EXPLANATION "SCHWARTZ VALUES"; SCHIRA

> Schwartz values, which can be called Schira as a typology system, is based on a psychological theory in which values are recognized in all human cultures and societies. This proves that there is a universal organization of human motivations divided into several parts.

> There are 19 universal values divided into 4 main parts;

Transcendance

Openness to change

Assertiveness

Conservation

Each person has values, more or less important according to his gender, his past and his experiences; these values, although universal, differ according to individuals. So how can we know our own values and discover ourselves? This was Schwartz's objective in creating this theory based on spirituality.

As said before, there are 4 main parts that we will call T (transcendance), O (openness to change), A (assertiveness) and C (conservation).  Assertiveness and openness to change act and focus on the person, on the contrary conservation and transcendence which focus on the social.

  Each person has one or two main parts noted in this order [X; X] (e.g. [T; A] if the two main parts are transcendance and assertiveness. In these two main parts, each individual can have up to 3 values more important than the others and they are noted.

For example, in T, the 3 values may be Benevolence-Care, Humility and Universalism-Nature but he may have only 2, the maximum being 3. At this point it will be noted [T (b-c, h, u-n); A].

  Some values are similar and this is normal, and some are cut into 2 major parts such as Humility present in overcoming and conservation.

Here are the descriptions:

1ST PART; TRANSCENDANCE

  We can find these values in this big part:

> Benevolence-care: taking care of peers in a group of belonging, giving priority to the needs of others than one's own (altruism, helpfulness, indulgence)

> Benevolence-fiability: being a reliable, trustworthy person in a peer group, being devoted and loyal to the group (loyalty, complicity, fidelity)

> Universalism-concern: to commit oneself to justice, protection and equality of all in a society; equality between each person (harmony, justice, humanism)

> Universalism-nature: preserving the natural environment, nature, taking care of the environment and fighting against pollution (ecology, harmony, balance)

> Universalism-tolerance: acceptance and understanding of others and of each other's differences, being at ease with diversity, respecting each other (tolerance, diplomacy, open-mindedness)

> Humility: recognizing one's insignificance on a universal scale, being modest, being satisfied with what we have and not considering ourselves above others (modesty, minimalism, recognition)

PART 2: OPENNESS TO CHANGE

> Self-determination of thought: freedom to cultivate and learn from one's own ideas and abilities, to be able to adapt to oneself and to form one's own opinions (originality, curiosity, self-assertion)

> Self-determination of actions: to be free to decide on one's own actions, to make choices on one's own and to accomplish one's actions on one's own (independence, will, freedom)

> Stimulation: cultivating enthusiasm, novelty and change by taking on challenges, accumulating new experiences, vital need for variety by taking risks (adventure, enthusiasm, accomplishment)

> Hedonism : pleasure or personal sensual gratification, search for the pleasure of life and pleasant emotions in the satisfaction of the present moment (pleasure, well-being, lightness)

3RD PART: SELF-AFFIRMATION

> Hedonism : pleasure or personal sensual gratification, search for the pleasure of life and pleasant emotions in the satisfaction of the present moment (pleasure, well-being, lightness)

> Success: seeking success according to the criteria of social norms, seeking approval and social recognition through one's skills and performances deemed desirable and recognized by a society (ambition, success, influence)

> Power-dominance: exercising control over one's peers with one's authority by directing the group and by one's influence (social power, influence, leadership)

> Power-resources: exerting control over events through one's social and material resources, possessing signs of wealth of any kind, holding power through one's resources (wealth, prosperity, materialism)

> Public Image: preserving one's security and power through one's public image, avoiding a bad reputation or humiliation, protecting one's image with others and one's prestige (dignity, charisma, prestige)

PART 4: CONSERVATION

> Public image: preserve one's security and power thanks to one's public image, avoiding a bad reputation or humiliation, protect one's image with others and one's prestige (dignity, charisma, prestige)

>Personal security: to ensure security in the immediate future, to avoid danger and that which can corrupt one's well-being, to have protective relationships that assure me (comfort, harmony, structure)

> Security-society: living in a society that maintains order, peace and stability, being in a socially and politically safe place and being defended (stability, social order, security)

> Tradition: Maintaining and preserving the beliefs and customs of a group to which one belongs, whether it be family, religion or a peer group, respecting these traditions and defending them (conviction, devotion, transmission)

> Conformity-Rules: Respect for laws, rules and justice by subordinating one's behavior to the expectations of society without violating it by obeying higher authorities and not transgressing social expectations and norms (self-discipline, obedience, uprightness)

> Interpersonal Compliance: Avoiding hurting or upsetting others, being polite, courteous and avoiding conflicts, self-limiting thoughts and actions for the stability of relationships with others so as not to destabilize (uniformity, harmony, adaptability)