Lesson 4.1 Teacher’s Guide

Get a hard copy of this table from your teacher. Below are the learning targets you are expected to master for this unit. Under each learning target is a number 1-4. As a pre-assessment, before the lesson begins, please circle the number that describes your current understanding of the learning target. Before the formative assessment, please draw a triangle around the number that describes your understanding of the learning target. Before the summative assessment, please draw a square around the number that describes your understanding of the learning target.

Learning Targets for Lesson 4.1

My self-assessment

1 - I have never seen this learning target before.

2 - I have seen this learning target, but I don't know what it means.

3 - I have seen this learning target, and I think I know what it means

4 - I can explain this learning target to another student.

I can explain the relationship between DNA, genes and chromosomes.

1 2 3 4

I can describe the process of DNA replication

1 2 3 4

Lesson 4.1 Vocabulary

Below are the terms you are expected to master for this unit. Under each term is a number 1-4. As a pre- assessment, before the lesson begins, please circle the number that describes your current understanding of the terms. Before the summative assessment, please draw a square around the number that describes your understanding of the terms.

As you go through the lesson, write a definition (in your own words) in the middle column, and complete the Extra Practice column according to the key.

Term

1 - I have never seen this term before.

2 - I have seen this term, but I don't know what it means.

3- I have seen this term, and I think I know what it means

4- I can explain this term and its meaning to another student.

Definition

Extra practice (see key below)

Prefixes and Suffixes: Find out what the word parts mean, then put them together.

Sentence: Use the term properly in a complete sentence.

Sketch: Draw a sketch of the term

Examples: Give examples of the term.

On your own: Choose another option or write an alternative definition using your prior knowledge.

1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

1 2 3 4

Sketch:

2. Double helix

1 2 3 4

Label the following - chromosome, gene, and DNA (double helix)

3. Gene

1 2 3 4

On your own;

4. Chromosomes

1 2 3 4

Sketch:

5. DNA Replication

1 2 3 4

FILL IN THE BLANK:

DNA base pairing rules:

__________ pairs with __________

Please write the complementary DNA strand on the line underneath the template strand:

5’-A T C C G G A T T T -3’

3’-__________________-5’

6. Nucleotides

1 2 3 4

EXAMPLES:

7. Nitrogenous bases

1 2 3 4

Examples:

Lesson 4.1 Activities

Click on the link below for all Lesson 4.1 Activities

Lesson 4.1 Activities

Additional online resources:

1) What is DNA? Tour of the basics: (requires Flash; will not run natively on iOS devices)

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/molecules/dna/

2) What is a gene? Tour of the basics: (requires Flash; will not run natively on iOS devices)

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/molecules/gene/

3) Build a DNA molecule (requires Flash; will not run natively on iOS devices)

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/molecules/builddna/

4) DNA the double helix (requires Flash; will not run natively on iOS devices)

http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/dna_double_helix/dnahelix.html

Links to Relatively Recent Research for Lesson 4.1

Scientists discover double meaning in genetic code

Discovery of Oldest DNA Scrambles Human Origins Picture

DNA

Scientists create first living organism containing artificial DNA

Links to information on a scientist for Lesson 4.1

Timeline

Rosalind Elsie Franklin: Pioneer Molecular Biologist

Discovery of DNA Double Helix: Watson and Crick

Lesson 4.1 Formative Assessment

Multiple Choice Questions:

____ 1. What stores information in a cell?

a.	proteins
b.	carbohydrates
c.	lipids
d.	DNA

____ 2. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?

a.	adenine + phosphate group + thymine
b.	cytosine + phosphate group + guanine
c.	deoxyribose + phosphate group + polymerase
d.	deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine

____ 3. Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of

a.	adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules.
b.	thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules
c.	adenine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of thymine molecules.
d.	cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine molecules.

____ 4. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,

a.	each with two new strands.
b.	one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
c.	each with one new strand and one original strand.
d.	each with two original strands.

____ 5. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases

a.	TCGAAC.
b.	GATCCA.
c.	AGCTTG.
d.	GAUCCA.

Short Answer Questions: Formative Assessment #1

Label the nucleus, chromosome, cell, DNA and gene in the picture below:

Chromosomes Deconstructed by JS / Public Domain

Describe each of the following:

DNA:____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Gene:___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chromosome:_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Why does DNA form chromosomes?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

DNA replication:

Part 1. What is DNA Replication and why does it have to occur?

Part 2.

1. Begin by writing in the complementary bases to the DNA strand to demonstrate understanding of the base pair rule.

2. Complete a drawing of step 2 and 3 below. Step 3 should show what it looks like after DNA replication

STEP 1

Description

image is own work

STEP 2

Description

STEP 3

Description

Lesson 4.1 Formative Assessment Key

Multiple Choice:

1) D 2) D 3) B 4) C 5)B

Short Answer:

1. nucleus

2. chromosome

3. cell

4. DNA

5. gene

DNA: A double stranded nucleic acid made up of nucleotides that contains the genetic information in a cell.

Gene: A small segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein (trait).

Chromosome: Coiled up strands of DNA

DNA replication

Part 1: DNA replication is when DNA makes a copy of itself. The DNA needs to replicate before a cell divides to ensure that all cells contain a complete set of genetic instructions.

Part 2:

Check drawings for accuracy.

Descriptions:

Step 1: Helicase unwinds and unzips the DNA molecule by breaking the bonds between the bases.

Step 2: DNA polymerase adds complementary DNA nucleotides to both old strands of the DNA molecule.

Step 3: Two molecules of DNA are formed. Each molecule contains one old strand and one new strand (semi-conservative model).