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Timeline - How The Web Was Born - Gillies & Cailliau

            General                                      Computers

1935                                        Vannevar Bush patents differential analyser.

1936                                        Konrad Zuse begins work on                                                                 electro-mechanical computing devices

1944                                        Colossus operational at Bletchley Park

1945        Second WorldWar ends.        Vannavar Bush publishes 'As We May Think'

                                        in the 'Atlantic Monthly'.

1946                                        ENIAC operational at Princeton

1947                                        Transistor invented.

1948                                        Manchester 'baby operational

1949                                        Manchester Mark 1 operational.

                                        EDSAC operational at NPL.

1950        US National Science                Pilot ACE operational at NPL

        Foundation Established.

1951                                        First Ferranti Mark 1 delivered.

1954        CERN formally comes into        

        existence with 12 member

        states

1955        West Germany joins NATO        

1956        Suez crisis.                        Ken Olsen builds TX-o.

1957        Sputnik launched by USSR.

1958        Explorer launched by USA                ACE operational at NPL

        ARPA created by Eisenhower.        First integrated circuits produced

1959                                        Timesharing discussed in Paris

                                        by Christopher Strachey.

                                        Leonard Kleinrock starts working on his thesis                                                 about computer communication.

1961        Berlin wall goes up.

1962        J.C.R. Licklider creates the         Project Mac begins at MIT        

Information Processing                        Wesley Clark produces the        

Techniques Office (IPTO)                LINC computer        

within ARPA.                                Doug Engelbart publishes                                                                Augmenting Human Intelligence,

                                        which develops into NLS.

1963        President Kennedy assassinated

        Licklider's memo to the 'Inter-

        galactic Computer Network'.

1964        Start of the Vietnam War.        Paul Baran publishes a paper on

                                        what would come to be called packet                                                         switching.

1965                                        Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen

                                        Nygaard invent Object Oriented

                                        programming

                                        The term hypertext coined by Ted Nelson

1966        Bob Taylor becomes director         Donald Davies describes his idea

        of IPTO                        of packet switching at the NPL.

                                        IPTO funds computer link across the US.

1967                                        ACM meeting at Gatlinburg

                                        brings together network

                                        pioneers from UK and US.

                                        Donald Davies introduces packet

                                        switching to CCITT

        

                                        HES hypertext system developed

                                        at Brown University

1968        EEC establishes the COST        Doug Engelbart demonstrates NLS

        framework for scientific        at the Fall Joint Computer Conference

        collaboration within Europe.        

                                        Network Working Group established

                                        Conversational Computing on the South

                                        Bank--Stanley Gill's prophetic presentation

                                        on the possible evolution of British

                                        networking

                                        FRESS hypertext system developed at Brown                                                University

1969        First Moon landing                The ARPANET starts up.                                                                RFC 1 written by Steve Crocker.

                                        GML developed by Charles Goldfarb,

                                        Edward Mosher, and Raymond Lorie.

1970                                        The NPL Network starts up.

1971                                        The first microprocessors are produced.

                                        Norm Abramson's Alohanet starts up in

                                        Hawaii.

1972                                        Louis Pouzin's Cyclades network is

                                        demonstrated in France.

                                        The ARPANET is demonstrated in

                                        Washington.

                                        Ray Tomlinson sends the first e-mail.

1973        Britain joins the Common        The first microprocessor-based computer,

        Market.                        the Micral, is launched in France.

        NORSAR in Norway                 The Alto is developed at Xerox PARC

        becomes the first

        ARPANET site outside the        Videotex is invented by Sam Fedida at the British

        US, closely followed by        Post Office.

        University College London        TCP development begins.                                                                PACNET becomes the first packet-broadcasting

                                        satellite network. Ceefax and Oracle are launched                                        in the UK.

                                        Bob Metcalfe develops Ethernet.

1974                                        COST project 11, the European Informatics                                                 Network links NPL and Cyclades.

1975        End of Vietnam War                The Altair 8800 kit computer is released.

                                        The Homebrew Computer Club

                                        is formed.

                                        The Cambridge Ring is developed

                                        EIN becomes fully operational

1976                                        Apple Computer is founded by Steve Jobs

                                        and Steve Wozniak.

