Cells

Lesson 3.5

Cell division in eukaryotic cells and cancer

Growth for the sake of growth is the ideology of the cancer cell.

Edward Abbey

A breast cancer cell, photographed by a scanning electron microscope, which produces a 3-dimensional images. The overall shape of the cell's surface at a very high magnification. Cancer cells are best identified by internal details, but research with a scanning electron microscope can show how cells respond in changing environments and can show mapping distribution of binding sites of hormones and other biological molecules.

Breast cancer cell by National Cancer Institute / Public Domain

What does the quote by Edward Abbey suggest about cancer cells?

Lesson 3.5 Essential Question

Why is the process of cell division important?

Lesson 3.5 Learning Targets 

Get a hard copy of this table from your teacher. Below are the learning targets you will master during this lesson.

As a pre-assessment, before the lesson begins, please circle the number that describes your current understanding of the learning target.

Before the formative assessment for this lesson, please draw a triangle around the number that describes your understanding of the learning target.

Before the summative assessment, please draw a square around the number that describes your understanding of the learning target.

Learning Targets for Lesson 3.5

My self-assessment

1 - I have never seen this learning target before.

2 - I have seen this learning target, but I don't know what it means.

3 - I have seen this learning target, and I think I know what it means

4 - I can explain this learning target to another student.

I can explain what occurs during Interphase of the cell cycle.

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I can explain what occurs during each of the four phases of mitosis.

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I can explain how a cancer cell differs from a normal cell.

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I can describe what a mutation is.

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I can describe how mutations play a role in the development of cancer.

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I can describe what influences mutations to occur that may lead to the development of cancer.

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Lesson 3.5 Vocabulary

Get a hard copy of this table from your teacher. Below are the vocabulary terms you will master during this lesson.

As a pre-assessment, before the lesson begins, please circle the number that describes your current understanding of the term.

You will complete the “Definitions” and “Extra Practice” (shaded gray*) as we progress throughout the unit.

Before each formative assessment, you will reassess your understanding of the terms. When instructed, please draw a triangle around the number that describes your understanding of the term.

Finally, at the end of the unit (before the summative assessment) you will make a final assessment of your understanding of the terms. When instructed, please draw a square around the number that describes your understanding of the term.

Term

1 - I have never seen this term before.

2 - I have seen this term, but I don't know what it means.

3 - I have seen this term, and I think I know what it means

4 - I can explain this term and its meaning to another student.

Definition

Extra Practice

Prefixes and Suffixes: Find out what the word parts mean, then put them together

Sentence: Use the term properly in a complete sentence

Sketch: Draw a sketch of the term

Examples: Give examples of the term

On Your Own: Choose your own option or write an alternative definition using your prior knowledge.

1. Cell cycle

 

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Briefly explain what happens in the cell cycle.

 

Explain how the cell cycle is important to cells.

2. Growth 1 (G1) phase

 

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What is happening within the cell during this phase?

 

 

Does this occur before or after mitosis?

3. Synthesis (S) phase

 

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What happens to the DNA of the cell during this phase?

 

 

 

Why does this phase need to happen?

4. Growth 2 (G2) phase

 

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What is happening in the cell during this phase?

 

 

5. Interphase

 

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What are the phases that make up Interphase?

6. Mitosis (M) phase

 

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What happens to the nucleus during mitosis?

 

 

Do all living cells undergo mitosis? Explain your answer.

 

 

7. Chromatin

 

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What macromolecule is chromatin composed of?

 

 

Where can chromatin be found in the cell?

8. Histones

 

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Explain the relationship between histones and DNA.

 

 

 

9. Prophase

 

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Draw a labeled diagram of a cell in this phase of mitosis, including labeled structures.

10. Chromosomes

 

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What macromolecule are chromosomes composed of?

 

 

How are chromosomes different from chromatin?

11. Spindle apparatus

 

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Draw a spindle apparatus.

12. Centromere

 

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What is a centromere and where is it located in a cell?

13. Metaphase

 

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Draw a diagram of a cell in this phase, including labeled structures.

14. Sister chromatids

 

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How are sister chromatids and chromosomes related? Draw a diagram to support your statements.

15. Anaphase

 

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Draw a diagram of a cell in this phase, including labeled structures.

16. Telophase

 

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Draw a diagram of a cell in this phase, including labeled structures.

17. Cytokinesis

 

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How is cytokinesis different from mitosis?

 

 

 

How is cytokinesis in plant cells different from cytokinesis in animal cells?

18. Cell plate

 

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Where is this found in a cell?

 

Why does it form?

19. Cancer cell

 

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How is a cancer cell different from a normal cell?

20. Contact inhibition

 

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Why is this important to cells?

21. Cyclins

 

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How are cyclins used by a cell?

22. Mutation

 

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Where do mutations take place in a cell?

 

 

In what specific ways can a mutation affect a cell?

Pre-Assessment of Vocabulary Terms (Partner Brainstorming Bubble Maps)

Once you have made your individual initial circles for the above terms, please discuss each term with a partner. Brainstorm what you each think the terms mean. Make a bubble map for each term with your ideas. Possible questions to consider:

  1. Have either of you ever heard of any of the terms before? If yes, in what context?

  2. What do you visualize when you hear the term?

  3. Do the terms remind either of you of anything? If yes, what?

  4. Can you think of any examples of the terms? If yes, what?

  5. Record your ideas below.