Name: Michelle Starting date: 1/9/17

Research Action Plan Template

Research question:

How did the rise of Shogunates affect culture and society in modern Japan?

Sub-question: How did these wars affect economic growth and social changes?

Statement of Inquiry: Time, place, and space affect the cultural elements of a society.

Key concept: Time, place, and space

Related concepts: Culture & Globalization

Check list for a good question:

- Why do I want to research this question?

- Is it too general? /is it too narrow?

- Does it relate to the key concept?

- Is it useful to understand the statement of inquiry better?

- Can the research question be answered through research?

Research step by step

1 Use our library to research effectively: KAS Destiny Catalog or KAS Library site

Words you will enter in web searches/ you will mention to our librarian:

shogunate/shogun	political power	government structure
government	daimyo

2 Gathering source information (at least 2 sources plus the textbook):

Source Name:

Summarise in my words:

Support for / Against my thesis (quotes, ideas, statements) TAKE ALL NOTES HERE

Date read

(Source 1)

"How did the rise of the Shogunates change Japanese society?" Prezi.com. N.p., 24 Nov. 2014. Web. 10 Jan. 2017.

Shogun

A general or military governor
They have major land ownings
A title that was granted by the emperor

Before the Shogun arrived

Heian Period: considered the peak of Japanese imperial court.
Land ownership, political and military power was shared between the emperor and the lords or barons.

Early shogunate period:

Military leader named Minamoto Yoritomo had the emperor delegate him as “shogun”.
Members of Japan’s military slowly became more powerful than court officials.
The shoguns imposed a strict Feudal System: the emperor on top (though didn’t have any power), followed by shoguns, then the daimyo, the samurais, the peasants, and lastly, the merchants and artisans.

Final shogunate period:

The Tokugawa clan took the title of Shogun.
Lasted until 1867, when tokugawa was forced to resign as Shogun.
Gave power back to the Emperor Meiji.

Benefits from the Shoguns:

Tokugawa shoguns lead to 250 years of unprecedented peace and order in Japan.
Dramatic changes being made including commercial development, rise in commerce, urban growth, and renewed cultural significance.

1.10.2017

(Source 2)

History Alive - The Medieval World and Beyond

How geography affect on samurai's’ armor:

Geography-

The Japanese islands are covered by mountains, most of them heavily forested, and crisscrossed by short, swift rivers.

Armor-

Armor was made of rows of small, lacquer coated metal plates that were laced together with colorful silk cords. This type of armor was strong yet flexible enough for the samurai to move freely.

Weapons-

Samurai fought with bows and arrows, spears and swords, required for long range fighting.

Wars in medieval time boost up how they respect each other:

First, messengers from opposing sides met to determine the time and place of combat. Then the two armies faced each other a few hundred yards apart. Samurai on both sides shouted out their names, ancestors, heroic deeds, and reason for fighting. Finally, the armies charged at each other, with mounted samurai firing arrows as they urged their horses forward.
Samurai found opponents who were matched in rank. They would then try to knock them off their horses, wrestle them to the ground, and kill them.

1.11.2017

(Source 3)

Dustin Maxam | 2.1 Snapshots August 2012 Keywords: Government Censorship, Historic Trends, Japanese History, Japanese literature, Research paper, World War 2. "Japanese Literature: Effects of War and History." Japanese Literature: Effects of War and History - EM-Journal. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2017.

Tokugawa period - 1603-1868:

1500s: power was decentralized in Japan, which was torn apart by wars between daimyo for nearly a century.
Following his victory in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, however, Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) swiftly consolidated power from his heavily fortified castle at Edo (now Tokyo).
The largely powerless imperial court named Ieyasu as shogun in 1603, beginning Tokugawa period.

Europe & Japan:

Mid-sixteenth century: Portuguese sailors accidently came to Japan, and became the first Europeans to set foot on this island.
The Spanish soon followed, and eventually the Dutch and the British found their way to Japan too.
European merchants established trade by buying and selling goods among the various Asian nations.
Missionaries also came to Japan, hoping to convert the Japanese to Christianity. (but Christian didn’t last long)

From Medieval to Early Modern Japan:

Low ranking samurai had long observes that the system of rank and office under the Tokugawa had become entirely hereditary: ( one born in a lower ranking family could never rise to the position of any power or wealth)
Many lower ranking samurai felt they were more worthy to maintain power, and weren't afraid to speak their minds.
Bad crop harvests in the 1830s resulted in widespread of disease and death. However, the officials failed to provide help and protection to the peasants, causing big rebellions.
Japanese leaders watched nervously as the great Qing empire in China was destroyed by the British in the first Opium Wars of 1839-1842. Afterward, China was “carved up like a melon” by the other Western powers.
The Japanese had already fended off advances by the Russians in the 1790s and early 1800s and by the British in the 1820s.
By the 1840s, America tried to open up Japan.
In 1853, Fillmore, U.S. president demanded that Japan agree to trade and diplomatic relations with the United States. The shogun was given a half-year to consider this request.
Observers, especially powerful daimyo, saw that the shogunate not only had no new ideas how to handle the foreign threat, they can’t even handle the domestic problems destroying the country.
In the end, shogunal officials agreed, in spite of the emperor’s disapproval, to sign trade and diplomatic treaties with the United States.
Plans to overthrow the Tokugawa began in the 1860s. Samurai made direct attacks on foreigners in Japan, resulting in several international incidents.
January 1868: combined military forces of the domains of Satsuma and Choshu marched into Kyoto, took control of the imperial palace, and demand the restoration of the emperor and end the Tokugawa shogunate.
Court nobles and daimyo would form a new government to replace the old one.
The last shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, retreated to Edo. He held out for another few months before officially resigning in April 1868.

