China’s 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030): Bilingual Translation

Complete Document with Original Chinese Text

Translated/formatted by Claude Cowork, via Sinocism.com 

Table of Contents / 目录

Part 1: Striving to Open a New Situation in Building Modernization with Chinese Characteristics / 第一篇 奋力开创中国式现代化建设新局面

• Chapter 1: Development Environment / 第一章 发展环境
• Chapter 2: Guiding Principles / 第二章 指导方针
• Chapter 3: Main Objectives / 第三章 主要目标

Part 2: Building a Modern Industrial System and Consolidating the Foundation of the Real Economy / 第二篇 建设现代化产业体系 巩固壮大实体经济根基

• Chapter 4: Optimizing and Upgrading Traditional Industries / 第四章 优化提升传统产业
• Chapter 5: Cultivating and Strengthening Emerging Industries and Future Industries / 第五章 培育壮大新兴产业和未来产业
• Chapter 6: Promoting High-Quality and Efficient Development of Service Industries / 第六章 促进服务业优质高效发展
• Chapter 7: Constructing a Modern Infrastructure System / 第七章 构建现代化基础设施体系

Part 3: Accelerating High-Level Science and Technology Self-Reliance and Leading the Development of New Quality Productive Forces / 第三篇 加快高水平科技自立自强 引领发展新质生产力

• Chapter 8: Strengthening Original Innovation and Key Core Technology Breakthroughs / 第八章 加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关
• Chapter 9: Improving Systematic Innovation Capacity / 第九章 提高体系化创新能力
• Chapter 10: Strengthening the Principal Position of Enterprises in Science and Technology Innovation / 第十章 强化企业科技创新主体地位
• Chapter 11: Integrated Advancement of Education, Science and Technology, and Talent Development / 第十一章 一体推进教育科技人才发展

Part 4: Deeply Advancing Digital China Construction and Elevating Digital Intelligence Development Level / 第四篇 深入推进数字中国建设 提升数智化发展水平

• Chapter 12: Strengthening Efficient Supply of Computing Power, Algorithms, and Data / 第十二章 强化算力算法数据高效供给
• Chapter 13: Comprehensively Promoting Digital Intelligence Technology Empowerment / 第十三章 全方位推进数智技术赋能
• Chapter 14: Creating a Healthy and Orderly Development Ecosystem / 第十四章 营造健康有序的发展生态

Part 5: Building a Strong Domestic Market and Accelerating the Construction of a New Development Pattern / 第五篇 建设强大国内市场 加快构建新发展格局

• Chapter 15: Vigorously Boosting Consumption / 第十五章 大力提振消费
• Chapter 16: Expanding Effective Investment / 第十六章 扩大有效投资
• Chapter 17: Deeply Advancing Construction of the National Unified Market / 第十七章 纵深推进全国统一大市场建设

Part 6: Accelerating the Construction of a High-Level Socialist Market Economic System and Enhancing the Momentum for High-Quality Development / 第六篇 加快构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制 增强高质量发展动力

• Chapter 18: Fully Stimulating the Vitality of All Types of Business Entities / 第十八章 充分激发各类经营主体活力
• Chapter 19: Accelerating the Improvement of Market-Oriented Allocation of Factors / 第十九章 加快完善要素市场化配置体制机制
• Chapter 20: Improving the Macro-Economic Governance System / 第二十章 健全宏观经济治理体系

Part 7: Expanding High-Level Opening Up and Opening a New Situation of Win-Win Cooperation / 第七篇 扩大高水平对外开放 开创合作共赢新局面

• Chapter 21: Actively Expanding Autonomous Opening Up / 第二十一章 积极扩大自主开放
• Chapter 22: Elevating the Quality and Level of Trade and Investment Cooperation / 第二十二章 提升贸易投资合作质量和水平
• Chapter 23: High-Quality Joint Construction of the “Belt and Road” / 第二十三章 高质量共建“一带一路”
• Chapter 24: Promoting the Construction of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind / 第二十四章 推动构建人类命运共同体

Part 8: Accelerating Agricultural and Rural Modernization and Solidly Advancing Comprehensive Rural Revitalization / 第八篇 加快农业农村现代化 扎实推进乡村全面振兴

• Chapter 25: Enhancing Agricultural Comprehensive Production Capacity and Quality Benefits / 第二十五章 提升农业综合生产能力和质量效益
• Chapter 26: Promoting the Construction of Livable, Industry-Friendly, and Beautiful Countryside / 第二十六章 推进宜居宜业和美乡村建设
• Chapter 27: Enhancing the Effectiveness of Policies that Benefit Agriculture, Farmers, and Rural Areas / 第二十七章 提高强农惠农富农政策效能

