Bibliography:
Kelly Abruscato (Claimed by Lucas Smith)
Assignment #3
February 16th 2015
Studying Cohabitation
Citation Number 1:
Title: Generational Differences in Cohabitation and Marriage in the US
Author(s): Susan L. Brown; Jennifer Van Hook; Jennifer E. Glick
Source: Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 27, No. 5 (October 2008), pp. 531-550
Publisher(s): Springer in cooperation with the Southern Demographic Association
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41217969
Generational Differences in Cohabitation and Marriage in the US
Susan L.Brown - Population Research and Policy Review - 2008
Summary #1
Data was collected within five years (the years being 2000-2004). The data was used from a current population survey (CPS); which studied the generational differences of men and women (aged 20-34) between cohabitation and marriage. Cohabitation levels rose across growing generations. However, marriage for the generational differences were more of a curve pattern where those who were least likely to marry were part of the second generation. The patterns seen in the data continued across educational groups, racial and ethnic groups; stating, “cohabitation is most common among those at the lowest strata in the United States and other countries as well”. The authors’ acknowledgment of the effects gender, age, education, etc. have on marriage and cohabitation as it changes in society. Also, this study focuses on immigrants to the United States, although the authors do state that there are no reliable studies on other ethnicity and race groups besides Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics.
Citation Number 2:
Title: Cohabitation in the United States: An Appraisal of Research Themes, Findings, and Implications
Author(s): Pamela J. Smock
Source: Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 26, (2000), pp. 1-20
Publisher(s): Annual Reviews
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/223434
Cohabitation in the United States: An Appraisal of Research Themes, Findings, and Implications
Pamela J.Smock - Annual Review of Sociology - 2000
Summary #2
Pamela J. Smock studied the research that has been conducted on cohabitation. She reviews the current findings and explanations for the increase in cohabitation as well as the explanations for the increase in the short amount of time that this practice has become more common. She also identifies future themes that will be necessary for future research that will be conducted on cohabitation. A common trend that she explains is the lifespan of cohabited relationships. She explains that “only about one in sixth of cohabitations lasts at least three years and only a tenth last five years or more”. She also explains children in cohabitated households touching on arrangements that are similar to that of stepfamilies. Pamela discusses why cohabitation has become so common; pointing at the shift of marriage in general. People not necessarily getting married to have children (now, people have children without being married); also, divorce rates have risen and people are getting married at an older age. Smock discusses the difference in cohabitation trends amongst different levels of education. For example, about 60% of high school dropouts cohabitate while only 37% of college graduates cohabitate. Additionally, this article discusses the social effects of cohabitation. Such as, gender roles, effects on marriage stability, and a changing society’s impact on the likelihood of cohabitation.
Citation Number 3:
Title: Trends in Cohabitation and Implications for Children's Family Contexts in the United States
Author(s): Larry Bumpass; Hsien-Hen Lu
Source: Population Studies, Vol. 54, No. 1 (Mar., 2000), pp. 29-41
Publisher(s): Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of the Population Investigation Committee
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2584631
Trends in Cohabitation and Implications for Children's Family Contexts in the United States
Larry Bumpass - Population Studies - 2000
Summary #3
The rate of stability of relationships similar to marriage has decreased while the rate of divorce has remained constant. This article discussed children who live in cohabiting families; this number has increased due to being born to non-married parents (which has increasingly gained popularity), or is due to their mothers entering cohabiting unions after a marriage. The number of births to unmarried women born into cohabiting families has increased which accounts for the overall increase in unmarried childbirths. The article states that “family life in the U.S. has undergone profound changes with serious implications for the lives of children”. Explaining that cohabitation (which was once a rare and deviant behavior) is now a very common practice. Tables in the article show that the trend of cohabitation has continued to be led by the less educated and that the proportion of women’s first marriages that were preceded by cohabitation has increased. The authors examine the differences between race and education status in regards to cohabitation and childbearing. They also found that 84 % of children born to married parents will not experience a familial disruption.
References:
Authorlastname, Authorfirstname. year. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume#: Page#.
Authorlastname, Authorfirstname and Authorfirstname Authorlastname. year. Title of Book. Publisher: Place.
Jessica Youmans - Contraception Use (Claimed by Sarah Geist for assignment 4)
Forste, R., Tanfer, K., & Tedrow, L. (1995). “Sterilization Among Currently Married Men in the United States, 1991.” Family Planning Perspectives, 27(3): 100-122.
Piccinino, L. J., & Mosher, W. D. (1998). “Trends in Contraceptive Use in the United States: 1982-1995. Family Planning Perspectives 30(1): 4-46
Sweeney, M. M. (2012). “The Reproductive Context of Cohabitation in the United States: Recent Change and Variation in Contraceptive Use.” Journal of Marriage & Family, 72(5): 1155-1170.
Sarah Geist - Divorce Rates (Claimed by Jessica Youmans for assig. 4)
Gautier, P. A., Svarer, M., & Teulings, C. N. (2009). “Sin City? Why Is the Divorce Rate Higher in Urban Areas?” The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 111(3):439-456
This article wants to explore whether there is a causal relationship between couples who live in the city and their likelihood to divorce. They do this by taking the subset of relationships that are formed in the city versus in a less populated area. Having young children is a major variable in this study because divorce is a much higher cost if the couple has young children versus older children or no children at all. The study concluded that there is not a casual effect of couples in the city getting divorced more, however there is a major trend of couples in the countryside staying together. The authors believe this is because people in more stable relationships tend to move to less populated areas because they want children and suburban areas are considered to be more fit to raise children.
Kennedy, S., & Ruggles, S. (2014). “Breaking Up Is Hard to Count: The Rise of Divorce in the United States, 1980-2010.” Demography, 51(2):587-598
This article argues that the generation of people born after 1980 are possibly becoming less likely to get divorced, and the divorce rate for that age is leveling because of the increased selectivity of marriage. This article also covers the issue of uncertainty about trends survey statistics in the United States that lead to an estimation of divorce rates. After analyzing the data and potential problems with the survey statistics from multiple data sources, the authors concluded that there were actually stable divorce rates between 1980 and 1990. However, after 1990, the age-standardized divorce rate increased and is at an all time high.
Schoen, R., & Canudas-Romo, V. (2006). “Timing Effects on Divorce: 20th Century Experience in the United States.” Journal of Marriage and Family. 68(3):749-758
This article argues that we need to take into account period data, or how timing and events affect the rates of marriage, divorce and fertility. They said that, for example, a year with a bad economy may affect these things much more than we take account for. No timing effects have been done in regards to divorce, which is a problem in their minds. The authors found that in many cases, the period divorce measures of different cohorts are different from what the average divorce rate was in that period of time. This suggests that period data is incredibly important to consider in divorce rates.
Kelly Abruscato: Cohabitation: (Claimed: Ethan Muller)
Susan L.Brown - Population Research and Policy Review - 2008
does it exist? YES
first to claim? YES
reliable source? YES
Summary: Since no summary was included on the google doc, this article shows longitudinal research amongst generations in relation to the cohabitation rate in the United States. In addition to examining the rates of cohabitation and marriage, this article also shows how public policies regarding cohabitation have evolved.
2) Cohabitation in the United States: An Appraisal of Research Themes, Findings, and Implications
Pamela J.Smock - Annual Review of Sociology - 2000
does it exist? YES
first to claim? YES
reliable source? YES
Summary: According to the abstract, because that is all I can find, this article aims to explain possible reasons for the semi-recent spike in cohabitation rates in America along with possible outcomes. Also, this article plans to speculate possible themes for future research on cohabitation
3) Trends in Cohabitation and Implications for Children's Family Contexts in the United States
Larry Bumpass - Population Studies - 2000
does it exist? YES
first to claim? YES
reliable source? YES
Summary: This paper focuses more on the children involved in cohabitation households and the implications it may have on them. This uses data compiled from the 80’s and 90’s showing that more than two fifths of children spend some time in their lives in a cohabiting family.
Samantha Perlroth--Child Rearing (CLAIMED by Tsubasa Endoh)
Do the listed reference actually exist? -- YES
Was the student the first to claim the source? --- YES
Is the source reliable? --- YES
Does the student misrepresent key ideas? --- NO
Is the summary useful? --- YES : Children’s attitude would depend on how much father’s involvement is in children’s life.
