Unit 1 Summative Assessment

*Before taking the summative assessment below, please re-read each learning target on the pre-assessment table for learning targets for lessons 1-3. Please draw a square around the number (1-4) that describes your current understanding of each learning target for this unit. Please be sure to do the same on your vocabulary table for lessons 1-3 as well.

1. Homeostasis is the process that organisms:

1. only use when they are in danger.
2. only use when they are first born.
3. use to keep their internal conditions unbalanced.
4. use to keep their internal conditions relatively balanced.

2. Negative feedback occurs when (circle the two correct answers below):

1. the response is opposite of the stimulus (reduces the stimulus)
2. the response continues to be amplified (increases the stimulus)
3. the uterus contracts during the birth of a baby
4. a heating system keeping the temperature of a room at a designated set-point

3. “Polysaccharide” is a general term for complex carbohydrates. What does the prefix poly- mean?

1. self
2. one
3. many
4. above
5. below

4. Someone who is hypoglycemic might benefit from a glass of orange juice. What does the prefix hypo- mean?

1. self
2. one
3. many
4. above
5. below

5. What happens immediately after you eat an apple?

1. blood glucose levels drop, and insulin is released from the pancreas.
2. blood glucose levels increase, and insulin is released from the pancreas.
3. blood glucose levels stay the same.

6. Carbohydrates, such as glycogen, are made up of _____________.        

1. amino acids
2. simple sugars
3. nucleic acids
4. lipids

7. Which organic macromolecule is made up of amino acids?        

1. nucleic acid
2. carbohydrate
3. lipid
4. protein

8. What are the main elements found in cells?

1. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur
2. Carbon, calcium, mercury
3. Glucose, carbon, potassium, calcium, sulfur, mercury
4. Carbon, hydrogen, silver, oxygen

9. Type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis are disorders that are thought to occur when the body’s immune system produces proteins (called antibodies) that attack the body’s own cells and tissues. Therefore, these diseases are sometimes classified as _____________.        

1. autoimmune
2. negative feedback
3. positive feedback
4. homeostasis

10. The function of carbohydrates is to ___________________

1. store and transmit genetic information
2. provide the main source of energy for all living things
3. control the rate of chemical reactions
4. act as a layer of insulation

11. The function of some proteins is to ___________________

1. store and transmit genetic information
2. provide the main source of energy for all living things
3. control the rate of chemical reactions
4. act as a layer of insulation

12. The function of an enzyme is to ___________________

1. slow down chemical reactions
2. speed up chemical reactions
3. store and transmit genetic information
4. store energy for later

13. The work of the cell is carried out primarily by proteins, most of which are _____________.        

1. fats
2. producers
3. enzymes
4. consumers

14. Temperature and pH can affect enzyme activity.

1. true
2. false

15. At what pH level is the “yellow” (middle) enzyme activity the highest?

1. 2
2. 5
3. 7
4. 14

16. What are the four macromolecules found in cells? (Circle ALL correct answers)

1. Nitrogen
2. Proteins
3. Carbohydrates
4. Bacteria
5. Nucleic Acids
6. Lipids

17. Which organic macromolecule is shown in diagram A below?

1. nucleic acid
2. carbohydrate
3. lipid
4. protein

18. Which organic macromolecule is shown in diagram E?

1. nucleic acid
2. carbohydrate
3. lipid
4. protein

19. Describe how cells and organisms respond to changes in their environment to maintain homeostasis. (You could use the regulation of blood glucose as an example.)

20. List the four organic macromolecules.

21. Pick two macromolecules. Contrast them in terms of structure AND function.

1. The two macromolecules that I will contrast are:

2. Comment on the structure of both (what are they made up of?):

3. Comment on the function of both (what do they do?):

22. Explain why athletes often feel exhaustion after a competition.

4. Which macromolecule is important in maintaining an athlete's energy levels?

5. What are some healthy foods that an athlete could eat in order to have the most energy for the competition?

23. A company wants to build a factory near the Mississippi river. It needs to be by the river because the factory will use river water to cool their equipment. When cold river water (0 C – 27 C) passes by hot machines (80 C – 90 C), the heat goes from the machine to the water. The water is now warm and is returned to the river. Many water-dwelling animals (such as clams, fish, crayfish, etc.) are cold blooded, which means their body temperature will be the same temperature as the water. Also, nearly all animals use enzymes to digest food.

