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Inquiry Summary: Student-Centered Learning
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How Can I Support Student-Centered Learning in my Classroom?

Summary of my Learning

By: Paige Mitchell

What does student-centered learning mean?

There are a multitude of definitions you can find with a quick google search.

The definition wikipedia offers, says that student-centered learning is a term that “broadly encompasses methods of teaching that shift the focus of instruction from the teacher to the student.

The Glossary of Educational Reform goes into more detail with it’s definition. It says that student-centered learning “refers to a wide variety of educational programs,learning experiences, instructional approaches, and academic-support strategies that are intended to address the distinct learning needs, interests, aspirations, or cultural backgrounds of individual students and groups of students.” The definition is accompanied by a list of “fundamental characteristics” of student-centered learning:

  1. Teaching and learning is “personalized,” meaning that it addresses the distinct learning needs, interests, aspirations, or cultural backgrounds of individual students.
  2. Students advance in their education when they demonstrate they have learned the knowledge and skills they are expected to learn (for a more detailed discussion, see proficiency-based learning).
  3. Students have the flexibility to learn “anytime and anywhere,” meaning that student learning can take place outside of traditional classroom and school-based settings, such as through work-study programs or online courses, or during nontraditional times, such as on nights and weekends.
  4. Students are given opportunities to make choices about their own learning and contribute to the design of learning experiences.

These are the definitions I used as I blogged my learning. As I said there are more, which I will include here.

Maryellen Weimer, PhD, outlines five characteristics:

  1. Learner-centered teaching engages students in the hard, messy work of learning.
  2. Learner-centered teaching includes explicit skill instruction.
  3. Learner-centered teaching encourages students to reflect on what they are learning and how they are learning it.
  4. Learner-centered teaching motivates students by giving them some control over learning processes.
  5. Learner-centered teaching encourages collaboration.

Another powerful definition can be found in “The Student-Centered Classroom” by Leo Jones. He has written an entire document on the subject matter and it begins with defining student-centered learning and the ideas behind it. He says:

We don’t want our students to become people who:

And adds:

A student-centered approach helps students to develop a “can-do” attitude. It is effective, motivating, and enjoyable. This booklet sets out to discuss how this approach can be implemented. It also deals with the problems that may arise.”

If you’re wondering if your classroom is student-centered, or just how student-centered it is, check out this edutopia post that asks: “How Student Centered Is Your Classroom?

My understanding of student-centered learning is a combination of all of these points. A deeper understanding of student-centered learning means digging into each of these definitions and tying them to practice. To me student-centered learning is about giving students a relevant and engaging education. It is about having students take control of their learning, so that it is as effective at preparing them for the rest of their life as it can be. I need education to move away from memorizing facts and to move toward constructing transferable knowledge and critical thinking. I believe student-centered learning will help do that.

Why inquire into student-centered learning?

        I wanted to inquire into student-centered learning because I knew I believed in many of the ideas present in the above definitions. I wasn’t sure exactly what my inquiry question would be specifically, so I began with a very broad and vague ideas that I narrowed down. I’ve recently learned about and become greatly interested in inquiry-based learning and genius hour. Learning about these concepts/practices were like having lightbulbs pop on inside my head. They spoke to my philosophy, which I have been figuring out and fleshing out throughout my education. I didn’t have to ask myself why I liked them, why I wanted to use them in my teaching; I knew. It was because they are about the learner. These kinds of methods, which I now include under the umbrella of student-centered learning, are about making education work for or molding education around students, not the other way around. This was huge to me. This was what I sensed was missing in the education practices I knew of. I began to see this kind of teaching being modeled by some of my professors. So, I wanted to inquire into student-centered learning so that I could learn what I could do to make my teaching and classroom student-centered.

What are some strategies/activities to support student-centered learning?

  1. Write detailed lesson plans and give them to the students to execute
  2. 10 strategies for making student-centered learning work
  3. Literacy Circles
  4. The R.A.N strategy
  5. Inquiry projects
  6. Learning through games
  7. 60 strategies 
  8. Think-pair-share
  9. Learning/Response Logs
  10. Culturally Responsive Teaching
  1. Instruction
  2. Cultural Context
  1. Project-based Learning

There are many strategies and activities that could be added to this list and I will continue to add to the list as I learn. These are some of the things I’ve learned about while inquiring into how I can support student-centered learning in my classroom.

I have included a video below that show some strategies in action, which helped me see how the strategies can work and is something I will reference as I move forward. One piece of advice the teacher gives is to come to the class as a participant. Have your questions and responses ready, and be willing to go where the students take you. As she says, it is the student discussion, not yours.

How can assessment be student-centered?

