisfies 8 critiques:

-Skieswanne (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25667#25667)

-nihylum (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25695#25695)

-FSD (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25707#25707)

-Scarbs (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25724#25724)

-Kronos (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25725#25725)

-BohZao (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25753#25753)

-Christiesf (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25761#25761)

-Trackman1997 (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25765#25765)

[19]Motivation for the re-wording:

The original wording included "Systematic derogation of this duty (voting) may lead to legal consequences in accordance with the law", which caused a bit of a negative reception - for it implied that those who were unable to perform voting (or those that would choose to remain silent, as an exercise of their freedom of speech) would automatically be considered criminals.

Satisfies 4 critiques:

-Callisto (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25674#25674)

-ekampp (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25729#25729)

-Christiesf (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25761#25761)

-Trackman1997 (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25765#25765)

-LoreZyra (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25780#25780)

[20]Motivation for the re-wording:

The original wording would include "the Head of State enjoys immunity", which was contradictory to the principle of Equality as stated in the Constitution itself, and which also contradicted Article 32:10, b & c ("The Head of State may be removed from his/her position by Parliament in accordance with the procedure set by the law in the event of: (...) b. the Prosecutor General accusing the Head of State of treason or other major crime, with such accusation confirmed by a conclusion of the Royal Court; c. the Prosecutor General or the Chamber of Supreme Values accusing the Head of State of a gross violation of Asgardia's Constitution, with such accusation confirmed by a conclusion of the Royal Court. ")

Satisfies 2 critiques:

-AllenDeGrey (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25683#25683)

-Scarbs (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25724#25724)

LoreZyra (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25780#25780)

[21]Motivation for the re-wording:

The original wording did not once mention the process of laws being adopted only if they received the approval of the people (this democracy which is the current will of the people). The original wording was also giving the Head of Nation dictator-like powers, including the power to veto (reject) the results of popular votes and the power to simply dissolve the Parliament.

Satisfies 14 critiques:

-AluaKilean (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25693#25693)

-nihylum (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25695#25695)

-Callisto (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25701#25701)

-AeonG (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25704#25704)

-EduardoTorres (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25705#25705)

-petrv (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25706#25706)

-FSD (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25707#25707)

-MateXon (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25713#25713)

-rincoadeje (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25721#25721)

-lkroll (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25723#25723)

-Scarbs (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25724#25724)

-Trackman1997 (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25765#25765)

-LoreZyra (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25785#25785)

-RickySickles https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25850#25850)

[22]Motivation for the re-wording:

The people's consensus is that the Constitution should not get adopted through a mere regular majority, as originally proposed, but actually a 2/3 majority.

Satisfies 4 critiques:

-nihylum (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25695#25695)

-petrv (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25706#25706)

-Scarbs (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25724#25724)

-Okkabogga (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25809#25809)

[23]Motivation for the re-wording:

The original wording would attempt to ban "immorality", which is a very vague (and subjective) term. Instead, the new wording focuses on enforcing the the Constitution and banning violation of the rights which the Constitution holds.

Satisfies 2 critiques:

-BinaAssault (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25698#25698)

-Callisto (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25701#25701)

[24]Motivation for the re-wording:

The addition of removing the Head of Nation in the event the HoN rejects the result of referendums enables to solve any eventual constitutional crisis between Head of Nation and parliament, in case of lock down.

Satisfies 1 critique:

-Elie (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25714#25714)

[25]Motivation for the re-wording:

The original wording focused on the HoN having the ability to nominate a successor, which lead to the misunderstanding that the rest of the Asgardians were forbidden from submitting their candidacy.

Satisfies 4 critiques:

-Richard Howell (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25720#25720)

-Scarbs (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25724#25724)

-Christiesf (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25761#25761)

-Trackman1997 (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25765#25765

[26]Motivation for the re-wording:

The original wording, "Asgardian citizens have the right of peaceful and unarmed assembly without prior approval on the basis of written notification", would imply that assembly is in fact prohibited until the written notification is approved.

Satisfies 2 critiques:

-ekampp (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25729#25729)

-Trackman1997 (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25765#25765)

-LoreZyra (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25780#25780)

[27] Motivation for the re-wording:

The original wording was opening the door to the restriction of rights based on mere suspicion, which is equivalent to creating a dystopian police state.

Satisfies 1 critique:

-ekampp (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25729#25729)

[28] Motivation for the re-wording:

It is impossible to "preserve" nature, as the original wording requested citizens to do, for nature always changes and evolves. However it is possible to avoid destroying the environment as a whole.

Satisfies 1 critique:

-ekampp (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25729#25729)

[29] Motivation for the re-wording:

The original wording made it illegal for Asgardians to NOT make a contribution, which could be considered a form of slavery.

Satisfies 1 critique:

-ekampp (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25729#25729)

[30] Motivation for the re-wording:

The original wording made it seem as if the Constitution was forbidding Asgardians to simply sit down by a beach and relax.

Satisfies 1 critique:

-ekampp (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25729#25729)

[31] Motivation for the re-wording:

The original wording was highly confusing: "Asgardia's sovereign currency is issued by the National Bank in the amount tied to the ideal parameters of the Moon set by a special law of Asgardia".

Satisfies 2 critiques:

-Trackman1997 (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25765#25765)

-LoreZyra (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25781#25781)

[32] Motivation for the re-wording:

The original wording would omit the right for citizens to propose amendments motions.

Satisfies 1 critique:

-Cosmin Hodrea (https://asgardia.space/en/forum/forum/constitution-132/topic/discussion-of-the-draft-constitution-5379/?post=25745#25745)

[33] Motivation for the re-wording:

The original wording also gave the HoN the power to dissolve the Parliament, an idea which was strongly opposed (and for good reasons).

Satisfies 11 critiques: