Evolution

Pre Assessment

Questions #1-9 are matching. Chose the correct answer from the word bank provided below, and write the letter on the space provided on the left. Not all words will be used.

Word Bank:

1. _____ A body part that seems to no longer have a purpose within the organism. (Ex. Human appendix)
2. _____ He was the first scientist to publish his findings on natural selection and evolution.
3. _____ The link between two species that have similar DNA and characteristics.
4. _____ Body parts that are similar in origin and structure. (Ex. Cat front leg, horse front leg, fox front leg)
5. _____ Documents changes in past life on Earth. Consists of remains or imprints of once-living organisms.
6. _____ An unexpected change in an organism's DNA. Can be harmful or beneficial to the organism.
7. _____ Organisms that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce.
8. _____ A form of evolution in which one species slowly changes into another because of isolation.
9. _____ A group of organisms that can mate with one another to produce fertile offspring. 

Questions #10-35 are multiple choice. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided on the left.

10. _____ All living things inherit similar traits from their

1. Offspring
2. Descendants
3. Ancestors
4. Siblings

11. _____ How has selective breeding benefited farmers and the agricultural industry?

1. Allows them to grow crops that are more drought resistant
2. Allows them to grow crops that can be insect resistant
3. Allows them to grow crops that yield more produce
4. All of the above

12. _____ What is genetic engineering?

1. Inducing a mutation in an organism that is harmful to the population, to eliminate that species
2. Creating a new species in the laboratory that would be beneficial to us
3. Modification of genes in an organism, or transferring genes from type of organism to another
4. Changing the organism from one type of an animal into another because one is more desirable

13. _____ If a mutation occurs within a species that changes the population within in a short period of time, this is knows as

1. Gradualism
2. Punctuated equilibrium
3. Speciation
4. Expedited evolution

14. _____ If two organism have similar DNA and traits, they probably share a common

1. Environment
2. Fossil
3. Ancestor
4. Population

15. _____ The process by which an individual organism is made from a complete set of a single ancestor’s DNA is called

1. Genetic engineering
2. Cloning
3. Evolution
4. Genetic Drift

16. _____ Which individuals in a population are most likely to survive and reproduce?

1. Organisms that are the best adapted
2. Organisms that are the biggest
3. Organisms that have a mutation
4. Organism that are the smartest

17. _____ What are two pieces of evidence that different species may have a common ancestor?

1. Similar DNA and traits
2. Similar traits and coloring
3. Similar coloring and behaviors
4. Similar behaviors and environment

18. _____ Where do we find fossils?

1. Metamorphic rock
2. Sedimentary rock
3. Igneous rock
4. In all of the different kinds of rock

19. _____ What is a fossil?

1. Tracks or footprints from a living organism found in metamorphic rock
2. Remains or imprint from a living organism found in metamorphic rock
3. Remains or imprint of a once-living organism found in layers of rock
4. Bones left over from the once-living organism found in igneous rock

20. _____ The fossil record gives us evidence to support what?

1. Evolution
2. Biology
3. What minerals are found on Earth
4. How old the Earth is

21. _____ Where have scientists found evidence for evolution?

1. Layers of the Earth
2. Oceans
3. Books written by other scientists
4. It is only a hypothesis, no evidence has been found

22. _____ What is similar about the following structures: bat wing, dolphin front flipper, dog front leg, and a human arm?

1. They are also similar to insect wings and spider legs
2. They have similar kinds of bones
3. They are used for the same purpose
4. They have nothing in common

23. _____ Evolution occurs

1. Always over a short period of time
2. Only sometimes in specific groups of organisms
3. Over many generations
4. Always over a long period of time

24. _____ Why are offspring not identical to their parents or their siblings?

1. Genetics
2. Adaptation
3. Reproduction
4. Inherited variation

25. _____ When an organism is better suited to its environment, which increases its survival rate, this is known as

1. Reproduction
2. Inherited variation
3. Genetics
4. Adaptation

26. _____ When a species physical behavior or appearance changes over time, in response to changes in the environment, this is known as what?

1. Mutation
2. Genetic drift
3. Evolution
4. Genetic variation

27. _____ When an organisms is better adapted to its environment and increases its reproductive rate compared to other organisms of the same species, this is called what?

1. Evolution
2. Genetic drift
3. Natural selection
4. Sexual selection

28. _____ Charles Darwin first theorized back in the early 1800’s that organisms that were better suited to their environment would have an advantage over other individuals of the same species and would be more likely to survive. What is his theory called?

1. Evolution
2. Biology
3. Genetics
4. Natural Selection

29. _____ Which of the following is an example of natural selection?

1. Duck that survives longer because it learns to eat bread given to it by humans.
2. Giraffe develops a long neck because it cannot eat the leaves high up in the trees, and it needs to have a longer neck to survive.
3. Mice that live in the desert passing their light coloring to their offspring because that trait helps them to better blend in to their environment
4. Human passes the long eyelash trait to its offspring because people are attracted to long eyelashes and the parents want their child to have long eyelashes.

30. _____ What is an adaptation?

1. It improves the organisms ability to change colors and hide
2. It helps the organism to become a fossil to be studies by scientists
3. It improves the organisms ability to reproduce and survive
4. It improves the organisms ability to grow and develop

31. _____ Which of the following is a way that genes (alleles) are transferred from one population to another?

1. Gene flow
2. Evolution
3. Natural selection
4. Sexual selection

32. When can extinction occur in a population?

1.  When it gets above 110 degrees.
2. When an animal develops a new trait that no longer allows it to live at a certain temperature.
3. When there is a change in the environment and the population of organisms are unable to adapt.
4. When a change in the environment causes a population of organisms to move to a new location.

33. _____ What happens during speciation?

1. Begins with a mutation in a small portion of the population which is advantageous to the species and then continues to be reappear in the next generations.
2. When a new species appears on the Earth in a short amount of time.
3. Begins by a portion of the population becoming physically or geographically isolated.  
4. Starts when a group of organisms start mating with another species and create genetically different offspring.

34. _____ How do we know when speciation has occurred?

1. The two populations can no longer breed with each other
2. The two populations still look the same, but now have very different DNA
3. The two populations are geographically isolated and cannot find one another
4. The two populations no longer look the same and have different coloring

35. _____ What is a trait?

1. A specific characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring
2. A belonging or treasure that is given from parent to offspring
3. A birthmark that is seen at birth then disappears until it is passed to the next generation
4. A unique characteristic or mannerism that only that individual processes and cannot be passed on to future offspring.

Questions #36-42 are fill in the blank. Chose a word from the word bank below to complete the sentence. A word will only be used once, and not all words will be used.

Word Bank:

36. Bacteria that survive an initial dose of antibiotics are more likely to multiply and pass their traits onto the new bacteria that are antibiotic ____________________________.
37. Farmers and animal breeders chose to breed plants and animals with desirable traits in a process known as ____________________________.
38. An example of ____________________________ is when a mate is chosen for a flashy color (trait) that is otherwise harmful to the animal and is then passed to its offspring.
39. One way that new traits are introduced into a population is by____________________________. These new traits can be beneficial or harmful to the organism.
40. When a species changes over many generations through natural selection, sexual selection, or genetic change is knows as ____________________________.
41. When a group of organisms becomes isolated from members of that same species and begins to change, the process of ____________________________ is underway.
42. Scientists draw tree diagrams to illustrate the relationship between modern organisms and their ____________________________.

Questions #43-44 are essay questions. Write in complete sentences, and answer all questions as completely and thoroughly as possible.

43. Describe the three evolutionary process that cause species to change over time. Give examples of all three processes.

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44. How are homologous structures, common ancestry, and DNA related?

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