Part 9: Optimizing Regional Economic Layout and Promoting Regional Coordinated Development / 第九篇 优化区域经济布局 促进区域协调发展

• Chapter 28: Enhancing Regional Development Coordination / 第二十八章 增强区域发展协调性
• Chapter 29: Promoting Regional Linked Development / 第二十九章 促进区域联动发展
• Chapter 30: Optimizing the National Territorial Space Development Pattern / 第三十章 优化国土空间发展格局
• Chapter 31: Deeply Advancing People-Centered New-Type Urbanization / 第三十一章 深入推进以人为本的新型城镇化
• Chapter 32: Strengthening Marine Development, Utilization, and Protection / 第三十二章 加强海洋开发利用保护

Part 10: Inspiring the Cultural Innovation and Creation Vitality of the Entire Nation and Prospering and Developing Socialist Culture / 第十篇 激发全民族文化创新创造活力 繁荣发展社会主义文化

• Chapter 33: Promoting and Practicing Socialist Core Values / 第三十三章 弘扬和践行社会主义核心价值观
• Chapter 34: Vigorously Prospering Cultural Undertakings / 第三十四章 大力繁荣文化事业
• Chapter 35: Accelerating the Development of Cultural Industries / 第三十五章 加快发展文化产业
• Chapter 36: Elevating the Communication and Influence of Chinese Civilization / 第三十六章 提升中华文明传播力影响力

Part 11: Improving the Population Development Strategy and Promoting High-Quality Population Development / 第十一篇 完善人口发展战略 促进人口高质量发展

• Chapter 37: Building a Fertility-Friendly Society / 第三十七章 建设生育友好型社会
• Chapter 38: Running Education to the Satisfaction of the People / 第三十八章 办好人民满意的教育
• Chapter 39: Accelerating the Construction of Healthy China / 第三十九章 加快建设健康中国
• Chapter 40: Actively Responding to Population Aging / 第四十章 积极应对人口老龄化

Part 12: Strengthening Livelihood Protection and Improvement and Solidly Advancing Common Prosperity for All People / 第十二篇 加大保障和改善民生力度 扎实推进全体人民共同富裕

• Chapter 41: Promoting High-Quality Full Employment / 第四十一章 促进高质量充分就业
• Chapter 42: Improving the Income Distribution System / 第四十二章 完善收入分配制度
• Chapter 43: Improving the Social Security System / 第四十三章 健全社会保障体系
• Chapter 44: Promoting High-Quality Development of Real Estate / 第四十四章 推动房地产高质量发展
• Chapter 45: Steadily Advancing Equalization of Basic Public Services / 第四十五章 稳步推进基本公共服务均等化
• Chapter 46: Safeguarding the Development Rights and Interests of All Groups / 第四十六章 保障各类群体发展权益

Part 13: Accelerating the Comprehensive Green Transition of Economic and Social Development and Building Beautiful China / 第十三篇 加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型 建设美丽中国

• Chapter 47: Actively and Prudently Advancing and Achieving Carbon Peaking / 第四十七章 积极稳妥推进和实现碳达峰
• Chapter 48: Continuously Improving Environmental Quality / 第四十八章 持续改善环境质量
• Chapter 49: Enhancing the Diversity, Stability, and Sustainability of Ecological Systems / 第四十九章 提升生态系统多样性稳定性持续性
• Chapter 50: Accelerating the Formation of Green Production and Living Patterns / 第五十章 加快形成绿色生产生活方式

Part 14: Advancing the Modernization of National Security System and Capacity and Building a Higher-Level Safe China / 第十四篇 推进国家安全体系和能力现代化 建设更高水平平安中国

• Chapter 51: Strengthening National Security System and Capacity Building / 第五十一章 加强国家安全体系和能力建设
• Chapter 52: Safeguarding National Economic Security / 第五十二章 保障国家经济安全
• Chapter 53: Improving the Level of Public Safety Governance / 第五十三章 提高公共安全治理水平
• Chapter 54: Improving the Social Governance System / 第五十四章 完善社会治理体系

Part 15: Achieving the Centennial Military Goal on Schedule and Advancing High-Quality National Defense and Military Modernization / 第十五篇 如期实现建军一百年奋斗目标 高质量推进国防和军队现代化

• Chapter 55: Focusing on Improving the Quality and Efficiency of National Defense and Military Modernization / 第五十五章 着力提高国防和军队现代化质量效益
• Chapter 56: Consolidating and Improving the Integrated National Strategic System and Capacity / 第五十六章 巩固提高一体化国家战略体系和能力

Part 16: Developing Full-Process People’s Democracy and Improving the Socialist Rule-of-Law System with Chinese Characteristics / 第十六篇 发展全过程人民民主 完善中国特色社会主义法治体系

• Chapter 57: Developing Socialist Democracy / 第五十七章 发展社会主义民主
• Chapter 58: Advancing Comprehensive Rule of Law / 第五十八章 推进全面依法治国

Part 17: Adhering to and Improving “One Country, Two Systems” and Advancing National Reunification / 第十七篇 坚持和完善“一国两制” 推进祖国统一

• Chapter 59: Promoting the Long-Term Prosperity and Stability of Hong Kong and Macau / 第五十九章 促进香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定
• Chapter 60: Promoting Peaceful Development of Cross-Strait Relations and Advancing the Great Enterprise of National Reunification / 第六十章 推动两岸关系和平发展、推进祖国统一大业

Part 18: Strengthening Plan Implementation Guarantees / 第十八篇 加强规划实施保障

• Chapter 61: Adhering to and Strengthening the Centralized and Unified Leadership of the Party Central Committee / 第六十一章 坚持和加强党中央集中统一领导
• Chapter 62: Improving the Full-Cycle Mechanism for Plan Implementation / 第六十二章 健全规划实施全周期推进机制

Preface

Note

此报告以本次大会最后审议通过并由新华社公布的文本为准。

This report shall be based on the text finally reviewed and approved by this Conference and published by Xinhua News Agency.

Overview

The 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China (2026-2030) and the Outline of Long-Term Goals to 2035, formulated in accordance with the Suggestions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, primarily elaborate the state’s strategic intentions, clarify the government’s work priorities, guide and regulate the behavior of social actors, and constitute the magnificent blueprint for comprehensively building a modern socialist country during the “15th Five-Year” period and serve as the common action program for people of all ethnic groups throughout the nation.

中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 民 经 济 和 社 会 发 展 第 十 五 个 五 年 （2026—2030 年）规划纲要，根据《中共中央关于制定国民经济和 社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》编制，主要阐明国家战略意图， 明确政府工作重点，引导规范社会主体行为，是“十五五”时期我 国全面建设社会主义现代化国家的宏伟蓝图，是全国各族人民共同 的行动纲领。

Part 1: Opening Up a New Situation in Building Modernization with Chinese Characteristics

Chapter 1: Development Environment

Section 1: Major Achievements in Development During the “14th Five-Year” Period

The “14th Five-Year” period was the opening and initial phase of the new journey to comprehensively build a modern socialist country. China’s development experience was extraordinary and remarkable. Facing a complex international situation and arduous, heavy domestic tasks of reform, development, and stability, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core united and led the entire Party and all ethnic groups throughout the nation, rising to the challenge and advancing steadily, withstanding the severe impact of the century’s pandemic, effectively responding to a series of major risks and challenges, and achieving new major accomplishments in the cause of the Party and state.

第一篇 奋力开创中国式现代化建设新局面 “十五五”时期在基本实现社会主义现代化进程中具有承前启后的重要地位，是夯实基础、全面发力的关键时期，必须不懈努力、接续奋斗，推动事关中国式现代化全局的战略任务取得重大突破，为基本实现社会主义现代化奠定更加坚实的基础。 第一章 发展环境 站在新的起点上，我国发展基础更加坚实，发展环境发生深刻复杂变化，面临新的机遇和挑战。 第一节 “十四五”时期我国发展取得重大成就 “十四五”时期是全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的开局起步阶段，我国发展历程极不寻常、极不平凡。面对错综复杂的国际形势和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全党全国各族人民，迎难而上、砥砺前行，经受住世纪疫情严重冲击，有效应对一系列重大风险挑战，推动党和国家事业取得新的重大成就。

The new development philosophy has fully demonstrated its guiding role, and major progress has been made in building a new development pattern. New quality productive forces are steadily developing, and high-quality development is solidly advancing. Economic operations remain stable with progress, with gross domestic product breaking through 140 trillion yuan. Major progress has been achieved in building a modern industrial system, basic infrastructure support capacity continues to improve, and the added value of digital economy core industries exceeds 10.5% of GDP. Regional and urban-rural development balance and coordination have strengthened. Science and technology innovation has yielded abundant results, with total R&D expenditure intensity of society reaching 2.8%, major breakthroughs achieved in key core technologies, and major original scientific and technological achievements obtained.

新发展理念引领作用全面彰显，构建新发展格局迈出重要步伐，新质生产力稳步发展，高质量发展扎实推进。经济运行稳中有进，国内生产总值突破 140 万亿元，现代化产业体系建设取得重大进展，基础设施支撑能力不断提升，数字经济核心产业增加值占比超过 10.5%，城乡区域发展平衡性协调性增强。科技创新成果丰硕，全社会研发经费投入强度达到 2.8%，攻克一批重大关键核心技术，取得一批重大原创科技成果。

Comprehensive deepening of reform has made further progress, with the institutional mechanisms for implementing the “two unwavering” policies continuing to be improved. Positive progress has been made in building the national unified market, and macro-economic governance effectiveness has been further enhanced. High-level opening up continues to expand, with a new system for open-type economy rapidly taking shape. High-quality joint construction of the “Belt and Road” Initiative has deepened and borne fruit. Full-process people’s democracy has deepened, and comprehensive law-based governance has been effectively implemented. Cultural undertakings and industries have flourished vibrantly, with a rich diversity of spiritual and cultural products. Livelihood security has been solidly consolidated, with average annual disposable income for residents growing by 5.4%, cumulative new urban employment reaching 62.42 million, average years of education for working-age population reaching 11.3 years, and per capita life expectancy rising above 79 years. The results of poverty eradication have been consolidated and expanded. The pace of green and low-carbon transition has quickened, with ecological environment quality continuously improving. Non-fossil energy power generation capacity has exceeded fossil energy, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration in cities at prefectural level and above has dropped to 28 micrograms per cubic meter, water bodies reaching or better than Class III standards exceed 90%, and forest coverage exceeds 25%. National security capabilities have been effectively enhanced, grain output has reached a new high of 1.4 trillion jin, social governance effectiveness has increased, and social order remains stable. National defense and military construction has achieved major progress. The “One Country, Two Systems” practice has advanced deeply. China’s major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics has comprehensively expanded. Comprehensive and strict Party governance has shown remarkable achievements, with anti-corruption struggle advancing comprehensively, and the Party’s creativity, cohesion, and fighting capability notably enhanced.

全面深化改革进一步推进，落实“两个毫不动摇”的体制机制不断完善，全国统一大市场建设取得积极成效，宏观经济治理效能进一步提升。高水平对外开放不断扩大，开放型经济新体制加快形成，高质量共建“一带一路”走深走实。全过程人民民主深入发展，全面依法治国有效实施。文化事业和文化产业蓬勃发展，精神文化产品丰富多彩。民生保障扎实稳固，居民人均可支配收入年均增长 5.4%，城镇新增就业累计达到 6242 万人，劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限达到 11.3 年，人均预期寿命提升至 79 岁以上，脱贫攻坚成果巩固拓展。绿色低碳转型步伐加快，生态环境质量持续改善，非化石能源发电装机容量超过化石能源，地级及以上城市细颗粒物（PM2.5）浓度降至 28 微克/立方米，地表水达到或好于Ⅲ类水体比例超过 90%，森林覆盖率超过 25%。国家安全能力有效提升，粮食产量迈上 1.4 万亿斤大台阶，社会治理效能增强，社会大局保持稳定。国防和军队建设取得重大进展。“一国两制”实践深入推进。中国特色大国外交全面拓展。全面从严治党成效显著，反腐败斗争纵深推进，党的创造力、凝聚力、战斗力明显提高。

The main targets and tasks of the “14th Five-Year” Plan have been victoriously accomplished. China’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, and comprehensive national strength have reached new heights, Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps, and the new journey to pursue the second centennial goal has achieved a good start. These major accomplishments have been achieved fundamentally because of the navigation and helm of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, and because of the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. They are the result of the entire Party, the entire military, and people of all ethnic groups throughout the nation uniting and striving with determination.

“十四五”规划主要目标任务胜利完成，我国经济实力、科技实力、国防实力、综合国力跃上新台阶，中国式现代化迈出新的坚实步伐，第二个百年奋斗目标新征程实现良好开局。这些重大成就的取得，根本在于以习近平同志为核心的党中央领航掌舵，在于习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引，是全党全军全国各族人民聚力攻坚、团结奋斗的结果。

Section 2: Profound and Complex Changes in China’s Development Environment During the “15th Five-Year” Period

Standing at a new starting point, China’s development foundation is more solid, development environment has undergone profound and complex changes, and we face both new opportunities and challenges.

第二节 “十五五”时期我国发展环境面临深刻复杂变化 大国关系牵动国际形势，国际形势演变深刻影响国内发展，我国发展处于战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期。从国际看，世界百年变局加速演进，国际力量对比深刻调整，新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速突破，我国具备主动运筹国际空间、塑造外部环境的诸多有利因素。同时，世界变乱交织、动荡加剧，地缘冲突易发多发，全球治理赤字加重、安全问题凸显；单边主义、保护主义抬头，霸权主义和强权政治威胁上升，国际经济贸易秩序遇到严峻挑战，世界经济增长动能不足、风险积累；大国博弈更加复杂激烈，外部环境的不确定性不稳定性明显增强。

Transformation of great power relations affects the international situation. Evolution of the international situation deeply influences domestic development. China’s development is in a period where strategic opportunities coexist with risks and challenges, with increasing uncertain and unpredictable factors. Internationally, the century-long global transformation is accelerating, the international balance of power is profoundly adjusting, and a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating. China possesses many favorable factors to actively manage international space and shape the external environment. Simultaneously, global disorder and chaos intertwine, turbulence intensifies, geopolitical conflicts readily occur, global governance deficits deepen, and security issues become prominent. Unilateralism and protectionism are rising, hegemonic and great-power politics threats are increasing, the international economic and trade order faces severe challenges, and world economic growth momentum is insufficient with accumulating risks. Great power competition becomes more complex and intense, and external environmental uncertainty and instability are clearly strengthening.

From the domestic perspective, China’s economic foundation is solid, advantages are many, resilience is strong, and potential is large. The long-term beneficial supporting conditions and basic trends have not changed, and the advantages of the Chinese socialist system, the super-large scale market, the complete industrial system, and abundant human talent resources are becoming increasingly prominent. Meanwhile, development imbalances and inadequacies remain prominent, with cyclical, structural, and institutional problems intertwined. Insufficient effective demand stands out, with strong supply and weak demand contradiction prominent, and bottlenecks exist in the domestic circulation. The task of new-and-old kinetic energy transition is arduous. Agricultural and rural modernization lags relatively. Employment and resident income growth face greater pressure, and livelihood security has weak points. Changes in population structure pose new questions for economic development and social governance. Important fields still harbor risk hidden dangers, and the tasks of preventing and defusing risks in real estate, local government debt, and small and medium financial institutions are heavy.

从国内看，我国经济基础稳、优势多、韧性强、潜能大，长期向好的支撑条件和基本趋势没有变，中国特色社会主义制度优势、超大规模市场优势、完整产业体系优势、丰富人才资源优势更加彰显。同时，发展不平衡不充分问题仍然突出，周期性、结构性、体制性问题相互交织；有效需求不足，供强需弱矛盾突出，国内大循环存在卡点堵点；新旧动能转换任务艰巨；农业农村现代化相对滞后；就业和居民收入增长压力较大，民生保障存在短板弱项；人口结构变化给经济发展、社会治理等提出新课题；重点领域还有风险隐患，防范化解房地产、地方政府债务、中小金融机构等风险任务繁重。

Transformation contains opportunities, and challenges stimulate determination. Facing changes in international conditions and various risks and challenges, we must profoundly comprehend the decisive significance of the “two establishments,” strengthen the “four consciousnesses,” firmly establish the “four confidences,” and achieve the “two maintenances.” We must maintain strategic resolve, strengthen confidence in inevitable victory, actively recognize and respond to changes, dare to struggle and be good at struggle, and bravely face major tests with high winds and waves, even hurricanes and tempests. With a spirit of historical initiative, we must overcome difficulties, combat risks, and meet challenges. We must concentrate our efforts on managing our own affairs well, comprehensively plan and carefully arrange, consolidate and expand advantages, remove bottleneck constraints, and strengthen weak points and shortcomings. In intense international competition, we must win strategic initiative and respond to various uncertainties with the certainty of high-quality development, continuing to write new chapters of rapid economic development and long-term social stability as two great miracles.

变局蕴含机遇，挑战激发斗志。面对国际风云变幻和各种风险挑战，必须深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，保持战略定力，增强必胜信心，积极识变应变求变，敢于斗争、善于斗争，勇于面对风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大考验，以历史主动精神克难关、战风险、迎挑战，集中力量办好自己的事，统筹布局、精心安排，巩固拓展优势、破除瓶颈制约、补强短板弱项，在激烈国际竞争中赢得战略主动，以高质量发展的确定性应对各种不确定性，续写经济快速发展和社会长期稳定两大奇迹新篇章。

Chapter 2: Guiding Principles

Section 1: Guiding Ideology

To advance economic and social development during the “15th Five-Year” period, we must firmly grasp the following guiding ideology and major principles.