Do the listed reference actually exist? --- YES
Was the student the first to claim the source? --- YES
Is the source reliable? --- YES
Does the student misrepresent key ideas? --- NO
. I really like the second article she chose because regarding to social class, each people have different perspectives.
Is the summary useful? Yes : Each class has different perspectives and values in terms of wife and husband. Parental values and beliefs tend to show in social class. It’s represented by education and occupation.
Do the listed reference actually exist? -- YES
Was the student the first to claim the source? --- YES
Is the source reliable? --- YES
Does the student misrepresent key ideas?
· , I would add how important childcare is for children since it is a crucial part to discuss. It would be something like this article mentions, “People think that effects of parenting might have more influences than effects of childcare.”
Is the summary useful? --- Children in different environments have showed different consequences in regard to effectiveness of child care service.
Overall
· All the sources that she used are reliable because it was on Google scholarly site for the first article. For the second one, it is a reliable source as well. The last one is from New York Times, which is okay but the ideas of this article are reliable and useful.
· Most of them are really useful, but she just copied and pasted for the most of them so I do not know if she understands the article well. This exercise’s point is to understand and get the main point for each article, but not just copy and paste it.
Do the listed reference actually exist? -- 3/3
Was the student the first to claim the source? --- 3/3
Is the source reliable? --- 3/3
Does the student misrepresent key ideas? --- 3/6
Is the summary useful? --- 4.5/9
Tsubasa Endoh: Marriage (Claimed by Sammi Perlroth)
This article is talking about how trends in forming marriages in Asian countries are the outcome of cultural systems. Each country has a different perspective and rule in regard to how marriages can be encouraged. This article shows that marriage patterns in Asian countries vary. Each country has a unique pattern of their marriage tradition and explains why they are different. One of the most interesting things to know is East and Southeast Asia’s divorce rates are dramatically low as compared to the U.S.
§ Delayed marriage in East and Southeast Asia may be caused by economic development—the “rapidly advancing educational levels for women and related changes in employment patterns.”
§ South Asia’s arranged marriage systems have shown resilience and differs from east and southeast countries because the economic development is slower
—source exists (http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/04/26/marriage-in-asia/)
—first to claim the source
—reliable source
—the article does not mention the divorce rates in the United States.
—if we are going to compare trends in the American family with those of other countries, this article may be useful. Otherwise, it does not seem relevant for this assignment.
This website is showing how the marriage pattern of Europe can be unique. One of the most unique things about European marriage is that marriage pattern in Europe is a high age at marriage. This article is also discussing about as the period goes, marriage pattern in Europe has been changing and how many single woman in Europe were statistically remained. It is interesting to see the distinctive marks of European marriage patterns.
§ This paper focuses on the proper tax treatment of married couples compared to unmarried individuals, as well as effect over time of the marriages tax on both the rate at which females marry and the timing of marriages.
§ Their study concluded that statistically, marriage tax has no significant effect on marriage. They add, however, there is some “evidence that the marriage tax causes some individuals to postpone their marriage for short periods of time.”
—source exists (http://www.ntanet.org/NTJ/48/4/ntj-v48n04p547-58-marriage-tax-rate-timing.pdf)
—first to claim
---this article can be useful for looking at the changes of tax treatment among married (and unmarried) couples, however, this summary has nothing to do with the source posted so in my opinion the student misinterpreted the article.
This article shows how women’s employment and marriage relate or have a connection each other in terms of their daily life in the past decades. At the same time, it also talks about children who born in a different year. For instance, children born between 1942 and 1960 have had a tough time with family. On the other hand, the others born two decades later experienced family disruption earlier. In addition, women’s employment gives rise to delaying of their marriage and taking part of labor force for women also causes to marrying late in their life.
§ 1958-1978
-The overall female employment rate increased more than 50 percent in the US, and the employment rate of married women with children doubled.
- Birthrates dropped by 40 percent and divorce rates doubled.
-Cohabitation outside of marriage became prevalent.
§ “A system of individual taxation would balance out each partner’s contribution to the family’s finances.”
-source exists and the student was the first to claim. In my opinion, this source is reliable because it gives good information on the rise of women’s labor in the workforce and the impact it has had on marriage.
(CLAIMED BY NICOLE SOLITAR) Lucy Harrelson: Sexual Behavior Trends (especially youth/premarital points of view)
For some of these links you need to log into your library account to view the online links. Bibliography:
In 1996 the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act there was a provision that supported teaching abstinence. This report goes into the effects of the new sexual education on premarital sex as well as to see if there has been a significant change in premarital sex over the years. By taking into account all women and men, the report shows the population of amount of premarital sex that occurred at specific ages 15, 18, 20, 25, up until 44 (76). The findings concluded that most of both sex have premarital intercourse including about 9 of 10 women have had premarital sex by the age of 44 (77). One incongruent part of the data is the slight increase of premarital sexual intercourse from the 70s to the present. Although this is not statistically significant, the possible explanation for an increase in numbers could be the improvement of contraception. In the report, the authors find that teaching abstinence is not going to stop people from having intimate relations.
This study is about the decrease in teen pregnancies from 1991-2005 and the slight increase in pregnancies from 2006-2007. The investigation in this journal is to find an explanation for why the pregnancy rates increased from 2006-2007 after a steep decline the previous 10 years. The second objective of these experienced sociologists was to “further validate” their specific method of predicting pregnancy risk based on their data collection on behavior (26). Across different races, the study concluded that teen pregnancy statistics were different for different races. This was discussed as relating to the declined use of contraceptives in most minority groups from 1990s to 2000. Their findings showed that when contraception is introduced, the pregnancy trends are similar across the board in other countries. For their specific study, they did not find the increase in pregnancies from 2006-2007 significant but did recognize that there is a slow upward trend after the significant decrease in the 1990s. The discussion suggest the upward trend in pregnancies are affected by the more recent lack of awareness of HIV and AIDs compared to the 80s and 90s.
This research is trying to figure out the positive and negative attitude of men towards different types of sexual engagements based on different variables of their beliefs/respect towards women. The study specifically wanted to see the relation of sexist beliefs towards casual sex hypothesising that they will positively correlate. Or in better words, “endorsement of various facets of male role norms and sexist attitudes towards women and attitudes toward casual sex and intoxicated sexual contact” (226). They did this by asking questions to see how sexist a person answered and then measured that to their frequent casual sex. Out of the sexist belief scale, benevolent sexist beliefs had a positive correlation to casual sex (take out, wrong). And the need for men to be tough did positively correlate with intoxicated sexual relations. Overall, the researchers found that some of the topics they studied could use further research to gain more specific conclusions.
This study is about the attitudes of sexually active female teenagers towards pregnancy. Turns out that one in seven teens have a positive attitude and this ratio increases with minorities. CAN RELATE TO FIRST AT TIMES
Bailey Hayek: abortion trends (CLAIMED BY LUCY)
This study analyzes abortion changes and difference in white and non-white women in the U.S. from 1973-2008. The findings show that both white and non-white women are just as likely to have an abortion before and after a child is born. Non-white women are more likely to have an abortion early on in their pregnancies. White women are more likely to show hesitation if they have never had an abortion before. The state in which the woman lives in also affects her decision. Immediately after abortions became legal (1973) both groups of women (white and non-white) showed a significant (assuming statistically) increase in number of abortions that then decreased around 1985, leveling around 2000 (64). This may be due to an increased awareness of contraception (will need more citation). One interesting statement from this reading was that they found a significant inverse relationship between white women’s abortion rate and wealth rate (65). Interestingly, even though both groups of women are just as likely to have an abortion before a child is born, non-white women and white women differed in abortion rates if they’ve had a “previous abortion.” White women generally are less likely to get another abortion; although this is not significantly proven (67).This is a unique study and could really help clarify other studies that divide by race or frequency relating to abortions.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/symb.135/abstract
This article demonstrates the differences between the pro-life and pro-choice arguments. It includes narratives from both pro-life and pro-choice supporters and analyzes the differences in their arguments. It finds that pro-choice supporters use more circumstantial arguments regarding young age, accidental or unwanted pregnancies, etc. Pro-life supporters use more broad arguments which commonly end in focusing on feelings of regret. Over 50% of the “imnotsorry” pro-choice abortion stories happened when the women were teens and twenty year olds (48).On this site the pro-choice women “paint themselves as blameless” where they stray away from the concept of their pregnancies as a purposeful mistake (52).Interestingly, the pro-life stories have twice the number of narratives written by married women and mothers. Some pro-life people seem to frame the clinics as manipulative (54). Overall, it seems different people handle abortions differently. Either accepting and defending it or feeling guilty of the situation. To me it seems very personal and people’s personal journey should not reflect a whole.
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6311a1.htm?s_cid%3Dss6311a1_e
This article reports the findings from the CDC on the abortion data from 2011 in the United States. It details certain demographics of who is having abortions, at what age, where, when and under what circumstances. It also details percentage data of abortions in compared to past years. I think this will be a helpful article because it has a lot of good base data. It is a very detailed research article because it describes their methods in obtaining the data, the variables that they accounted for and breaks down the data for each section such as race, age, etc. All the data collected is only on legal medical abortions. It also shows how from the early 2000s till 2011 abortion rates had decreased except for those under 15 years of age. Those in their twenties made up the largest group of the women who were getting abortions. In the tables it shows that the amount of abortions does not differ much from black and white women. This fact could tie into the other article that supports the evidence that abortion does not differ over racial lines. A discussion about how Hispanic women get less abortions could be tied into religious beliefs? This would need more research.
Kamilah Wakil (I CLAIM THIS for assignment 4:ESEKA OSONGO)
Assignment #4 Checklist:
1). Do the listed references actually exist?
-Yes, the listed references do actually exist and it was easy to find them.
2). Was the student the first to claim the source?
-This student was the first to claim the source.
3). Is the source reliable?
The text “The Impact of Social Status, Family Structure, and Neighborhood on the Fertility of Black Adolescents” is in the American Journal of Sociology, which is reliable. The second text, “The Association of Sexual Behaviors with Socioeconomic Status, Family Structure, and Race/ethnicity Among US Adolescents” is a reliable text which can be found in the American Journal of Public Health. The third text, “Family Structure and Reproduction of Inequalities” is also reliable and is found in the Annual Review of Sociology. All the
4). Does the student misrepresent key ideas?
No the student does not misrepresent key ideas, but I think that the student could’ve added just a tab bit more of information. Overall the summaries were right on.
5). Is the summary useful?
Yes the summaries are useful and went straight to the point. Maybe some addition of data would’ve been also good.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2779520?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Previous research suggests that there have been changing patterns in the makeup of family among blacks which is especially linked to socioeconomic status. This paper takes an ethnographic look on the behaviors of black adolescents in regards to their fertility. It measures the effects of different variables on fertility and breaks down how these affect rates of initial sexual intercourse and the probability that these adolescents (that are sexually active) will become pregnant. The research links family structure, neighborhood characteristics and social status that are usually related to lower class blacks and looks specifically at the fertility patterns.
Text#1, My Comments:
One thing that I would like to add is the fact that “career aspirations” is a factor that plays a role in determining those who might become pregnant in the future.
Even with demographic research, identifying the family factors and socioeconomic factors that increase the fertility rates among black teenagers has been unsuccessful.
Two major factors that determine if a girl will be a pregnant teen is the age in which she become sexually active and how often she uses contraceptives.
Social circumstances play a great role.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1446372/pdf/11029992.pdf
This paper looks at the relationship between socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity and family structure to the sexual behaviors of adolescents. These factors are key predictors of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents. The researchers surveyed adults to get data on the household and family and surveyed adolescents to get data on their behaviors. They found that parental education, did not have an association with behaviors and SES was not linked to sexual behaviors. They also found that the sexual behaviors by race and SES were not significant enough to account for the different rates in pregnancy and STDs between the variables. This means that other factors like health care availability and prevalence of STDs in a community may be more important variables to consider.
Text #2, My Comments:
This student did a great job at summarizing the article. The student mentioned an important information which is how a factor like health-care is one that should be looked into when it concerns the differences in STD rates by race/ethnicity.
This article looks at how family structures have changed and argues that the structure of the family is a key mechanism in reproducing race, class and gender inequalities in society. The authors argue that there is an unequal distribution of family structures by race and the changes in family structure worsen racial inequalities. The article exams other pieces of literature and especially looks at single parenthood and the affects that a single parent household may have on racial, gender and class inequalities. As well as how increases in inequality may affect and even increase changes in family structure particularly for less educated women.
Text #3, My comments:
This student did a good job at summarizing the text.
The structure of a family plays a role in the inequality of a family. For example, family structure has an influence on children’s life chances which then leads to the degree of mobility.
Alexander Schuster (Claimed by Bailey Hayek)
Power in Parent–Adult Child Households: Coresidence and Financial Dependency in the United States, 1960–2010. Demography, 50(4), 1450-75.
1: This article examines the “Boomerang” Generation, or the growing number of adult children moving back in with their parents. The article examines how this trend has grown in numbers since the 1960s, as well as the financial well-being of the older generation is increasingly affecting the poor financial being of the younger generation, creating something of a domino effect.
2: This is a mostly editorial article. The author, a demographer, argues that he wants to die at 75. He does not say that he will commit suicide once he reaches that age, but rather stop trying to extend his life, and only accept medicine to relieve pain. He makes arguements that the life expectancy has become too long, and it is having adverse effects on the younger generations. In 75 years, he believes that he will have a fufilling life.
Involvement, Role Disruption, and Health. In Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences (5th ed., pp. 238-52). Academic Press.
3. This work deals with the “Sandwich” generation, or generation of adults that are forced to care for their children, as well as their parents, that is emerging. This results from the growing life span of people, some of which live their retirement for over 20 years. They live so long that they either run out of money, or can no longer simply care for themselves. This not only can be troublesome for the elderly, but also causes a huge disruption for the adult caregiver financially and mentally.
Andrea Kurylas
Family Planning:
Bailey, Martha J. “Reexamining the Impact of Family Planning Programs on US Fertility: Evidence from the War on Poverty and the Early Years of Title X.” American economic journal. Applied economics 4.2 (2012): 62–97. PMC. Web. 2 Feb. 2015.
This article attempts to delve deeper into the “open question” of US childbearing and the long-term effectiveness of family planning. She uses complicated statistics and equations gauging counties success with family planning programs by following general fertility rate trends. She finds that family planning does delay childbearing for 15-34 year olds and as a whole, reduces fertility. With survey’s, she tests the general fertility rate of women 150% below the poverty line (128 per 1000) compared to women above that threshold (77 per 1000). Federally funded family planning programs have been diminishing the income-based childbearing differences among women and providing access to more reliable contraception (especially for women who could not previously afford it). She concludes with estimating roughly 1.8 million births were prevented in the first 10 years programs existed, at around $2700 (federal dollars) per averted birth. Future work, she says, should consider how planning programs affect long-term outcomes like the age structure of poverty.
· The summary very accurately depicts the main points and arguments of the scholarly article.
· The author also covered some of the more modern methods of birth control, which affected the fertility rates. However it is noted that many in poverty could not afford these contraceptives.
Marriage:
Sarkisian, N. and Gerstel, N. (2008), Till Marriage Do Us Part: Adult Children’s Relationships With Their Parents. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70: 360–376.
The researchers attempt to answer the question of whether marriage affects men or women more and how the never married relate to their parents intergenerationally compared to those married. They hypothesize that for women, marriage is a greedier institution because of the emotional ties involved and that those never married have better relationships with their parents and community as a whole. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households (1992-1994), they focused on those respondents that had living parents, and that were either married, never married or separated/divorced (n=6108). They found that the married do have less intense intergenerational ties than those unmarried (even when taking into account structural differences) and that marriage is equally greedy for both men and women. They conclude saying that policies should not be so focused on promoting marriage, but instead focus on community-friendly relationships that include close intergenerational ties.
· Accurately pulls out the key findings suggested in the article.
· Authors also discuss the cultural explanations that may relate to marriage and intergenerational ties. Different nations have different expectations in terms of responsibilities in marriage and intergenerational behaviors, so these findings cannot be completely generalized.
Childbearing:
Penman-Aguilar, Ana et al. “Socioeconomic Disadvantage as a Social Determinant of Teen Childbearing in the U.S.” Public Health Reports 128.Suppl 1 (2013): 5–22. Print.
This article discusses socioeconomic status and teen childbearing and possible disadvantages. They searched well-known databases and scoured articles from 1995 to 2011 that used quantitative analyses addressing socioeconomic influence on teen childbirth. They assessed articles for bias and ranked them according to US Preventative Services Task Force guidelines. All 12 articles reviewed related at least one statistically significant association between underemployment, low-income, low education and neighborhood disadvantage to teen birth. They found that low SES at the community and family level contribute to higher teen birth rates.
· The summary accurately represents the key points in the article.
· Although this generally falls under the category of low SES, the article also focused on the intergenerational effect of teenage pregnancies and the educational expectations of the teenager.
Overall Grading:
1. Do the listed references actually exist? 3/3
2. Was the student the first to claim the source? 3/3
3. Is the source reliable? 3/3
4. Does the student misrepresent key ideas? 6/6
5. Is the summary useful? 9/9
Nicole Solitar
1.Eshbaugh, Elaine. 2008. “Teen Mothers: Marriage, Cohabitation, and Educational Achievement.” Journal of Family Social Work, 11, 1: 3-16
This study aims to describe both the marital and cohabitation patterns of teenage mothers 14, 24, and 36 months after birth.
The study also looks at the relationship between marital/cohabitation status and education. The study used families who were
applied for Early Head Start services. At the different time markers, participants were asked questions about their ethnicity,
education, and relationship status. The author found that over time, the number of teen mothers who are not married/cohabitation with their child’s father increases over time. 40% of fathers live with the mothers 3 years after birth. However, women who continue relationships with the fathers receive less education.
2.Jones, Rachel, Moore, Ann., & Frohwirth, Lori. 2011. “Perceptions of male knowledge and support among U.S. women obtaining abortions”. Women's Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health, 21, 2: 117-23
This study explores male knowledge and support of abortions. The authors used data from 9.493 women obtaining abortions. They used three relationship characteristics to examine perceptions of male knowledge and support for the women’s abortions. The characteristics were union status, length of relationship, and exposure to intimate partner violence. The majority of the women reported that the man who they got pregnant with knew about the abortion and most also perceive that the men were supportive. Cohabitating women were more likely to report this, and married and those in a long-term relationship were too, but to a lesser extent. Exposure to intimate partner violence made women less likely to tell the men about the abortion or to report feelings of support. The results of the study show that most women relied on their male partners for support when getting an abortion.
3.Gibson-Davis, Christina, & Rackin, Heather 2014. “Marriage or Carriage? Trends in Union Context and Birth Type by
Education.” Journal of Marriage and Family, 76, 3:506-519.
This study uses data from 8.961 first-time moms in the National Survey of Family Growth. There are many different types of family arrangements for parents today due to many factors. This study shows how these options for new mother have come about and categorizes union contexts at first birth. The data comes from women who had their first child from 1985-2010. The study found a dramatic decrease in preconception married birth among low-educated moms and these moms increasingly had births in the contexts of cohabitating unions. Highly educated women were always likely to have their first births in the context of marriage established prior to conception. The results show that for low-educated mothers, cohabitation operates similar to marriage and for moderate-educated mothers; cohabitation was a response to pregnancy.
Erika Chin: Cohabitation
Citation #1: Batolova, Jeanene A., Cohen, Philip N., “Premarital Cohabitation and Housework”. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(63), pgs.: 743-755, August 2002.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.proxy-um.researchport.umd.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00743.x/epdf. DOI:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00743.x
Summary 1:
Citation #2: Edin, K.; Kafalas, M.J.; Reed, J.M.. “A peek inside the black box: What marriage means for poor unmarried parents”, Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(4), 1007-1014, Oct. 2004. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00072.x/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false. DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00072.x
Citation #3: DeLeire, T., Kalil, A.; “How Do Cohabiting Couples spend their Money”, 67(2), Journal of Marriage and Family, Issue 2, pgs: 286-285, May 2005. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2005.00116.x/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false. DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-2445.2005.00116.x
William Clothier(claimed by michael)
This article explains that the overall pregnancy rate between females the ages of 15-19 years old has been decreasing since the peak in 1990. It was a 51% decline since 1990 and a 15% decline from 2008 to 2010. The teen abortion rate peaked in 1988 from 43.5 abortions per 1,000 teens to 14.7 per 1,000 in 2010. Pregnancies among 18-19 year olds count for 69% of all teen pregnancies from 15 to 19 year olds. In 2010 New Mexico had the highest teen pregnancy rate with 80 per 1,000 teens. The states with the lowest rates were New Hampshire, Vermont, Minnesota, Massachusetts, and Maine. The author explains that education and cultural attitudes towards sex could play a role in these variations by state.
Additions: The article goes on to state that demographies such as race and ethnicity had negligable effects on the decline (i.e. the decline was seen equally through all races and ethnicities).
Do the listed references actual exist? 1
Was the student the first to claim the source? 1
Is the source reliable? 1
Does the student misrepresent key ideas? 2
Is the summary useful? 3
2.) Boonstra, Heather. "Teen Pregnancy: Trends And Lessons Learned." The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy. Guttmacher Institute, 2014. Web. 05 Feb. 2015. <http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/tgr/05/1/gr050107.html>.
This article explains that the teen birth rate has been declining but the unmarried birth rate among teens has been increasing. 13% of teen births were by an unmarried mother in 1950 which has increased to 79% in 2000. One main reason for this is that in the 1950’s it was not uncommon for teens to get married but in the 2000’s it is rare for teens to get married at such a young age. The AGI concluded that 25% of the decline in teen births is related to the increase of abstinence. 75% of the decline in teen pregnancy rates is because of the behavior of sexually experienced teens.
Additions: The article also illustrates two more key facts. First, that abortion rates are declining as well, so therefore the decrease in brith rate is not a result of increasing abortion rates. Second, that the US still has higher teen pregnancy rates than other western industrialized nations.
Do the listed references actual exist? 1
Was the student the first to claim the source? 1
Is the source reliable? 1
Does the student misrepresent key ideas? 2
Is the summary useful? 3
3.) Donovan, Patricia. "Falling Teen Pregnancy, Birthrates: What's Behind the Declines?" The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy. Guttmacher Institute, 2014. Web. 05 Feb. 2015. <http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/tgr/01/5/gr010506.html>.
This article explains the teen pregnancy rate differences among races and explains theories behind the decline in rates. Hispanic women had the highest teen pregnancy rate in 1996 which was 101.8 per 1000. The black teenagers had a rate of 91.4 per 1000 and whites had a rate of 48.1 per 1000. The article explains that the drop in teen pregnancy is because of teens using more contraceptives and more teens simply not having sex. Contraceptive use rose to 78% in 1995 among females 15-19 years old. The article also states that attitudes towards sexually transmitted diseases changed the thoughts of teens which may have cause more teens to not have sex or to use contraceptive measures to try and avoid getting sexually transmitted diseases.
Additions: None, this summary hits each of the main points of the article.
Do the listed references actual exist? 1
Was the student the first to claim the source? 1
Is the source reliable? 1
Does the student misrepresent key ideas? 2
Is the summary useful? 3
Eseka Osongo (Claimed - Rainer Tandaju)
Divorce
Djamba, Yanyi K., et al. (2012).“Household Size as a Correlate of Divorce Rate: A County-Level Analysis” Sociological Spectrum. Issue 5 Vol 32: 436-448
The hypothesis is that “Counties with larger average household size would have a lower divorce rate…” of course with other factors being involved. Past research shows that many factors like characteristics of the spouses and the neighborhoods they live in influence the likelihood that the couple would divorce. In this study, the researchers examine the role of the household size having an impact on the divorce rate (county level). Data from 621 U.S. counties collected in 1990 and 2000 were used. Some datas from the Census Bureau were used which were the 1990 and 2000 county-level data. The result showed that average household size increased from 1990 to 2000 and also that average household correlated closely to the divorce rate at the county level. The hypothesis was correct! The presence of other householders might actually cause spouses to be less likely to divorce but actually remain close. Certain regions of the U.S. have a higher rate of divorce compared to others which might be due to the norms and cultures associated with those regions.
Abortion
Kelly, Kimberly, and Linda Grant.(2007). “State Abortion and Nonmarital Birthrates in the Post-Welfare Reform Era: The Impact of Economic Incentives on Reproductive Behaviors of Teenage and Adult Women.” Gender and Society, Vol.21: 878-904
The research seeks to see if by any chance, state policies have influenced women and their reproductive choices. Many factors, including welfare aid have been taken into account. The findings shine light on the fact that incentives that are economically based play a small and inconsistent role on the reproductive behaviors of women, meaning both teenagers and adult women. The economic incentives effects on individual women will be evident in the form of abortion and ‘out of wedlock’ birthrates. An interesting thing is that through this study, it is proven that women are resistant to the state having such control over sensitive/private areas of their lives. The researchers used data for 50 states and also DC from the year 2000, which was the last complete year before the renewal of PRWORA. Abortion rates for different age groups(which was the dependent variable) was used and came from the AGI and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
Cohabitation/Marriage trends
Guzzo, Karen Benjamin. (Aug2014).“Trends in Cohabitation Outcomes: Compositional Changes and Engagement Among Never-Married Young Adults.” Journal of Marriage and Family. Issue 4. Vol 76: 826-842.
When one looks at the earlier years in which cohabitation was taking place, past research has showed marriages that are formed after 1995 were more likely to end and those formed after 2000 were less likely to ever go into the next phase, which is marriage. So, previous studies have proven that there are fewer cohabitations leading to marriage but despite that young people are still getting involved in romantic unions. Cohabitation is somehow strongly tied to marriage but marriage doesn’t appear to be a greater part of cohabitation. A study (by Setterson & Ray,2010) shows that cohabitation increased by over 30% for young women within age 19-24 between 1980s & 2010. Research points out that many different factors play into the increase of cohabitation, like demographic and socioeconomic status. This research is meant to find out if the link between cohabitation and marriage is changing among never-married young adults 18-34. They used the answers from the National Survey of Family Growth from the years 2002 & 2006-2010. They tested if there is a chance that marital intentions present at the start of cohabitation is becoming more selective of individuals likely to marry and if they differ by the couples engagement status. The findings show that there is an increase in cohabiting instability and a decrease in those who are cohabitating transitioning to marriage.
Alonza Stith (Claimed: Alexander Schuster for assignment #4)
Assignment 4: 1.) Source Does Exist
2.) First to claim source
3.) Source is reliable from “The Association of Family Therapy (Study comes from Australia, which may not be in the scope of our assignment)
4.) No key ideas misrepresented.
5.) Yes, summary is useful. In short: This article deals with the sociological impacts for lesbian couples and their families, both biological and non-biological.
Assignment 4: 1.) Yes, the source exists
2.) First to claim source
3.) Source is reliable (Educational Gerontology)
4.) No major key points missed, but the article touches on the importance
of Gerontology as a whole.
5.) Summary is useful. Worth noting that this article pertains to Aging Populations.
Assignment 4: 1.) Yes, article exists
2.) First to claim source
3.) Reliable source (From Journal: Current Problems in Pediatric and
Adolescent Health Care)
4.) No key points missed.
5.) Summary is good. This appears, from skimming, to be a very dense
piece. It deals heavily with the impact of a parent migrating from the home for the good of the family, as well as the impact on the children and their caregivers.
Christian Guevara (Erika Chin- Assignment #4)
The paper talks about a state’s abortion policy and the relationship between it and a state’s interest in politics. It also talks about the relationship between religion and how strict a state’s abortions law might be. After looking at those two relationships he decides to look at how the restrictions on abortion effect the abortion rate.
1.) Source Does Exist: Yes
2.) First to claim source: Yes
3.) Is source reliable: Yes, an academic journal through JSTORE
4.) Key ideas misrepresented: No
5.) Summary useful: Yes
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ssf&AN=97424953&site=ehost-live
Although past research suggests that nonstandard parental work arrangements have negative implications for children, researchers typically assess the effects of maternal and paternal work schedules independently, and studies among older adolescents are rare. Combining insights from family sociology and criminology, they evaluated the effects of household work arrangements on family processes and delinquency among a national sample of 10- to 17-year-old children. They find that children from households where both parents work nonstandard hours report weaker levels of family bonding, which in turn is associated with greater delinquency. Children from single-mother households in which the mother works evening or night shifts report weaker levels of parent–child closeness and family bonding, which fully mediate the association with greater delinquency. They also find that select maternal nonstandard schedules in conjunction with paternal standard schedules are associated with lower delinquency among children.
1.) Source Does Exist: Yes
2.) First to claim source: Yes
3.) Is source reliable: Yes, academic journal through University of Maryland library
4.) Key ideas misrepresented: No. Great at getting the main points of the article.
5.) Summary useful: Yes.
Coltrane, Scott, and Michele Adams. "The Social Construction of the Divorce "Problem": Morality, Child Victims, and the Politics of Gender." Family Relations 52.4 (2003): 363-72. Web.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/3700317
Although divorce rates have been stable or dropping for two decades, Americans seem anxious about the state of marriage. They examine reasons for this collective anxiety, documenting how the divorce "problem" has been framed by organizations promoting conservative family values. They then examine the history of divorce and identify social contexts. In the contemporary context, they examine how social science experts are used to portray children as victims of divorce and how such images legitimate the political objectives of specific interest groups and mask underlying issues of gender inequality.
1.) Source Does Exist:Yes
2.) First to claim source: Yes
3.) Is source reliable: Yes, academic journal through JSTOR
4.) Key ideas misrepresented: No
5.) Summary useful:Yes.
Alyssa Poole (Claimed by Hope Walker)
Santelli, John S., and Andrea J. Melnikas. "Teen Fertility In Transition: Recent And Historic Trends In The United States." Annual Review Of Public Health 31.1 (2010): 371-383. Academic Search Premier. Web.
This article discusses declines in teen birth and pregnancy rates between 1991 and 2005, as well as how teen birth rates rose unexpectedly in 2006 and 2007. This article examines historical changes in fertility, trends in sexual behaviors, social forces, and public policies that may influence teen fertility. Although social forces such as poverty are critical in shaping adolescent reproductive choices, it is discussed how these forces do not explain rapid change in teen pregnancy risk since 1991. These recent changes, including increases in teen births since 2005, follow closely changes in teen contraceptive use. Likewise, contraceptive use is critical in explaining differences between U.S. and European fertility patterns. Public policies related to HIV prevention and sexuality education may have played a critical role in influencing teen pregnancy risk.
Farmer, Amy, and Andrew Horowitz. "Strategic Non-Marital Cohabitation: Theory And Empirical Implications." Journal Of Population Economics 28.1 (2015): 219-237. Academic Search Premier. Web.
This article discusses how non-marital cohabitation is becoming a global phenomenon. Based on previous articles, there has been a need to examine the empirical regularity in premarital cohabitation, and how it is associated with higher divorce rates. Because it is assumed that cohabitation should produce improved match-quality information, it is also assumed that results should say the opposite. This result, and its recent weakening, have been explored empirically and produced theoretically using matching models. In this article, the development of an intra-household bargaining model of alternative dating and cohabitation paths to marriage in which higher relationship exit costs for cohabitors relative to daters generates the observed higher divorce rate is discussed. It is also shown that the asymmetric exit costs can produce rejection and generate exits that would not otherwise occur. In addition, it is shown that even when cohabitors have lower average marriage quality, expected utility for a given match quality is higher, and some utility enhancing marriages that would not have taken place without cohabitation will occur in its presence
Colen, Cynthia G., Arline T. Geronimus, and Maureen G. Phipps. "Getting A Piece Of The Pie? The Economic Boom Of The 1990S And Declining Teen Birth Rates In The United States." Social Science & Medicine 63.6 (2006): 1531-1545. Academic Search Premier. Web.
This article focuses on the United States, particularly in the 1990s, which was a decade of dramatic economic growth, as well as a period characterized by substantial declines in teenage childbearing. This study examines whether falling teen fertility rates during the 1990s were responsive to expanding employment opportunities and whether the implementation of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunities Act (PRWORA), increasing rates of incarceration, or restrictive abortion policies may have affected this association. There were falling unemployment rates in the 1990s were associated with decreased childbearing among African-American women aged 15–24, but were largely unrelated to declines in fertility for Whites. For 18–19 year-old African-Americans, the group for whom teen childbearing is most normative, our model accounted for 85% of the decrease in rates of first births. Young Black women, especially older teens, may have adjusted their reproductive behavior to take advantage of expanded labor market opportunities.
Kareek Best - Claimed by William Clothier for assignment 4
Bullock, Joan R. "Abortion Rights In America." Brigham Young University Law Review 1994.1 (1994): 63. Business Source Complete. Web. 9 Feb. 2015.
This source looks at the history of abortion in America and it’s development through the years. It starts with the idea that this issue relates heavily to the idea of freedom. This country has been obsessed with the notion of freedom of choice, but lately with this issue it has been shifted to also mean freedom from responsibility. It brings forth many of the legal disputes related to abortion and how that has been relevant in shaping the dynamics of this hot button issue.
Goldstein, Joshua R. "The Leveling of Divorce in the United States." Demography (pre-2011) 36.3 (1999): 409-14. ProQuest.Web. 9 Feb. 2015.
The author of this source uses refined measures of period divorce rates to assert that the leveling of divorce rates seems to be real. He examined various causes of divorce over the past few decades, such as the baby boom, increase of age at first marriage, and the increase in cohabitation and found that new theories are needed in order to explain the determinants of divorce rates. His assertion is that the compositional factors do little in explaining the pattern of divorce over the past few decades.
Seltzer, Judith A. "Families Formed Outside Of Marriage." Journal Of Marriage & Family 62.4 (2000): 1247-1268. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 9 Feb. 2015.
The main point of this source is to examine the phenomenon of increasing family arrangements outside of marriage. The author addresses the demography of cohabitation nonmarital childbearing as well as the reasons for its rise and existence. Moreover, legal policies that affect this phenomenon are also addressed/examined. Two ways in which families are created are examined: couples living together without being married, and having children outside of marriage.
Michael Scheiner (Claimed by Zara Tariq for assignment 4)
David Loughran and Julie Zissimopoulos, “Why wait? The effect of marriage and childbearing on the wages of men and women,” Journal of Human Resources, spring 2009, pp. 326–349.
This article describes the different effects that marriage and child bearing have on economic earnings of men and women. It illustrates that males suffer long term negative effects to wage earnings. This trend continues into divorce. However it also states that childbearing does not have an effect on male earnings. On the contrary, their data illustrates that women’s wages drop drastically in the year of marriage. Also, the data shows that child birth has a drastic negative effect to female wage earnings. Finally the article states that the female wage trends persist for all women except for the most highly educated women whom do not show to be effected by marriage and childbearing.
Do the listed references actual exist? Yes
Was the student the first to claim the source? Yes
Is the source reliable? Yes
Does the student misrepresent key ideas? No
Is the summary useful? Yes
Comments: You did a good job summarizing this article. The article comes from a reliable source and was easy to find online.
Avner Ahituv and Robert Lerman, “How do marital status, work effort, and wage rates interact?” Demography, August 2007, pp. 623–647.
In this article, ahituv and lerman illustrate the interaction between wage earnings, hours worked, and marriage for males. They state that marriage increases male commitment to work by approximately 160-200 hours per year. However this correlation declines as the marriage continues. Also it states that wage increases are not noticeable immediately, however over time males tend to obtain higher than normal wage increases. This correlation estimates approximately a 21% increase to overall male earnings as a result of becoming married and staying married contrasted with remaining single. These effects remain, however are not as large, for males becoming remarried. These trends are in fact effected by economic status and race, however the overall trend subsists through all groups.
Do the listed references actual exist? Yes
Was the student the first to claim the source? Yes
Is the source reliable? Yes
Does the student misrepresent key ideas? No
Is the summary useful? Yes
Comments: Great summary, I can’t think of any additional information that would need to be added. The article came from a reliable website and was easy to find online.
Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers, “Bargaining in the shadow of the law: divorce laws and family distress,”Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 2006, pp. 267–288.
Stevenson and Wolfers describe the effect of unilateral divorce laws (which do not require the partners consent) in comparison with what are normally used divorce laws. The paper describes how states that have issued this law see a 20% decrease in female suicides. It also shows that domestic violence caused by both males and females declines significantly as a result of these laws. However, the authors do state that these numbers are in fact volatile and are not very precise. They also found evidence that supports the claim that murder caused in marriages declines as a result of these laws being in place.
Do the listed references actual exist? Yes
Was the student the first to claim the source? Yes
Is the source reliable? Yes
Does the student misrepresent key ideas?No
Is the summary useful? Yes
Comments: Another point that might be worth mentioning is that the article also mentions that unilateral divorce hasn’t caused any apparent effects on male suicide.
Zara Tariq (claimed by Kamilah Wakil)
Whitton, S. W., Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S. M., & Markman, H. J. (2008). Effects of parental divorce on marital commitment and confidence. Journal Of Family Psychology, 22(5), 789-793. doi:10.1037/a0012800
This article is about the effects the divorce can have on commitment and confidence levels of children with divorced parents. It mentions that it has been suggested that women with divorced parents tend to have lower expectations of marriage and have a harder time committing to relationships. The study in this article aimed to test this hypothesis by surveying a number of engaged couples and doing a longitudinal study on them. The results showed that women with divorced parents do indeed have a harder time committing to relationships and having high confidence in their marriage. The same is not true for men with divorced parents. The article emphasizes that divorce itself, and not parental conflict is most likely the cause of women to have lower confidence and commitment levels, and this could be due to a number of reasons, such as the negative effects women face after divorce, and the fact that women tend to be socialized to be relationship-oriented.
Afifi, T. O., Boman, J., Fleisher, W., & Sareen, J. (March 01, 2009). The relationship between child abuse, parental divorce, and lifetime mental disorders and suicidality in a nationally representative adult sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 3, 139-147.
The article is about a study that was performed to test the hypothesis and previous research that a child who experiences parental divorce has an increased chance of experiencing child abuse and poor mental health as an adult. The results proved the hypothesis to be true, and also found that parent psychopathology could be an additional factor that plays a role in the relationship between parental divorce, child abuse, and offspring having lifelong psychiatric disorders. Parent psychopathology can also be associated with marital status, parental abuse of offspring, and psychopathology of offspring. The article also mentions that children who experience both parental divorce and child abuse have a higher risk of attempting suicide.
Milevsky, A. (January 01, 2004). Perceived Parental Marital Satisfaction and Divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 41, 1, 115.
This article is about the effect that divorce can have on sibling relationships. It found that children with divorced parents tend to have less close and less supportive relationships than children with intact families. This seems to be the case regardless of what age a child experienced their parents’ divorce. The article also talks about perceived parental marital satisfaction being a factor of sibling closeness, communication and support as children transition to adulthood. It mentions that there have been findings that suggest marital satisfaction may have more of an impact on sibling relationships than intact families do.
Rainer Tandaju- Claimed by Erika Sanders Assignment #4
Use researchport on lib.umd.edu
Fu, Vincent K., and Nicholas H. Wolfinger. "Broken Boundaries or Broken Marriages? Racial Intermarriage and Divorce in the United States."Social Science Quarterly 92.4 (2011): 1096-117. EBSCO Host. University Libraries. Web.
This article analyzes the divorce rates in interracial marriages and divorces. The article cites and has a foundation of earlier studies to help develop a model that defines effects of crossing racial boundaries in interracial marriages - including the 1995 and 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. This study found that there is a challenge for interracial marriages and recent studies found that interracial marriages have higher divorce rates than same race marriages, but it isn’t 100% universal.
Do the listed references actual exist? Yes
Was the student the first to claim the source? Yes
Is the source reliable? Yes
Does the student misrepresent key ideas? No
Is the summary useful? Yes
Comments: Maybe not the best example to use based on the fact that the data is from 2002 at the latest and may not be accurate anymore. Overall it was an interesting article, but maybe go more into depth in the summary about the specific findings, rather than just giving a broad overview.
Teachman, Jay D., and Karen A. Polonko. "Cohabitation and Marital Stability in the United States." Social Forces 69.1 (1990): 207-20. EBSCO Host. University Libraries. Web.
This study analyzes the risk of cohabitation with marital stability. It hypothesizes that cohabitation increases the risk of marital instability. The study uses a follow-up of a National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972. Some think that cohabitation would lead to more stable marriages, but results show otherwise. This study also observes other characteristics and factors that play into cohabitation and marital stability.
Do the listed references actual exist? Yes
Was the student the first to claim the source? Yes
Is the source reliable? Yes
Does the student misrepresent key ideas? No, but it misses some main points of the article
Is the summary useful? Yes
Comments: Good summary but the study also talks about how total time spent in union ends up being an important factor and also that cohabitation before marriage vs no cohabitation before marriage doesn't show less commitment. The “other characteristics” are important to mention in the summary, but some details as to what they are and how they play a role would be even better.
VanLaningham, Jody, David Johnson, and Paul Amato. "Marital Happiness, Marital Duration, and the U-Shaped Curve: Evidence from a Five-Wave Panel Study." Social Forces 79.4 (2001): 1313-341. EBSCO Host. University Libraries. Web.
This article discusses marital happiness and the preconceived idea that marriage happiness is a U-shaped curve, in which happiness is high at the beginning of marriage, then it declines during the middle years and increases again in the later years. VanLaningham, Johnson, and Amato look at previous studies and find that more recent studies mirror those from the past. For their research in this article, they took their data from the Marital Instability over the Life Course study. They found that in cross-sectional data, the U-shaped curve was present, but in a longitudinal study happiness slowly declines throughout marriage.
Do the listed references actual exist? Yes
Was the student the first to claim the source? Yes
Is the source reliable? Yes
Does the student misrepresent key ideas? No, but it misses some main points of the article
Is the summary useful? Yes
Comments: The summary did a great job of highlighting the major idea and findings of the study. I thought it was very informative and to-the-point without going too into detail and it told exactly what was needed to know.
Hope Walker- Marriage, racial and economic factors (Claimed by Alyssa Poole)
Using data obtained from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) American men and women ages 15-44. The authors attempted to seek answers to three research questions. First, is there a relationship between nonmarital childbearing and factors such as unmarried parents? The researchers found that.nonmarital childbearing does have an effect on the next generation’s childbearing. They also found that parents’ being unmarried when the children were born significantly increases their risk of later having a child out of wedlock. The second research question concerns how nonmarital childbearing might be associated with educational attainment and age when they first had sex. The researchers additionally found that the risk of offspring having a nonmarital first birth when their parents had a nonmarital birth was partially transmitted through parents’ breaking up by offspring’s age 14.
The third and final research question was to examine whether race, gender, and socioeconomic background played a role. Findings suggested that African Americans are at an increased risk of having a nonmarital birth compared to Whites, regardless of parents’ marital status.
2. McLaughlin, D. K., & Lichter, D. T. (1997). Poverty and the Marital Behavior of Young Women. Journal Of Marriage & Family, 59(3), 582-594.
The research duo use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine changes for poor young women and women who are not poor. The survey included American Women ages 14-22 and data detailed their employment, marital status, education, and family background. The pair found that non-poor women are more likely than their counterparts to marry, but poor women who have jobs were more likely to marry than those who do not. The researchers additionally found that the lower availability of mates and an increased welfare payment lowered the probability of marriage.
3. Fryer, R. J. (2007). Guess Who's Been Coming to Dinner? Trends in Interracial Marriage over the 20th Century. Journal Of Economic Perspectives, 21(2), 71-90.
Fryer focused on marriages across black, white, and Asian racial lines using U.S. census data from 1880–2000. Today Interracial marriages account for approximately 1 percent of white marriages, 5 percent of black marriages, and 14 percent of Asian marriages. Fryer investigated the extent to which three different theories, including the theory of social exchange, of interracial marriage can account for certain time patterns he discovered. The author found early data states Whites were more likely to intermarry with blacks than Asians, though this trend eventually reversed. The data for White- Asian marriages suggests something completely different, for the first 100 years of data these marriages were the hardest to find, but today they are the most common among interracial unions.
Lucas Smith - Divorce CLAIMED BY KELLY ABRUSCATO
Beattie, Brett and Paul R. Amato. 2011. “Does the Unemployment Rate Affect the Divorce Rate? An Analysis of state date 1960-2005.” Social Science Research 40(3): 705-715.
The goal of this study is to under the association between unemployment and the divorce rate. This study examined these rates between 1960 and 2005. Particularly, they focused on times of financial hardship, most recently, the Great Recession. The authors of this article took into consideration things such as stress, proximity to resources for individuals, the capacity to cope with these hardships. Another thing they considered during this study was the difference in expectations and ideas of marriage and divorce. The results of this study found a link between State unemployment and State divorce rates.
Bremmer, Dale and Randy Kasselring. 2004. “Divorce and Female Labor Force Participation: Evidence from times-series data and cointegration.” Atlantic Economic Journal 32(3): 175-190.
This study examined the connection between women’s rising role in the workforce and the rising divorce rate. The main points of focus during this study were the rising participation and the rising income for women. Another area of focus was the rising age in childbirths, meaning women focused more on their careers than had previously been the case. The study ultimately found that female participation in the workforce does in fact lead to a higher divorce rate. The sociologists in this study reviewed a wide variety of past cases involving the divorce rate associated with female participation in the workforce.
Kendall, Todd D. 2010. “The Relationship Between Internet Access and Divorce Rate.” Journal of Family and Economic Issues 32(3): 449-460.
This study focused on the association of Internet use and divorce rates. There have been many assumptions based on the widespread use of the Internet and divorce, however, Kendall decided to take a closer look at the association between the two. Kendall examines State-wide use against divorce rates and household differences among 40,000 households. He also admits that internet, while having negative outcomes, can also lead to the strong marriage in today’s society. It was difficult to understand the conclusion Kendall came to, but ultimately he was unsure about the overall affect the Internet has on divorce rates.
Assignment #4
SOCY 412
Kelly Abruscato Evaluation of Lucas Smith’s Sources:
Lucas Smith topic: divorce
Source #1:
Beattie, Brett and Paul R. Amato. 2011. “Does the Unemployment Rate Affect the Divorce Rate? An Analysis of state date 1960-2005.” Social Science Research 40(3): 705-715.
Summary #1:
The goal of this study is to under the association between unemployment and the divorce rate. This study examined these rates between 1960 and 2005. Particularly, they focused on times of financial hardship, most recently, the Great Recession. The authors of this article took into consideration things such as stress, proximity to resources for individuals, the capacity to cope with these hardships. Another thing they considered during this study was the difference in expectations and ideas of marriage and divorce. The results of this study found a link between State unemployment and State divorce rates.
Evaluation #1:
· Source does exist
· Source is reliable
· Lucas represented the key ideas of this source very well
· The summary is useful (should mention that the data analyzed was from 50 states and the District of Columbia)
· Additional lines to the summaryà adding in a quote such as: “The negative association between unemployment and divorce has become weaker in more recent decades”.
Source #2:
Bremmer, Dale and Randy Kasselring. 2004. “Divorce and Female Labor Force Participation: Evidence from times-series data and cointegration.” Atlantic Economic Journal 32(3): 175-190.
Summary #2:
This study examined the connection between women’s rising role in the workforce and the rising divorce rate. The main points of focus during this study were the rising participation and the rising income for women. Another area of focus was the rising age in childbirths, meaning women focused more on their careers than had previously been the case. The study ultimately found that female participation in the workforce does in fact lead to a higher divorce rate. The sociologists in this study reviewed a wide variety of past cases involving the divorce rate associated with female participation in the workforce.
Evaluation #2:
· Source does exist
· Source is reliable
· Lucas did a good job at representing the key ideas of this source
· The summary is useful (the introduction has a lot of numerical facts, they could be useful in the summary)
· Additional lines to the summaryà The divorce rate in the U.S. has increased over the last 40 years. Rising divorce rates have lagged behind rising female labor force participation rates.
Source #3:
Kendall, Todd D. 2010. “The Relationship Between Internet Access and Divorce Rate.” Journal of Family and Economic Issues 32(3): 449-460.
