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Cellular Processes
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Cellular Processes
Photosynthesis
Plants use light energy (for example sunlight) to combine carbon dioxide (CO
2
) and water (H
2
O) to make simple sugars (C
6
H
12
O
6
).
Plant cells also release oxygen gas (O
2
).
Once the sugars are formed, they are either used by the plant or stored in the vacuoles.
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.
Respiration
All organisms, including plants and animals, break down simple sugars (C
6
H
12
O
6
) into carbon dioxide (CO
2
) and water (H
2
O) and release energy.
The cell uses the energy to build, repair, and reproduce cells.
Respiration occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
Waste elimination
Organisms rid the cells of waste products that could be harmful to the cell.
As waste particles accumulate in a cell, the waste will move out of the cell and be eliminated.
The waste particles will move from a more concentrated area to a less concentrated area.
Mitosis
Cell reproduction is called mitosis and occurs in the nucleus of the cell.
Mitosis enables a cell to make an exact copy of it.
Mitosis is a process of cell division, which results in the production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell.
The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell.
Mitosis is needed for growth, replacement, and asexual reproduction.