                                        Queen Elizabeth II becomes the first head of state                                         to send an e-mail message.

                                        CCITT publishes X.25 standard

1977                                        Tandy TRS-80, Commodore PET, and

                                        Apple II computers appear.

                                        TITN network becomes operational at CERN

                                        The experimental Internet is demonstrated

                                        The British Post Office launches EPSS.

                                        Robert Cailliau produces Report for use at CERN

1978                                        Acorn computers is founded in the UK.

                                        CERNET starts up at CERN

                                        TCP evolves into TCP/IP

1979                                        Alan Kay develops Smalltalk

                                        

                                        Usenet starts up

                                        Joint Network Team established in the UK

                                        Prestel launched in the UK.

                                        Donald Knuth releases TEX.

1980                                        PSION founded.

                                        Sinclair releases the ZX-80 at under P100

                                        assembled--the world's cheapest computer.

                                        EIN decommissioned.

                                        The SGML standard is published.

                                        Tim Berners-Lee writes 'Enquire' at CERN

1981                                        The first IBM-PC is released.

                                        Acorn wins contract to produce the BBC Micro

                                        French Teletel project starts, eventually becomes

                                        Minitel.

                                        STELLA project begins.

                                        BITNET starts up.

                                        The NSF establishes CSNET.

                                        The British Post Office launches PSS.

1982                                        Hermann Maurer in Graz extends the Videotex                                                concept by building a microprocessor into his

                                        Videotex terminals.

1983                                        ACT launches the Apricot computer

                                        The Internet Activities Board is established.

                                        ARPANET switches to TCP/IP                                                        TCP/IP available in BSD Unix.

                                        Domain Name System invented.

1984                                        Macintosh launched.

                                        NSF establishes NSFNET

                                        JANET launched using X.25

                                        BITNET acquies a European arm in EARN

                                        CERN starts to evaluate TCP/IP.

                                        CERNDOC produced at CERN

1985                                        Sinclair launches the ill-fated C5 electric vehicle

                                        

                                        CERN adopts OSI protocols as official policy with

                                        everything else being interim.

                                        CERN chooses TCP/IP to network the computers

                                        controlling its new LEP accelerator.

                                        Intermedia developed at Brown.

1986                                        Steve Jobs founds NeXT.

                                        Sinclair sells out to Amstrad

                                        Cleveland Free-Net starts up.

                                        NNTP appears.

1987                                        NSFNET and JANET linked

                                        BITNET and CSNET merge.

                                        RFC1000

                                        First Hypertext Conference held

                                        at Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

                                        Hypercard released by Apple.

1989        Berlin Wall comes down.        With five million Minitel sets,        

Satellite television starts to                France is the world's most wired

        appear                                country.

                                        WAIS.                                        

Archie.

                                        CERN opens its first external TCP/IP connections

                                        Tim Berners-Lee writes 'Information Management:

                                        A Proposal'.

1990                                        ARPANET decommissioned

                                        Microcosm developed at Southampton

                                        http://info.cern.ch/ becomes first

                                        Web server.                                        HYTELNET

1991                                        Commercial use of the Internet permitted.

                                        Gopher.

                                        JANET starts to run TCP/IP

                                        alongside X.25

                                        San Antonio Hypertext Conference

                                        Line mode browser.

                                        Erwise browser.

                                        First US server at SLAC.

                                        Viola browser.

1992                                        Internet Society founded.

                                        Midas browser.

                                        Lynx.

1993                                        First Web developers' meeting in Boston

                                        WISE project.

                                        White House Web site established

                                        CERN puts Web software in the public domain.

                                        GNN.

                                        Viola runs mini application programs.

                                        X-Mosaic released.

                                        Cello browser for PCs.

1994        CERN's LHC project                SuperJANET launched as a

        approved.                        TCP/IP network.                                        Prestel wound up.

                                        Alexandria proposal

                                        Agora.                                        

                                        First Web conference held at CERN.

                                        Netscape.

1995                                        World Wide Web carries more data than Minitel

                                        for the first time.

                                        W3C founded

                                        Hyper-G handles sound and video

                                        CERN's Web work transferred to INRIA.

1999                                        Number of Web servers approaches 10 million.

The Cast (Abridged)

Abramatic, Jean-Francois - French computer scientist, Director of Development at         INRIA, chairman of W3C since September 1996.

Abramson, Norm - Leader of the team that built the world's first packet-radio network,         the ALOHANET, in Hawaii.

Addis, Louise - SLAC librarian, ran the SLAC preprint server and founded the SLAC         WWW Wizards.

Allen, Paul - Co-founder of Microsoft with Bill Gates

Altaber, Jacques - CERN computer scientist responsible for networking for the         laboratory's SPS and LEP accelerators.

Andreessen, Marc - Developer of the X-Mosaic browser at NCSA with Eric Bina, and         co-founder of Netscape with Jim Clark.

Anklesaria, Farhad - Main developer of gopher at the University of Minnesota.

Arvidson, Allan - Swedish physicist working on the National Library of Sweden's Web         archive project.

Atkinson, Bill - Inventor of the Apple Hypertext program, HyperCard.

Babbage, Charles - Nineteenth-century British mathematician widely regarded as the         father of modern computing.

Baran, Paul - American computer scientist. Headed the data communications research         group a the NPL under Donald Davies. Later chaired the European Informatics         Network.

Barker, Ben - Member of the BBN team put together by Frank Heart to build the         ARPANET's Interface Message processors (IMPs).

Bartlett, Keith - Member of the data communications research group at NPL

Bellovin, Steve - Co-inventor with Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis of Usenet news.

Berners-Lee, Mary Lee and Conway - British computer scientists who worked ont he         Ferranti Mark 1 computer. Parents of Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the         World Wide Web.

Berners-Lee, Tim - British computer scientist. Inventor of the World Wide Web and         later Director of the World Wide Web Consortium, W3C.

Bertell, Bill - Member of the BBN team put together by Frank Heart to build the         ARPANET's Interface Message Processors (IMPs).

Bina, Eric - Software develope at NCSA. Wrote the X-Mosaic browser with Marc Andreessen.Bosack, Len - Co-founder of the router-manufacturing company Cisco.

Bright, Roy - Head of Viewdata International Operations in the late 1970s.

Bruce, Tom - Developer of Cello, one of the first Web browsers for PCs at Cornell Law         School.

Bush, Vannevar - Imagined hypertext in his 1945 article 'As We May Think'.         Profoundly influenced Doug Engelbart.Cailliau, Robert - Belgian informatics         engineer at CERN. The self appointed evangelist of the World Wide Web.

Carpenter, Brian - CERN computer scientist responsible for system software for the PS         control system in the early 1980s, later head of networking at CERN and         president of the IAB.

Cerf, Vint - American computer scientist often referred to as the father of the Internet

        for his work on TCP.Clark, Jim -American entrepreneur. Founder of Silicon         Graphics and then co-founder of Netscape Communications Corporation with         Marc Andreessen.

Clark, Welden - American computer scientist and co-author with J. C. R. Licklider of         the landmark paper 'On-Line Man-Computer Communication'.

Clark, Wesley - American computer scientist, inventor of the concept of a sub-net for         the ARPANET. Went on to build the LINC computer.

Connolly, Dan - American computer scientist whose early efforts towards         standardization of the Web helped to ensure that all documents could be read by         all browsers.

Cooper, Bob - British computer scientist and founding member of the Joint Network         Team that built the UK's JANET and SuperJANET networks.

Cosell, Bernie - Member of the BBN team put together by Frank Heart to build the         ARPANET's Interface Message processors (IMPs).

Crocker, Steve - American Computer Scientist. Worked on the ARPANET and         established the tradition of Requests for Comments (RFQs) when he sent a         memo to the Network Working Group in 1969.

Crowther, Will - Member of the BBNteam put together by Frank Heart to build the         ARPANET's Interface Message processors (IMPs). Best known for writing         Adventure, the first computer game.

Curry, Christopher - Co-founder with Hermann Hauser of Acorn, the British computer         company that made the BBC Micro and achieved some success in the early         1980s.

Dahl, Ole-Johan - Norwegian computer scientist. Co-inventor with Kristen Nygaard of         Object-Oriented Programming.

Daneels, Axel - CERN controls engineer. Responsible for applications programming for         the CERN PS accelerator in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

Dautry, Raoul - French government minister and proponent of creating a European         laboratory in the late 1940s and early 1950s.

Davies, Donald - British computer scientist and inventor of packet switching. The idea         was invented independently by the American Paul Baran.

de Broglie, Louis - French Nobel-Prizewinning physicist whose 1949 idea for a pan-        European physics laboratory was realised in 1954 when twelve nations signed         the convention establishing CERN.

Detouzos, Michael - Greek-American head of the Laboratory for Computer Science at         MIT, home of the World Wide Web Consortium.Deutsch, Peter - Co-developer         of archie at Canada's McGill University.

Dougherty, Dale - Computer book publisher with the firm of O'Reilly. Organize a         meeting of Web developers in Boston in 1993 that has come to be known as the         'zeroth' World Wide Web conference.

Ellis, Alan - Australian polymath university professor and founder of the Ausweb         conferences.Ellis, Jim - Co-inventor with Tom Truscott and Steve Bellovin of         Usenet news.

Emtage, Alan - Co-developer of archie at Canada's McGill University.

Engelbart, Doug - Pioneer of personal computing. Among the first to think of using         computers for non-technical purposes like word-processing. Inventor of the         mouse.

Favre, Alain - French student from the Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers         (CNAM) who worked on an early PC browser at CERN.

Fedida, Sam - British engineer who invented Viewdata at the Post Office Research         Station in Martlesham Heath.Filo, David - Stanford University graduate student,         co-founder of Yahoo! with Jerry Yang.

Fluckiger, Francois - CERN computer scientist who assumed responsibility for the web         at CERN when Tim Berners-Lee left for MIT.

Frystyk Nielsen, Henrik - Danish student who joined the Web team at CERN 1994.

Fu, Ping - Scientific visualization expert. Worked on the morphing for Terminator 2.         Hired Marc Andreessen at NCSA to work on a browser.

Fuchs, Ira - Vice-Chancellor for University Systems at the City University of New York         in the early 1980s. Founder of BITNET.

Gassee, Jean-Louis - French computer scientist. Head of research and development at         Apple in the early 1980s.

Gates, Bill - Co-founder of Microsoft with Paul Allen.

Geisman, Jim - Member of the BBN team puttogether by Frank Heart to build the         ARPANET's Interface Message Processors (IMPs).

Gerard, Mike - CERN computer scientist who worked on the laboratory's packet-        switching network, CERNET, in the late 1970s.Gill, Stanley - Professor of         Automatic Data Processing at Imperial College, London. Founder of the Real         Time Club and outspoken champion of Donald Davies's packet-switching ideas.

Goldfarb, Charles - Co-author of SGML, a highly successful markup language for         producing structured documentation.

Groff, Jean-Francois - French computer scientist who went to CERN as an alternative to         military service and worked with Tim Berners-Lee. The first Web         consultant.

Grundner, Tom - Cleveland, Ohio-based assistant professor of medicine whose         community health bulletin board gave rise to the free-net concept.

Hall, Wendy - Hypertext developer and professor at Southampton University, founder         of Microcosm.

Hardin, Joseph - American sociologist who was head of NCSA's software development         group at the time the Mosaic browsers were written.

Hauser, Hermann - Co-founder with Christopher Curry of Acorn, the British computer         company that made the BBC Micro and achieved some success in the early         1980s.

Heart, Frank - Head of the BBN team that won the contract to build the Interface         Message Processors (IMPs) for the ARPANET.

Heelan, Bill - Co-developer of archie at Canada's McGill University.

Hughes, Kevin - Author of an important early Web site about dinosaurs at Honolulu         Community College. Historian of the World Wide Web.

Hullot, Jean-Marie - French computer scientist whose interface builder became the heart         of NeXTStep, the operating system that made the NeXT computer so appealing         to Tim Berners-Lee as a development platform for the World Wide Web.

Innocenti, Pier Giogio - Italian boss of Robert Cailliau at CERN. Player in the         negotiations leading to the establishment of W3C.

Jobs, Steve - Co-founder of Apple Computer, founder of NeXT.

Johnson, Tony - British physicist working at SLAC who wrote the Midas browser for         the World Wide Web.

Joy, Bill - Berkeley graduate student who set up the Berkeley Software Distribution         (BSD) in 1977. Co-founder of Sun Microsystems.

Kahle, Brewster - Founder of the WAIS project who went on to establish Alexa, a         company to archive the World Wide Web.

Khan, Bob - MIT mathematician and ARPANET pioneer. Kahn was one of Frank         Heart's team at BBN and later organized a landmark demonstration of the         ARPANET in Washington, D. C., in 1972.

Kappe, Frank - One of Herman Maurer's graduate students who was involved with the         development of Hyper-G and Hyperwave at Graz.

Kay, Alan - Computer pioneer from Utah who coined the term 'object-oriented' and,         while working at Xerox PARC, produced the Graphical User Interface (GUI)         that inspired the Macintosh.

Kelly, Brian - Computer scientist from Leeds who offered Robert Cailliau a demo of the         World Wide Web.

Kernighan, Brian - Co-author with Dennis Ritchie of the C programming         language.

Kilby, Jack - Built the first integrated circuit for Texas Instruments in 1958.

Kirstein, Peter - British network pioneer at University College London who introduced         the ARPANET to Britain and championed the use of TCP/IP protocols.

Kjaernsrod, Steinar - Norwegian computer scientist and member of the team that put the         1994 Lillehammer winter Olympics on the World Wide Web.

Kleinrock, Leonard - Computer networking pioneer who was the first to think about         how computers might communicate with each other. Kleinrock's UCLA         computer science department became the first node on the ARPANET.

Knuth, Donald - Stanford-based author of the TEX text processing language popular         with physicists because of its powerful ability to produce mathematical         equations.

Kuiper, Berend - Head of the CERN team put together in the 1970s to bring the control         system of the laboratory's PS accelerator up to date.

Kunz, Paul - SLAC physicist who took the Web to America.

Le Lann, Gerard - Member of Louis Pouzin's Cyclades team who ensured that the pure         datagram approach pioneered in Cyclades made its way into the Internet         protocols.

Leffler, Sam - Colleague of Bill Joy's at Berkeley who oversaw the release of 4.2BSD         Unix, a Unix implementation with TCP/IP built in.

Lemmke, Ari - Finnish computer scientist whose students at the Helsinki Unversity of         Technology produced Erwise, one of the first Web browsers for Unix.

Lettenstrom, Frans - Swedish physicist working on the National Library of Sweden's         Web archive project.

Levy, Steve - BBN vice-president who set up Telenet to capitalize on the ARPANET         technology.

Licklider, J. C. R. - American computing pioneer who became the first director of         ARPA's Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) and provided the         inspiration for the ARPANET.

Lie, Hakon - Norwegian computer scientist who came to CERN in 1994 and later joined         the fledgling W3C.

Luotonen, Ari - Finnish programming wizard who came to CERN in 1993 and worked         on some of the more advanced features of the Web.

Maurer, Hermann - Viewdata researcher who had the idea of networked personal         computing in the early 1980s, going on to develop the Hyper-G hypertext system.

McCahill, Mark - Leader of the team that developed gopher at the University of         Minnesota.

McElroy, Neil - US Secretary of Defense under Eisenhower who was previously a         president of Proctor and Gamble. His idea of establishing a long-range research         agency led to the foundation of ARPA.

Metakides, George - Greek director of the European Union's ESPRIT programme. Repre        sented Brussels in the negotiations leading to the establishment of W3C.

Metcalfe, Bob - Inventor of Ethernet and co-author of the TCP protocol for         internetworking.

Meyrowitz, Norman - Co-founder of the Institute for Research in Information and         Scholarship (IRIS) at Brown University.

Mittelhauser, Jon - Member of the NCSA Mosaic team who wrote the PC version of         Mosaic with Chris Wilson. Later did the same job at Netscape.

Mockapetris, Paul - Inventor of the Internet's Domain Name System (DNS)

Montulli, Lou - Developer of the Lynx browser at the University of Kansas. Went on to         invent the notorious 'blink' tag and cookies, and to point a camera at the fish tank         in Netscape's offices.

Moore, Gordon - Intel co-found who invented Moore's Law about the growth of         computer power.

Muller, Kurt - One of the Swiss delegates on Derek Barber's European Informatics         Network team.

Nash, Dennis - Founder of the company D. G. Nash Limited where Tim Berners-Lee         worked before coming to CERN.Nelson, Bruce - Carnegie-Mellon graduate         student who wrote a thesis on the idea of Remote PRocedure Calls (RPCs).

Nelson, Ted - Self-proclaimed computer visionary. Inventor of the Xanadu system,         coiner of the term 'Hypertext' in 1965, and collaborator on one of the first         hypertext systems with Andy van Dam at Brown University.

Neuman, Clifford - University of Washington graduate student who developed Prospero,         a way of makng the Internet look like a single computer.

Nyberg, Kim - Member of the 'otherwise' team at the Helsinki University of Technology         that developed 'erwise', one of the first Web browsers for Unix.

Nygaard, Kristen - Norwegian computer scientist. Co-inventor with Ole-Johan Dahl of         object-oriented programming.

Olsen, Ken - MIT computer scientist who built the TX-o, theworld's first transistorized         computer. Later founded Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).

Ornstein, Severo - Member of the BBN team put together by Frank Heart to build the         ARPANET's Interface Message Processors (IMPs).

Partridge, Craig - Developer of the Domain Name System (DNS) with Paul Mockapetris         and Jon Postel.

Pellow, Nicola - British mathematics student who wrote the line mode broswer for the         Web whilst on a work placement at CERN.

Pollermann, Bernd - CERN computer scientist whose XFIND system provided a source         of ready-made information for the fledgling World Wide Web.

Poole, John - Founder of Image Computer Systems Limited, where Tim Berners-Lee         was a director.

Postel, Jon - Unofficial archivist of the Internet, co-developer of the Domain Name         System (DNS), and later administrator of that system.

Pouzin, Louis - Franch computer scientist and father of the world's first pure datagram         computer network, Cyclades.

Quint, Vincent - French computer scientist responsible for the team that authored Grif,         Tamaya, and the Amaya Web browser/editor.

Raggett, Dave - Bristol-based employee of Hewlett Packard and leader of the HTML         standardization effort.

Rantanen, Teemu - Member of the 'otherwise' team at the Helsinki University of         Technology that developed 'erwise', one of the first Web browsers for Unix.

Raskin, Jeff - Founder of the Macintosh project at Apple.Reynolds, Joyce - Co-author         with Jon Postel of RFC1000 and later co-editor of the RFC series with Postel.

Rimmer, Peggie - CERN physicist turned computer scientist. Tim Berners-Lee's boss at         CERN when he returned there in 1984.

Rising, Hawley - Member of the BBN eam put together by Frank Heart to build the         ARPANET's Interface Message processors (IMPs)

Ritchie, Dennis - Co-author with Brian Kernighan of the C programming language.

Roberts, Larry - MIT computer scientist hired by Bob Taylor at ARPA to lead the         ARPANET project.

Scantlebury, Roger - British computer scientist who worked on the NPL network. It was         Scantlebury who presented the NPL project at Gatlinburg in 1967.Scott, Peter -         University of Saskatchewan developer who wrote HYTELNET, an early         hypertext system for the Internet.

Secret, Arthur - French computer scientist and the Web's virutal librarian. Secret also         wrote Agora, a system for getting Web pages by e-mail.

Segal, Ben - CERN computer scientist who introduced the Internet to the laborratory.

Sendall, Mike - CERN physicist turned computer scientist, Sendall ran the laboratory's         on-line computing group in 1989 when Tim Berners-Lee brought him a proposal         for a distriuted information system.

Serre, Christian - Tim Berners-Lee's immediate boss at CERN in 1980.

Shapiro, Elmer - Early designer of the ARPANET's IMP network and unwitting founder         of the Network Working Group.

Shipp, William S. Co-founder of the Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship (IRIS) at Brown University.

Sinclair, Clive - British inventor, he built Britain's cheapest personal computers in the         1980s.

Smarr, Larry - Founder of the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the         University of Illinois.

Stallman, Richard - Founder of the Free Software Foundation which aims to keep the         cooperative spirit of software development alive by developing viable         alternatives to commercial software.

Stetner, Heidi - Berkeley graduate student whose dog 'Biff' gave its name to the Unix         command for notifying of incoming e-mail.

Sugar, Alan - British entrepreneur and chairman of Amstrad, a company that marketed         personal computers in the UK.Suominen, Kati - Member of the 'otherwise' team         at the Helsinki University of Technology that developed 'erwise', one of the first         Web browsers for Unix.

Suominen, Kati - Member of the 'otherwise' team at the Helsinki University of         Technology that developed 'erwise', one of the first Web browsers for Unix.

Sutherland, Ivan - Computer graphics pioneer who was the second Director of ARPA's         Information Processing Techniques of Office (IPTO).

Sydanmaanlakka, Kari - Member of the 'otherwise' team at the Helsinki University of         Technology that developed 'erwise', one of the first Web browsers for  Unix.

Taylor, Bob - Third Director of ARPA's Information Processing Techniques Office         (IPTO). Taylor founded the ARPANET project and hired Larry Roberts to run it.         Later moved to Xerox PARC.

Thach, Truett - Los Angeles-based employee of BBN who met IMP Number One off the         plane.

Thery, Gerard - Head of the French Direction Generale des Telecommunications,         founder of the project that led to Minitel.

Thompson, Dave - Software developer who introduced the World Wide Web to NCSA.

Thrope, Marty - Member of the BBN team put together by Frank Heart to build the         ARPANET's Interface Message Processors (IMPs).

Tomlinson, Ray - BBN employee and invetor of e-mail.

Torvalds, Linus - Helsinki Uniersity student who wrote the Linux operating system.

Totic, Aleks - Member of the NCSA Mosaic team who wrote the Macintosh version of         Mosaic. Later did the same job at Netscape.

Truscott, Tom - Co-inventor with Jim Ellis and Steve Bellovin of Usenet news.

Turing, Alan - British computer pioneer who worked on code breaking during the         Second World War. Later moved onto the National Physical Laboratory to run         the ACE project.

van Dam, Andy - Hypertext pioneer. Worked with Ted Nelson at Brown on HES, an         early hypertext system, and continued with FRESS.

van Herwijnen, Eric - CERN SGML expert and co-author of the laboratory's         CERNDOC documentation system.

Vezza, Al - Associate director of MIT's laboratory for ocmputer science. Vezza handled         the MIT end of negotiations leading up to the establishment of W3C.

von Neumann, John - Hungarian mathematician who invented the concept of the stored program computer.

Walden, Dave - Member of the BBN team put together by Frank Heart to build the         ARPANET's Interface Message Processors (IMPs)

Wei, Pei - Berkeley geography student who developed the Viola system in his spare         time.

Wenninger, Horst - CERN Director involved in the negotiations leading up to the         establishment of W3C.

White, Bebo - One of the SLAC WWW Wizards.

Wiegandt, Dietrich - CERN computer scientist whose tinkering with UUCP e-mail and         network news led to CERN being a European leader in these fields.

Wiener, Norbert - American pioneer of the field of cybernetics.

Wilkes, Maurice - Cambridge computer pioneer who built the world's first practical         stored program computer, the EDSAC.

Wilkinson, Peter - Member of the data communications research group at the NPL.

Wilson, Chris - Member of the NCSAMosaic team who wrote the PC version of Mosaic         with Jon Mittelhauser.

Wingfield, Mike - UCLA graduate student who built the hardware interface between         IMP Number One and the university's Sigma 7 computer.

Wirth, Niklaus - Swiss computer scientist and programming anguage expert. Inventor of         the Pascal language.

Womersley, John Reginald - Founder of the Mathematics Division at the UK National         Physical Laboratory.

Wozniak, Steve - Hardware designer. Founded Apple Computer along with Steve Jobs.

Yang, Jerry - Stanford University graduate student, co-founder of Yahoo! with David         Filo.

Yankelovich, Nicole - Hypertext developer at Brown. Worked on Internet media.

Zimmermann, Hubert - Member of Louis Pouzin's Cyclades team. Later president of the         CCITT's network architecture working group.

Zuse, Konrad - German conputer pioneer. Built the first operational programmable         calculator.