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Gildea, Robert. Barricades and Borders: Europe 1800-1914. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. http://www.questiaschool.com/read/55547824.
Romano, Sergio. An Outline of European History from 1789 to 1989. New York: Berghahn Books, 1999. http://www.questiaschool.com/read/847097.
Webster, Hutton. Modern European History. Boston: D. C. Heath & Co., 1920.
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