We must uphold Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, “Three Represents” important ideology, and Scientific Outlook on Development, comprehensively implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th and successive Central Committees of the Party, conscientiously implement arrangements from the Fourth Plenary Session, focus on comprehensively building a modern socialist strong country and realizing the second centennial goal, and advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization comprehensively. We must coordinate the implementation of the overall layout of “Five in One” and the strategic layout of “Four Comprehensives,” balance domestic and international situations, thoroughly and accurately implement the new development philosophy, accelerate building the new development pattern, adhere to the working principle of making progress while ensuring stability, adhere to economic construction as the center, take high-quality development as the theme, take reform and innovation as fundamental driving force, take satisfying the people’s ever-growing need for a better life as the fundamental purpose, and take comprehensive and strict Party governance as fundamental guarantee. We must promote qualitative improvement and reasonable growth of the economy, advance comprehensive development of people and the common prosperity of all people, and ensure that decisive progress is achieved in basically realizing socialist modernization.

第二章 指导方针 推动“十五五”时期经济社会发展，必须牢牢把握以下指导思想和重大原则。 第一节 指导思想 坚持马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观，全面贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，深入贯彻党的二十大和二十届历次全会精神，认真落实四中全会部署，围绕全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴，统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，统筹国内国际两个大局，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，坚持以经济建设为中心，以推动高质量发展为主题，以改革创新为根本动力，以满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要为根本目的，以全面从严治党为根本保障，推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长，推动人的全面发展、全体人民共同富裕迈出坚实步伐，确保基本实现社会主义现代化取得决定性进展。

Section 2: Principles That Must Be Adhered To

We must adhere to comprehensive Party leadership. We must resolutely safeguard the authority and centralized unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, improve the Party’s capacity to set direction, plan the overall situation, formulate policy, and promote reform, integrate Party leadership throughout all aspects and entire processes of economic and social development, and provide fundamental guarantee for our country’s socialist modernization construction.

We must uphold people-centered approach. We must respect the people’s principal position, rely closely on the people, safeguard the fundamental interests of the people, promote social fairness and justice, emphasize protecting and improving livelihood in development, expand development space in meeting livelihood needs, promote coordinated development of economy and society, achieve mutual complementation of material and spiritual civilization, and let the fruits of modernization construction more abundantly and equitably benefit all people.

We must persist in high-quality development. We must use the new development philosophy to guide development, develop new quality productive forces suited to local conditions, strengthen the domestic circulation, ensure smooth operation of both domestic and international circulations, coordinate expanding domestic demand and deepening supply-side structural reform, accelerate cultivating new growth drivers, promote economic structure optimization and upgrading, do well with incremental stock while revitalizing existing stock, and promote sustainable economic development and comprehensive social progress.

We must adhere to comprehensive deepening of reform. We must focus on systemic and institutional obstacles constraining high-quality development, promote deep-level reform, expand high-level opening up, and promote better adaptation of productive relations and productive forces, superstructure and economic foundation, state governance and social development, and continuously strengthen development momentum and social vitality.

We must uphold the combination of effective market and capable government. We must fully leverage the market’s decisive role in resource allocation, better leverage the government’s role, build a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, establish a market-based and law-based economy and credit economy, create a market-based, law-based, and internationalized first-class business environment, and form an economic order that is both “flexible enough to release vitality” and “well-managed.”

We must coordinate development and security. We must ensure security in development, seek development in security, strengthen bottom-line thinking, effectively prevent and defuse all types of risks, enhance economic and social resilience, and safeguard the new development pattern with the new security pattern.

第二节 必须遵循的原则 ——坚持党的全面领导。坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，提高党把方向、谋大局、定政策、促改革能力，把党的领导贯穿经济社会发展各方面全过程，为我国社会主义现代化建设提供根本保证。 ——坚持人民至上。尊重人民主体地位，紧紧依靠人民，维护人民根本利益，促进社会公平正义，注重在发展中保障和改善民生，在满足民生需求中拓展发展空间，推动经济和社会协调发展、物质文明和精神文明相得益彰，让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。 ——坚持高质量发展。以新发展理念引领发展，因地制宜发展新质生产力，做强国内大循环，畅通国内国际双循环，统筹扩大内需和深化供给侧结构性改革，加快培育新动能，促进经济结构优化升级，做优增量、盘活存量，推动经济持续健康发展和社会全面进步。 ——坚持全面深化改革。聚焦制约高质量发展的体制机制障碍，推进深层次改革，扩大高水平开放，推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展更好相适应，持续增强发展动力和社会活力。 ——坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合。充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，构建统一、开放、竞争、有序的市场体系，建设法治经济、信用经济，打造市场化法治化国际化一流营商环境，形成既“放得活”又“管得好”的经济秩序。 ——坚持统筹发展和安全。在发展中固安全，在安全中谋发展，强化底线思维，有效防范化解各类风险，增强经济和社会韧性，以新安全格局保障新发展格局。

Chapter 3: Main Objectives

During the “15th Five-Year” period, economic and social development should achieve the following objectives:

High-Quality Development Achieves Significant Effectiveness

On the basis of structural optimization and quality improvement, GDP growth maintains reasonable range with annual targets set appropriately to provide good foundation for doubling per capita GDP by 2035 compared with 2020 and reaching middle-income developed country level. Total factor productivity steadily improves, with continuous increase in technology progress and institutional innovation’s contribution to economic growth. Resident consumption rate noticeably rises, with domestic demand pulling economic growth as the primary force continues strengthening, and economic growth potential is fully released. National unified market construction deepens, with super-large scale market advantages continuing to manifest. New industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization achieve major progress, with modern industrial system integrity, advancement, and security rapidly improving, urban-rural and regional development coordination further strengthening, and major breakthroughs achieved in developing new quality productive forces, building new development pattern, and constructing modern economic system.

第三章 主要目标 “十五五”时期经济社会发展要实现以下目标。 ——高质量发展取得显著成效。在结构优化和质量提升基础上，国内生产总值增长保持在合理区间、各年度视情提出，为到 2035 年人均国内生产总值比 2020 年翻一番、达到中等发达国家水平打好基础。全要素生产率稳步提升，科技进步和制度创新对经济增长的贡献持续加大。居民消费率明显提高，内需拉动经济增长主动力作用持续增强，经济增长潜力得到充分释放。全国统一大市场建设纵深推进，超大规模市场优势持续显现。新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化取得重大进展，现代化产业体系完整性、先进性、安全性加快提升，城乡区域发展协调性进一步增强，发展新质生产力、构建新发展格局、建设现代化经济体系取得重大突破。

Science and Technology Self-Reliance and Self-Strengthening Level Significantly Increases

National innovation system overall effectiveness notably improves, total society R&D expenditure investment averages over 7% annual growth, education-science-technology-talent integration development pattern basically forms. Basic research and original innovation capacity significantly strengthen, key core technology breakthroughs in important fields quickly achieve, with production of major original, landmark, and leading scientific and technological results, and fields of parallel and leading internationally clearly increase. Science-technology innovation and industrial innovation deeply integrate, with evident enhancement of innovation-driven effect.

——科技自立自强水平大幅提高。国家创新体系整体效能显著提升，全社会研发经费投入年均增长 7%以上，教育科技人才一体发展格局基本形成。基础研究和原始创新能力显著增强，重点领域关键核心技术快速突破，产出一批重大原创性、标志性、引领性科技成果，并跑领跑领域明显增多。科技创新和产业创新深度融合，创新驱动作用明显增强。

Further Comprehensive Deepening of Reform Achieves New Breakthroughs

National governance system and capacity modernization advances deeply. Socialist market economy system becomes more perfect. High-level opening up institutional mechanisms become more sound. More fair and vibrant market environment rapidly forms. Full-process people’s democracy institutionalization, normalization, and proceduralization levels further improve. Socialist rule-of-law country construction reaches higher level.

——进一步全面深化改革取得新突破。国家治理体系和治理能力现代化深入推进，社会主义市场经济体制更加完善，高水平对外开放体制机制更加健全，更加公平、更有活力的市场环境加快形成，全过程人民民主制度化、规范化、程序化水平进一步提高，社会主义法治国家建设达到更高水平。

Social Civilization Level Notably Elevates

Cultural confidence becomes more steadfast. Mainstream ideological and public opinion continue strengthening. Socialist core values are widely practiced. Cultural innovation and creation vitality of the entire nation continuously inspire. People’s spiritual and cultural life becomes richer. Chinese nation cohesion and Chinese culture influence notably strengthen. National soft power continues improving.

——社会文明程度明显提升。文化自信更加坚定，主流思想舆论不断巩固壮大，社会主义核心价值观广泛践行，全民族文化创新创造活力不断激发，人民精神文化生活更加丰富，中华民族凝聚力和中华文化影响力显著增强，国家软实力持续提高。

People’s Living Standards Continuously Improve

Employment maintains overall stability, with urban surveyed unemployment rate below 5.5%, and new progress achieved in high-quality full employment. Resident income growth synchronizes with economic growth, labor compensation increase synchronizes with labor productivity increase, distribution structure is optimized, and middle-income groups continuously expand. Average years of education for working-age population improve to 11.7 years, elderly pension and childcare services meeting people’s needs better, per capita life expectancy improves to 80 years, social security system becomes more optimized and more sustainable, and basic public services equalization level notably improves.