1. Predict what will happen to the enzymes in the animals as the water temperature increases. Explain your answer.

2. Propose regulations or limits regarding what the factory must do to the water before it is returned to the river. Defend your regulations. For example,One regulation or limit could be _________________.The reason(s) I think this is:

24. Some contact lenses need to be cleaned in an enzyme solution. A student notices that if she warms the enzyme bath, it takes less time to clean her contacts. She conducts an experiment on the effect of temperature and time to clean her contacts.

1. Use your knowledge of enzymes to explain the results of the student’s experiment.

2. Use your knowledge of enzymes to predict the time it will take to clean the contacts if the bath is boiling (100 C). Defend your prediction.

Unit 1 Summative Assessment KEY

1. Homeostasis is the process that organisms:

1. only use when they are in danger.
2. only use when they are first born.
3. use to keep their internal conditions unbalanced.
4. use to keep their internal conditions relatively balanced.

2. Negative feedback occurs when (circle the two correct answers below):

1. the response is opposite of the stimulus (reduces the stimulus)
2. the response continues to be amplified (increases the stimulus)
3. the uterus contracts during the birth of a baby
4. a heating system keeping the temperature of a room at a designated set-point

3. “Polysaccharide” is a general term for complex carbohydrates. What does the prefix poly- mean?

1. self
2. one
3. many
4. above
5. below

4. Someone who is hypoglycemic might benefit from a glass of orange juice. What does the prefix hypo- mean?

1. self
2. one
3. many
4. above
5. below

5. What happens immediately after you eat an apple?

1. blood glucose levels drop, and insulin is released from the pancreas.
2. blood glucose levels increase, and insulin is released from the pancreas.
3. blood glucose levels stay the same.

6. Carbohydrates, such as glycogen, are made up of _____________.        

1. amino acids
2. simple sugars
3. nucleic acids
4. lipids

7. Which organic macromolecule is made up of amino acids?        

1. nucleic acid
2. carbohydrate
3. lipid
4. protein

8. What are the main elements found in cells?

1. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur
2. Carbon, calcium, mercury
3. Glucose, carbon, potassium, calcium, sulfur, mercury
4. Carbon, hydrogen, silver, oxygen

9. Type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis are disorders that are thought to occur when the body’s immune system produces proteins (called antibodies) that attack the body’s own cells and tissues. Therefore, these diseases are sometimes classified as _____________.        

1. autoimmune
2. negative feedback
3. positive feedback
4. homeostasis

10. The function of carbohydrates is to ___________________

1. store and transmit genetic information
2. provide the main source of energy for all living things
3. control the rate of chemical reactions
4. act as a layer of insulation

11. The function of some proteins is to ___________________

1. store and transmit genetic information
2. provide the main source of energy for all living things
3. control the rate of chemical reactions
4. act as a layer of insulation

12. The function of an enzyme is to ___________________

1. slow down chemical reactions
2. speed up chemical reactions
3. store and transmit genetic information
4. store energy for later

13. The work of the cell is carried out primarily by proteins, most of which are _____________.        

1. fats
2. producers
3. enzymes
4. consumers

14. Temperature and pH can affect enzyme activity.

1. true
2. false

15. At what pH level is the “yellow” enzyme activity the highest?

1. 2
2. 5
3. 7
4. 14

16. What are the four macromolecules found in cells? (Circle ALL correct answers)

1. Nitrogen
2. Proteins
3. Carbohydrates
4. Bacteria
5. Nucleic Acids
6. Lipids

17. Which organic macromolecule is shown in diagram A below?

1. nucleic acid
2. carbohydrate
3. lipid
4. protein

18. Which organic macromolecule is shown in diagram E?

1. nucleic acid
2. carbohydrate
3. lipid
4. protein

19. Describe how cells and organisms respond to changes in their environment to maintain homeostasis. (You could use the regulation of blood glucose as an example.)