        As with many of the sub-topics I have created here, I have a full blog post on student-centered assessment. I wasn’t searching for student-centered learning. Assessment is something that I used to cringe at, but I have opened my eyes to see how assessment can be constructive and indeed student-centered. Specific examples of different types of student-centered assessment are:

  1. Defining Student-Centered Assessment with Jeopardy 
  2. Process Portfolios
  3. Self-Assessment and a video
  4. Peer-Assessment and a video
  5. Exhibition
  6. Student-Led Conferences
  7. Involve students in creating rubrics
  8. Choice Boards for Differentiated Assessment

Examples of student-centered learning in action:

  1. Using Student Centered Strategies in the Chemistry Classroom - Karen Timberlake 
  2. The Flip: End of a Love Affair - Shelley Wright (also Chemistry)
  3. Navigating the Bumpy Road to Student-Centered Instruction
  4. Student Centered Classroom/Learning - A Guide (video)
  5. Strategies for Student-Centered Discussion (video)*
  6. Student-Centered Classroom (video)

*I highly recommend watching this video to see a classroom in action (so helpful!)

My English classroom example:

I am still just getting my feet wet with making my teaching student-centered. I have many opportunities ahead of me to put what I’ve learned into action. As of now, I have just completed my pre-internship, so I don’t have many experiences under my belt. During my pre-internship my theoretical background and personal philosophy came through in how I taught, but it was still another teacher’s class with routines and structure already set up. I did what I could with the time I had, the experience I had, and the agency I had.

My biggest success was in the journal project I had my B10 students do. This project asked students to be critical thinkers, access their background knowledge and personal perspective, and build up their project in a process.

Here is a description of the project and the rubric I used:

The journal project requires four journal entries that respond to prepared prompts. One of the journal entries is to be chosen to be revised and polished. You must have handed in rough drafts for each of your journal entries. Your final entry will include the first draft of your chosen journal entry, evidence of revision and editing, and a polished final draft.

The final draft should be free of errors and well organized. It should have a focused idea with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. It should include personal viewpoints with support for ideas.

Here is the link to the journal rubric that is used to assess student work.

Here is an additional example of a choice board and mini-unit outline for ELA 10. Choice boards give students choice in how they want to demonstrate their learning and are a great student-centered and differentiated activity and form of assessment.

My math classroom example:

As a math minor, I am also interested in ways to make my math classes student-centered. I didn’t have the opportunity to teach in a math class during my pre-internship, but I have created lesson plans that explore student-centered learning. I am looking forward to future opportunities to put these ideas into practice.

  1. Mathematics lesson plan dealing with spatial puzzles and pattern recognition
  2. Mathematics lesson plan identifying patterns and determining sets from collected data

Is student-centered teaching for you?

I know that it is for me. My inquiry has supported my beliefs and given me ways to put theory into practice. I would encourage others to look into it as well.

Blogging my Learning Process

  1. Inquiring into Student-Centered Learning
  2. Further Inquiry into Student-Centered Learning
  3. Student-Centered Assessment
  4. Student-Centered Instructional Strategies
  5. Encouraging Students to Ask Questions
  6. How my Inquiry and my Philosophy are Intertwined
  7. Student-Centered Learning in my Pre-Internship

Complete List of Resources

  1. The Student Centered Classroom by Leo Jones
  2. Five Characteristics of Learner-Centered Teaching by Maryellen Weimer, PhD.
  3. Five Steps to Create a Progressive, Student-Centered Classroom by Mark Barnes
  4. Five Ways to Make Your Classroom Student-Centered by Marcia Powell
  5. 10 Ways to Get Student Centered Learning Right
  6. Student-Centered Learning Environments: How and Why by Paul Bogdan
  7. Constructivism as a Paradigm for Teaching and Learning
  8. The power of student-driven learning: Shelley Wright at TEDxWestVancouverED (Video)

  9. The Glossary of Educational Reform: Student Centered Learning
  10. The Glossary of Educational Reform: Proficiency-Based Learning
  11. Comprehension and Collaboration: Inquiry Circles in Action by Harvey and Daniels
  12. Support Material: RAN chart
  13. Using the RAN strategy for Inquiry-Based Learning
  14. Strategies for Teaching Nonfiction Writing: The R.A.N Strategy (Video)
  15. Student-Centered vs. Teacher-Directed Learning (Video)
  16. Student-Led Conferences: A Growing Trend
  17. Empowering Students to Take Ownership of Learning
  18. Tests + Stress = Problems for Students
  19. Student-Centered Assessment Resources
  20. Student-Centered Assessment: Process Portfolio
  21. Student-Centered Instructional Strategies (Video)
  22. Indirect Instruction
  23. The Importance of Asking Questions to Promote Higher-Order Competencies
  24. The Role of Questions in Teaching, Thinking, and Learning
  25. Reading Rockets: Jigsaw Learning Activity
  26. What is Inquiry?
  27. How Student Centered Is Your Classroom?