1.        Some incandescent light bulbs are filled with argon gas. What is vrms for argon atoms near the filament, assuming their temperature is 2500 K?

2.        Average atomic and molecular speeds (vrms) are large, even at low temperatures. What is vrms for helium atoms at
5.00 K, just one degree above helium’s liquefaction temperature?

3.        What is the average kinetic energy, in joules, of hydrogen atoms on the 5500 °C surface of the Sun?

4.        What is the average kinetic energy of helium atoms in a region of the solar corona where the temperature is
6.00 × 104 K?

5.        The escape velocity of any object from Earth is 11.2 km/s. At what temperature would oxygen molecules (molecular mass is equal to 32.0 g/mol) have an average velocity vrms equal to Earth’s escape velocity of 11.1 km/s?
(HINT: Convert this speed to m/s.)

6.        The escape velocity from the Moon is much smaller than from Earth and is only 2.38 km/s. At what temperature would hydrogen molecules (molecular mass is equal to 2.016 g/mol) have an average velocity vrms equal to the Moon’s escape velocity? (HINT: Convert this speed to m/s.)

7.        Nuclear fusion, the energy source of the Sun, hydrogen bombs, and fusion reactors, occurs much more readily when the average kinetic energy of the atoms is high—that is, at high temperatures. Suppose you want the atoms in your fusion experiment to have average kinetic energies of 6.4 × 10-14 J. What temperature is needed?

8.        Suppose that the average velocity (vrms) of carbon dioxide molecules (molecular mass is equal to 44.0 g/mol) in a flame is found to be  1.05 × 105 m/s. What temperature does this represent?

9.        Find the root-mean-square speed of a methane gas molecule (CH4) at 25.0°C.

10.        A 7.00-L vessel contains 3.50 moles of ideal gas at a pressure of 1.60 × 106 Pa. Find the average kinetic energy of a gas molecule in the vessel. (HINT: Find the temperature of the gas using the Ideal Gas Law.)