Summary #3:
This study focused on the association of Internet use and divorce rates. There have been many assumptions based on the widespread use of the Internet and divorce, however, Kendall decided to take a closer look at the association between the two. Kendall examines State-wide use against divorce rates and household differences among 40,000 households. He also admits that internet, while having negative outcomes, can also lead to the strong marriage in today’s society. It was difficult to understand the conclusion Kendall came to, but ultimately he was unsure about the overall affect the Internet has on divorce rates.
Evaluation #3:
· Source does exist
· Source is reliable
· Lucas represented the key ideas of this source very well! Great job with this one!
· The summary is very useful
· Additional lines to the summaryà this summary was really good! An additional line that could be added to the summary but isn’t completely necessary would be: in 2001, 42% of divorce cases involved one party meeting a new over interest over the internet.
Morgan Amiaga - family planning/teen pregnancy: *Andrea Kurylas to do Assignment 4 on these references*
This article establishes that family planning directly controls the fertility which benefits individuals and society. Although more people are using contraceptives and many families are wishing fewer children, the population growth still needs to be slowed. More people are being smarter about family planning, however not everyone has the same access to sex education and contraceptives. People who live in more developed nations who are either upper or middle class have more family planning resources. As a result, it would be incredibly beneficial to many if the family planning programs continued to expand where needed.
This article discusses that families with low social economic status desperately need more access to programs and resources that could aid their family planning. With better family planning resources, families have a better chance of breaking out of poverty, the number of child and maternal mortalities would decrease, and the population growth would slow down. The author suggests four ways in which we can make family planning more accessible: (1) spread unawareness on ways to safely practice family planning (2) make sure contraception is affordable (3) make sure that the supply of contraceptives are available by incorporating it in all healthcare systems’ budgets (4) address anything that may be hindering access to family planning programs.
This article focuses on the teen pregnancies rates in Texas. The actual data they used is from 1991-2003, so a lot of the data in this article are projections. Teen pregnancies in Texas have been declining in number, even though Texas has the fifth highest teen pregnancy rate. However, researchers noticed that the number of Hispanics are rapidly increasing and more importantly the number of female teen Hispanics. The teen pregnancy rate for Hispanics has not been declining, so with more female teenage Hispanics, researchers worry the teen pregnancy rate will go up. Efforts to decrease teen pregnancy in Texas proved to be successful in the past, however, it will take time and money to increase family planning methods among the teenage Hispanics residing in Texas.
Ethan Muller: (Claimed by Kareek Best)
Pamela Ray Koch , John Carl Koch (2013), The schism of “isms”: How race, class, gender, and sexuality impact the adoption triad in the United States, in Patricia Neff Claster , Sampson Lee Blair (ed.) Visions of the 21st Century Family: Transforming Structures and Identities (Contemporary Perspectives in Family Research, Volume 7) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.317 - 367
This article explores the effects of how race. gender, and sexuality impact adoption trends across the adoption triad. Tje adoption triad refers to the birth parents, the adoptive parents, and the child being adopted. This articles looks into how race, gender, and sexuality affect and are changed when looking at each aspect of the adoptive triad.
-Judging solely off of the abstract (because that was all I could access), I would add that this source takes a more modern approach to the issue of adoption, as it uses the recent survey of National Adoptive Parents as a basis of their assertions.
2) Perrin, E. C., and B. S. Siegel. "Promoting the Well-Being of Children Whose Parents Are Gay or Lesbian." Pediatrics: E1374-1383. Print.
This article is more of an editorial piece relating to advocating for aoptive practices making it easier for gay and lesbian couples to be able to adopt. The article also talks about ways for gay and lesbian couple yo promote their child’s well-being in a healthy way. The article also uses data to promote the idea of same-sex marriage being allowed because they believe that a child needs a “secure and enduring relationship with a committing and nurturing adults” to enhance the child’s life to the fullest.
-This source also addresses some of the legal disparities that exist between states due to laws about the rights of parenthood that differ from state to state. Things like whether they allow or prohibit the recognition of same-gender marriage, prohibit foster parenting by same-gender couples, among other laws all fall under this category. The source also concludes that marriage does indeed matter when considering the well-being of children, as married people are more physically and emotionally healthier and less likely to engage in health risk. They are also, regardless of orientation, more likely to have a larger amount of relationships with people and institutions, which broadens their social level of support. All of these things increase the likelihood for a positive well-being of a child in a household regardless of if it is a heterosexual or homosexual one.
3) Barn, Ravinder. "‘Doing the Right Thing’: Transracial Adoption in the USA." Ethnic and Racial Studies 36.8: 1273-291. Print.
This article takes a look at adoption trends across racial lines and some possible outcomes. The attitudes on transracial adoption have become polarized and it often questioned whether white parents are “doing the right thing” when adopting cross racial lines.
-The source defines transracial adoption as adoption in which the child is brought in to a family that is racially and culturally different from them. It provides some key factors that contribute to the presence of the discussion (both legal and non legal), specifically in America (increase of black children in foster care, agencies’ reluctance to place black children with white families, and TRA in the context of a post racial society). This study utilized in depth sem-structured interviews with fifteen white adoptive mothers, as mothers are perceived as the “main transmitters of culture.” This topic is addressed by Ravinder within the contexts of humanitarian, ambivalence(ism), and transculturalism.
(CLAIMED BY ALONZA S.) Erika Sanders- Teen Childbearing and its Effects
This sources explains the personal, economic, and social effects of having children at a young age. The study comes to find that these teens who have their first child before the age of 18 are not worse off in some categories. These women are apparently not working less, receive less income, and are not more dependent on public assistance than mothers who wait to have kids. However, when compared to more recent findings, the opposite is true. It also explores other factors associated with being a teen parent, such as child neglect.
Do the listed references actual exist? (0-3, 1 point per source)- Yes the source exists and was easy to find using Google scholar.
Was the student the first to claim the source? (0-3, 1 point per source)- First to claim the source.
Is the source reliable? (0-3, 1 point per source)- The resource is reliable.
Does the student misrepresent key ideas? (0-6, 2 points per source)- Key ideas are represented in the summary.
Is the summary useful? (0-9, 3 points per source)- The source is useful but I think that it is important to note that the study used a sample of teens in 1979.
2.
This source seemed very interesting and stood out to me because it explores more than just the social and financial outcomes of becoming pregnant and becoming a mother during teenage years, but it also highlights the culture of america and how the media plays a role in changing our nation’s demography. That is, the article exposes a specific well-known show “16 and Pregnant” and points out how the show itself can influence major amounts of teens. Contrary to what some may believe though, the study finds that the show actually led teens to educate themselves about abortions and birth control, which is proven with google searches and tweets regarding the matter. Although this source may not be fully scholarly in the class paper, it was definitely an education topic brought about in a different light.
Do the listed references actual exist? (0-3, 1 point per source)- Yes the reference exists.
Was the student the first to claim the source? (0-3, 1 point per source)- Student was first to claim the source.
Is the source reliable? (0-3, 1 point per source)- The source is not reliable for it is a working paper that is not peer reviewed or formally published.
Does the student misrepresent key ideas? (0-6, 2 points per source): Key ideas are represented in their summary.
Is the summary useful? (0-9, 3 points per source): The summary is helpful but the information has not been reviewed.
*Additional/ Alternative Source* Kearney, Melissa and Levine, Phillip. 2012. “Why is the Teen Birth Rate in the United States so High and Why Does it Matter?” The National Bureau of Economic Research. Vol 17965 (?) Pages 6-30
Do the listed references actual exist? (0-3, 1 point per source)- Yes the reference exists.
Was the student the first to claim the source? (0-3, 1 point per source)- Student was first to claim the source.
Is the source reliable? (0-3, 1 point per source)- The source is not reliable for it is a working paper.
Does the student misrepresent key ideas? (0-6, 2 points per source): No summary is provided.
Is the summary useful? (0-9, 3 points per source): No summary is provided.
Preston Thomas III
Astone, N., Nathanson, C., Schoen, R., & Kim, Y. (1999, March 1). Family Demography, Social Theory, and Investment in Social Capital. Retrieved February 1, 2015, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/172370
Ruggles, S. (1986). Family Demography and Family History: Problems and Prospects. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, 23(1), 22-30.
Glick, P. (1988). Fifty Years of Family Demography: A Record of Social Change. Journal of Marriage & Family, 50(4), 861-873.