Genetics

Pre Assessment

Questions #1-25 are multiple choice. Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided on the left.

1. ______ Who is considered to be “the father of genetics”?

1. Erwin Chargaff
2. Robert Hooke
3. Francis Crick
4. Gregor Mendel

2. ______ The passing of traits from parents to offspring is

1. heredity                        
2. meiosis
3. probability                        
4. recessive

3. ______ Instructions for an inherited trait are called

1. Albinism
2. genes
3. phenotype
4. tRNA

4. ______ When one allele totally hides another allele, it is an example of

1. incomplete dominance
2. complete dominance
3. hide-n-go seek
4. heterozygous

5. ______ Who is more likely to be color-blind (a sex-linked trait), males or females?

1. Males
2. Females
3. Both
4. neither

6. ______ Why do sex-linked disorders occur more often in males?

1. Males have two X and one Y chromosome
2. Males have two Y chromosomes
3. Males only have one X chromosome
4. Males have two X chromosomes

7. ______ Genes are found on

1. alleles                        
2. anthers
3. chromosomes                
4. proteins        

8. ______ Different forms of the same gene are known as        

1. chromosomes                
2. sex cells
3. alleles                
4. genotypes

9. ______ An organism’s genotype is its

1. genetic makeup                        
2. stem height
3. physical appearance
4. feather color

10. ______ The organism’s appearance, or the expression of the trait is known as its

1. heredity                                                
2. genotype
3. phenotype        
4. pedigree

11. ______ What does the notation LL mean to geneticists?

1. two recessive alleles 
2. one dominant and one recessive allele
3. two dominant alleles
4. heterozygous alleles

12. ______ In sexual reproduction, if a parent has 46 chromosomes, how many are donated to their offspring?

1. 23
2. 26
3. 92
4. 46

13. ______ In asexual reproduction, if a parent has 46 chromosomes, how many are donated to their offspring?

1. 92
2. 46
3. 23
4. 26

14. ______ The different forms of a gene which determine the traits for a certain characteristic are known as

1. Alleles
2. Phenotypes
3. Genes
4. Albinism

15. ______ Each parent gives one set of these to their offspring.

1. Phenotypes
2. recessive traits
3. Meiosis
4. Alleles

16. ______ Which one of the following statements is false?

1. One gene can influence many traits
2. The environment can have an influence on traits
3. Several genes can influence a single trait
4. Genes are the only influence on traits

17. ______ How are sex cells different from other human cells?

1. Sex cells have no chromosomes
2. Sex cells have half as many chromosomes
3. Sex cells are larger
4. Sex cells have more chromosomes

18. ______ If wings are completely dominant over no wings, what is the genotype of an insect with no wings?

1. Ww
2. wW
3. ww
4. WW

19. ______ What are chromosomes that carry the same set of genes called (one from each parent)?

1. asexual chromosomes
2. ordinary chromosomes
3. twin chromosomes
4. homologous chromosomes

20. ______ What is an organism called that has one dominant and one recessive allele for a certain characteristic?

1. Organisms
2. Genotype
3. homozygous
4. Heterozygous

21. ______ Diagrams that are used to trace a trait through generations of a family are called

1. selective breedings
2. pedigrees
3. Meiosis
4. generation squares

22. ______ What is the process called when cells are produced that contain 1/2 the number of chromosomes?

1. Meiosis
2. a nucleus
3. Mitosis
4. sex cells

23. ______ If R symbolizes red and r symbolizes white and R is incompletely dominant, what color would a heterozygous flower be?

1. Red
2. Pink
3. Purple
4. White

24. ______ If T symbolizes tall and t symbolizes short and T is completely dominant, what height would a plant with homozygous dominant alleles be?

1. Short
2. Medium
3. Tall
4. cannot determine

25. ______ An organism with two of the same dominant or two of the same recessive alleles is said to be ________________________ for that trait.

1. cross-pollinating
2. heterozygous
3. Homozygous
4. Homogenous

Questions #26-30 are short answer on punnet squares and pedigrees. Do not forget to show your work when answering the questions.

26. King is known for his curly hair (C), which incomplete dominant over straight hair (c). If King is homozygous for curly hair and married Shahd who has straight hair. What type of hair might their kids have?

5. King's genotype = ______ Shahd’s genotype = _____

6. Complete the Punnett square to show the possibilities that would result if King had children with Shahd.

7. List the possible genotypes and phenotypes for their children.

8. What are the chances of a child with curly hair? ___________%
9. What are the chances of a child with straight hair? ___________%

27. What would the ratio of monsters with spots (S) to monsters with no spots (s) be if you crossed a heterozygous female with a heterozygous male? (Use a Punnett square to help you!)

1. 1 spots : 3 no spots
2. 2 spots : 2 no spots
3. 3 spots : 1 no spots
4. 4 spots : 0 no spots

28. Using the pedigree shown below, how many of the female monster offspring have spots (having spots is the observed trait)?

1. 6
2. 3
3. 4
4. 10

 ^[1]

29. In humans, hitch hikers thumbs (T) are completely dominant over straight thumbs (t). Determine the probability for each genotype and phenotype of the offspring from a female that is heterozygous for hitch hikers thumbs and a male that is homozygous recessive for hitch hikers thumbs.

5. Genotype Probability:____________________

6. Phenotype Probability:___________________

30. For dogs, the allele for course (rough) fur,F, is dominant over the allele for soft fur,f. Suppose two rough fur parents have three rough furred puppies and one soft furred puppy. What are the genotypes of the parents? Show your work using the Punnett square. 

7. Mom’s genotype:_______________

8. Dad’s Genotype:_______________

Questions #31-36 are matching. Use the terms from the word bank below and match them with the correct definitions. Some terms will not be used. Write the letter of the correct answer on the left.

Word Bank:

31. _____ when one trait is not completely dominant over another
32. _____ the set of alleles that determine a certain trait
33. _____ a tool used to predict the genotypic and phenotypic ratio of offspring
34.  _____ two different alleles
35. _____ an organism’s appearance
36. _____ a change in the DNA

Questions #37-42 are fill in the blank. Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each term may be used only once. Some terms will not be used.

Word Bank:

37.  An organism’s inherited alleles together form its ________________________________.

38. If each parent has the same recessive trait, the _____________________________ of the offspring having the trait goes up.

39.  To trace a trait through generations of a family, you can use a(n) _____________________.

40. In the second generation, _____________________________ reappear after disappearing in the first generation.

41.  The passing of traits (genes) from parents to offspring is called __________________________.

42.  An organism’s appearance is its ___________________________.

Questions #43-44 are essay questions. Answer the following question completely and thoroughly. Be sure to write in complete sentences.

43. Draw and explain what is happening during the 6 stages of mitosis.

44. How is a new sex cell at the end of meiosis different from the parent cell at the start of meiosis? List at least three differences.

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