Influence on Modern Japan:

World War II: Japanese soldiers brought antique samurai swords into battle and made suicidal “banzai” attacks according to the bushido principle of death before dishonor or defeat.

They would suicide themselves by driving planes to aircraft carrier to bomb them.
To honor their ancestors, they held samurai swords which mark their level.

At war’s end, Japan again drew on its strong sense of honor, –not the daimyos and shoguns of the past, but the emperor and the country–in order to rebuild itself and reemerge as one of the world’s greatest economic and industrial powers in the later 20th century.

1.12.2017

(Source 4)

Rubinger, Richard, Popular Literacy in Early Modern Japan (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2007).

Sansom, G.B., Japan: A Short Cultural History (New York: Century, 1932).

Totman, Conrad, Japan Before Perry: A Short History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981).

Growth in Agricultural Production and Population:

Warring States period: agricultural production grew.
Production increased by about 70 percent (1450 and 1600)
Growth continued into the early Tokugawa period.
From 1600 and 1720, peasants not only farmed more land, they continued to increase their land’s productivity.
The overall growth in agricultural productivity caused a rise in the general well-being of the people: this trend can be seen in the significant rise in population during the seventeenth century.
The growth of economy was the key factor in Japan’s rapid industrialization in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Growth in Market and Trades:

The road system was expanded and improved under Tokugawa rule.
Shipping networks on sea routes were also expanded. (especially those linking the major commercial centers in western and eastern Japan)
Growth in the use of money.
Tokugawa Ieyasu and his immediate successors worked to systematize the production of money and standardize its value: This greatly made trading easier.
Regional and domainal capitals were linked by good roads. Smaller market towns and settlements grew along these roads.
Local areas developed specialty goods and products. These goods were shipped throughout Japan, supplying the economy.

1.15.2017

Summary of research

Rise of the Shogun - 1185-1199:

In 1192, Minamoto Yoritomo became the first "Shogun", the highest military governor. But he did not, in the end, restore true power to the emperors. Instead, he began the line of the Shogunate, which would become a hereditary position. The Shoguns continue to hold true power, instead of emperors, for most of the next 800 years. It began the true age of samurai, daimyo and shogun, one of the most well-known events when it comes to medieval Japan.

Tokugawa period - 1603-1868:

During the 1500s, power was decentralized in Japan, which was torn apart by wars between daimyo for nearly a century. Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) swiftly consolidated power, and became the shogun, marking the start of Tokugawa period (Edo period).

Growth in Agricultural Production and Population:

During the Warring States period, agricultural production grew. Production increased by about 70 percent from 1450 and 1600. Growth continued into the early Tokugawa period. From 1600 and 1720, peasants not only farmed more land, they continued to increase their land’s productivity. The overall growth in agricultural productivity caused a rise in the general well-being of the people. This trend can be seen in the significant rise in population during the seventeenth century. The growth of economy was the key factor in Japan’s rapid industrialization in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Growth in Market and Trades:

Increased agricultural production and population growth provided the base for the growth in trade that leads to transportation networks. The road system was expanded and improved under Tokugawa rule. Shipping networks on sea routes were also expanded, especially those linking the major commercial centers in western and eastern Japan. Along with growth in trade came growth in the use of money. Tokugawa Ieyasu and his immediate successors worked to systematize the production of money and standardize its value. In turn, this greatly made trading easier. These factors made up a well-developed local and national economy. Regional and domainal capitals were linked by good roads. Smaller market towns and settlements grew along these roads. Local areas developed specialty goods and products. These goods were shipped throughout Japan, supplying the economy.

Europeans in Japan:

Portuguese sailors accidently came to Japan mid-sixteenth century, and became the first Europeans to set foot on this island. The Spanish soon followed, and eventually the Dutch and the British found their way to Japan too. European merchants established trade by buying and selling goods among the various Asian nations. Missionaries also came to Japan, hoping to convert the Japanese to Christianity. But Christian didn’t last long in Japan.

From Medieval to Early Modern Japan:

Low ranking samurai had long observes that the system of rank and office under the Tokugawa had become entirely hereditary. One born in a lower ranking family could never rise to the position of any power or wealth. Moreover, many lower ranking samurai felt they were more worthy to maintain power, and weren't afraid to speak their minds.