There are many things organisms do to maintain homeostasis. For example, humans attempt to maintain their body temperature by sweating when they get too hot and shivering when they get too cold.

Organisms respond to changes in blood sugar to maintain homeostasis. For example, if blood glucose is high after a meal, the pancreas secretes insulin so that your cells can absorb the glucose. As blood glucose drops, the pancreas secretes glucagon to unlock glycogen in the liver. The pancreas then secretes insulin and the process starts all over again

20. List the four organic macromolecules.

nucleic acid

carbohydrate

lipid

protein

21. Pick two macromolecules. Contrast them in terms of structure AND function.

1. The two macromolecules that I will contrast are:

2. Comment on the structure of both (what are they made up of?):

3. Comment on the function of both (what do they do?):

Nucleic Acids - These are made of nucleotides; they store and transmit our genetic information. Carbohydrates - These are composed of simple sugars; they are the main source of energy for living things. Proteins - These are composed of amino acids; they work to regulate the processes in our body and help fight disease. Lipids – These are composed of fatty acids; they help to insulate our body, and they can store energy for long periods of time.

22. Explain why athletes often feel exhaustion after a competition.

1. Which macromolecule is important in maintaining an athlete's energy levels?

Athletes often feel exhaustion after a competition because the levels of glycogen in their muscles drop, so they have very little energy. Carbohydrates, especially complex carbohydrates, are important in maintaining an athlete's energy levels.

2. What are some healthy foods that an athlete could eat in order to have the most energy for the competition?

Some foods that the athlete could eat before the competition would be pasta, whole grain bread, or oatmeal to provide complex carbohydrates and give the athlete long term energy.

23. A company wants to build a factory near the Mississippi river. It needs to be by the river because the factory will use river water to cool their equipment. When cold river water (0 C – 27 C) passes by hot machines (80 C – 90 C), the heat goes from the machine to the water. The water is now warm and is returned to the river. Many water-dwelling animals (such as clams, fish, crayfish, etc.) are cold blooded, which means their body temperature will be the same temperature as the water. Also, nearly all animals use enzymes to digest food.

1. Predict what will happen to the enzymes in the animals as the water temperature increases. Explain your answer.

Enzymes have specific temperatures in which they work the best. If the factory is built, the water temperature will increase making the enzymes denature (not work as well). The animals which live in the river close to the factory will not be able to survive if their enzymes are not working to their optimal potential. The animals will have to move or risk dying.

2. Propose regulations or limits regarding what the factory must do to the water before it is returned to the river. Defend your regulations. For example,One regulation or limit could be _________________.The reason(s) I think this is:

One regulation or limit could be how hot the water returning to the river can be. For example, maybe they are only allowed to change the river water by 2 degrees. The reason I think this is if the water is changed too quickly by the factory, it will instantly kill many of the animals who are cold blooded such as the clams, fish and crayfish.

24. Some contact lenses need to be cleaned in an enzyme solution. A student notices that if she warms the enzyme bath, it takes less time to clean her contacts. She conducts an experiment on the effect of temperature and time to clean her contacts.

1. Use your knowledge of enzymes to explain the results of the student’s experiment.

The enzymes work best at a warm temperature, between 30 C and 40 C. They don't work as well in cold, room temperature or very hot water.

2. Use your knowledge of enzymes to predict the time it will take to clean the contacts if the bath is boiling (100 C). Defend your prediction.

According to the graph it is taking an extra 20 min. going from 50 - 60 C, so with every 10 degrees taking an extra 20 min. the wash time for 100 C would be 110 min.