Bad crop harvests in the 1830s resulted in widespread of disease and death. However, the officials failed to provide help and protection to the peasants, causing big rebellions. At the same time, Japanese leaders watched nervously as the great Qing empire in China was destroyed by the British in the first Opium Wars of 1839-1842. Afterward, China was “carved up like a melon” by the other Western powers. The Japanese had already fended off advances by the Russians in the 1790s and early 1800s and by the British in the 1820s. By the 1840s, America tried to open up Japan. In 1853, Fillmore, U.S. president demanded that Japan agree to trade and diplomatic relations with the United States. The shogun was given a half-year to consider this request. Observers, especially powerful daimyo, saw that the shogunate not only had no new ideas how to handle the foreign threat, they can’t even handle the domestic problems destroying the country. In the end, shogunal officials agreed, in spite of the emperor’s disapproval, to sign trade and diplomatic treaties with the United States. Plans to overthrow the Tokugawa began in the 1860s. Samurai made direct attacks on foreigners in Japan, resulting in several international incidents. Finally, in January 1868, combined military forces of the domains of Satsuma and Choshu marched into Kyoto, took control of the imperial palace, and demand the restoration of the emperor and end the Tokugawa shogunate. Court nobles and daimyo would form a new government to replace the old one. The last shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, retreated to Edo. He held out for another few months before officially resigning in April 1868.

Influence on Modern Japan:

During World War II, Japanese soldiers brought antique samurai swords into battle and made suicidal “banzai” attacks according to the bushido principle of death before dishonor or defeat. For example, they would suicide themselves by driving planes to aircraft carrier to bomb them. To honor their ancestors, they held samurai swords which mark their level. At war’s end, Japan again drew on its strong sense of honor, –not the daimyos and shoguns of the past, but the emperor and the country–in order to rebuild itself and reemerge as one of the world’s greatest economic and industrial powers in the later 20th century.

3 Evaluate sources OPVL (OPVL Chart)

➽The bibliography page should always be the last page of your essay, report or presentation.

➽Sources should be organized alphabetically by the first word or name in the entry.

➽Write a short paragraph about your sources that identifies the author and their purpose, then analyse the source in terms of it timeliness, objectivity, and accuracy in order to evaluate the values and limitations of the source and make a conclusion about it's validity.

Source	Analysis OPVL
(Source 1)	Origin: Was the article written at the time? no Or was it written later? yes Nationality of the journalist? I don’t know In which newspaper did it originally appeared? It is on prezi. Purpose: The interpretation of that time. Value: Insightful analysis of events and policies. Limitation: Does not show the evidence to support assertions.
(Source 2)	Origin: Nationality of the historian? American Universities Where was it published? United States of America When was it published? 2005 Purpose: For students of history and for the general public interested in history. Value: Thoroughly researched. Access to a wide range of sources and evidence. Limitations: Topic may have been only briefly researched because it is only a small part of general history text.
(Source 3)	Origin: Was the article written at the time? No Or was it written later? Yes Nationality of the journalist? Don’t know In which newspaper did it originally appeared? It appears on google.(websites) Purpose: The interpretation of that time. Value: Insightful analysis of events and policies. Limitation:
(Source 4)	Origin: Was the article written at the time? no Or was it written later? yes Nationality of the journalist? I don’t know In which newspaper did it originally appeared? On google websites. Purpose: The interpretation of that time. Value: Insightful analysis of events and policies. Limitation: Does not show the evidence to support assertions

Criteria D3

4 Answer the research question.

In the box below, summarize the answer to your research question.

Question: How did the rise of Shogunates affect culture and society in modern Japan?

5 Check on my research process, I have…

➽ collected a variety of information (not just websites, or same type of websites)

➽ used a substantial amount of facts and examples

➽ used evidence to answer my research question

➽ addressed all elements of the research question, including sub-questions

➽ clearly stated a conclusion to the research by answering the question

6 Reflection- A time to reflect and look back on your process. (B4)

What did you learn throughout the process of doing your summative?

I learn the importance of time, place and, space. How the rise of shogunate affect the whole Japan history. How wars can affect/ improve economy and political power. All the important conflicts happening in Medieval Japan. And the influence to the future Japan.

What challenges did you have?

At first, my research question was too limited. It was hard for me to find a “professional website”, and couldn’t get the right information to fully answer my question. I realized all sources are prezi or unknown websites, which is not relevant when doing research projects. Therefore, I had a hard time completing section 2.

How did you overcome the challenges?

After the discussion with Mr. Keisker, I slightly changed my research question, making the topic wider. (as well as adding in the concept of time, place, and space) Not only did I not waste my previous research, but also gained a larger variety of topics to talk about.

From this activity I have learned that I did well in organizing informations and decorating the poster to make it more attractive. Such as breaking up text and adding headings to make it easier and more intimidating to read. I also did well in organizing informations I researched, and summarize them into an easier version.

I could improve my performance by adding more information for my research question. Since I was struggling at first, it took up my time doing further research. Moreover, I could have add in more details about time, place, and space, to relate my project more to this unit.