——人民生活品质不断提高。就业保持总体稳定，城镇调查失业率低于 5.5%，高质量充分就业取得新进展。居民收入增长和经济增长同步、劳动报酬提高和劳动生产率提高同步，分配结构得到优化，中等收入群体持续扩大。劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限提高到 11.7 年，人民群众养老托育服务需求得到更好满足，人均预期寿命提高到 80 岁，社会保障制度更加优化更可持续，基本公共服务均等化水平明显提升。

Beautiful China Construction Achieves New Major Progress

Green production and lifestyle basically forms. Carbon peak targets are realized on schedule. Per unit GDP CO2 emissions decline by 17%. Clean, low-carbon, safe, efficient new energy system initially builds. Ecological environment quality comprehensively improves. Major pollutant emission totals continue reducing. PM2.5 concentration in cities at prefectural level and above declines to below 27 micrograms per cubic meter. Water quality excellent proportion improves to 85%. Forest coverage reaches 25.8%. Ecosystem diversity, stability, and sustainability continue improving.

——美丽中国建设取得新的重大进展。绿色生产生活方式基本形成，碳达峰目标如期实现，单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放降低 17%，清洁低碳安全高效的新型能源体系初步建成。生态环境质量全面改善，主要污染物排放总量持续减少，地级及以上城市细颗粒物（PM2.5）浓度降至27微克/立方米以下，优良水体比例提高到85%，森林覆盖率达到 25.8%，生态系统多样性稳定性持续性不断提升。

National Security Barrier More Consolidated

National security system and capacity further strengthen. Comprehensive grain production capacity reaches approximately 1.45 trillion jin. Comprehensive energy production capacity reaches 5.8 billion tons of standard coal equivalent. Risk prevention and defusion in important fields effective. Social governance and public safety governance level notably improve. Major accidents are effectively contained. Natural disaster defense level significantly improves. Centennial military goal on schedule realizes. Higher-level Safe China construction steadily advances.

——国家安全屏障更加巩固。国家安全体系和能力进一步加强，粮食综合生产能力达到 1.45 万亿斤左右，能源综合生产能力达到 58 亿吨标准煤，重点领域风险得到有效防范化解，社会治理和公共安全治理水平明显提高，重特大事故得到有效遏制，自然灾害防御水平显著提升，建军一百年奋斗目标如期实现，更高水平平安中国建设扎实推进。

Vision for 2035

On this basis, after striving for another five years, by 2035, our country’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, comprehensive national strength, and international influence will significantly leap forward. Per capita GDP will reach the level of middle-income developed countries. People’s life will be happier and more beautiful. Basic realization of socialist modernization will achieve decisive progress.

在此基础上再奋斗五年，到 2035 年实现我国经济实力、科技实力、国防实力、综合国力和国际影响力大幅跃升，人均国内生产总值达到中等发达国家水平，人民生活更加幸福美好，基本实现社会主义现代化。

Special Column 1: Main Indicators of Economic and Social Development During the “15th Five-Year” Period

专栏1 “十五五”时期经济社会发展主要指标

Categories: Economic Development, Innovation-Driven, People’s Livelihood and Wellbeing, Green and Low-Carbon, Security Guarantee. Indicators listed with 2025 values, 2030 targets, annual average or cumulative targets, and type (Anticipated or Binding).

类别：经济发展、创新驱动、民生福祉、绿色低碳、安全保障。各指标列出2025年值、2030年目标、年均/累计目标及属性（预期性或约束性）。

Economic Development 经济发展

1. GDP Growth (%): 2025: 5; 2030: —; Maintained in reasonable range, set annually as appropriate. Anticipated.

1.国内生产总值（GDP）增长（%）：2025年：5；2030年：—；保持在合理区间、各年度视情提出。预期性。

2. Total Labor Productivity Growth (%): 2025: 6.1; 2030: —; Higher than GDP growth. Anticipated.

2.全员劳动生产率增长（%）：2025年：6.1；2030年：—；高于GDP增长。预期性。

3. Permanent Resident Urbanization Rate (%): 2025: 67.9; 2030: 71. Anticipated.

3.常住人口城镇化率（%）：2025年：67.9；2030年：71。预期性。

Innovation-Driven 创新驱动

4. Total Society R&D Expenditure Growth (%): 2025: 9.1; 2030: —; >7. Anticipated.

4.全社会研发经费投入增长（%）：2025年：9.1；2030年：—；＞7。预期性。

5. High-Value Invention Patents per 10,000 People (items): 2025: 16; 2030: >22. Anticipated.

5.每万人口高价值发明专利拥有量（件）：2025年：16；2030年：＞22。预期性。

6. Digital Economy Core Industries Value-Added as Share of GDP (%): 2025: 10.5*; 2030: 12.5. Anticipated.

6.数字经济核心产业增加值占GDP比重（%）：2025年：10.5；2030年：12.5。预期性。*

People’s Livelihood and Wellbeing 民生福祉

7. Urban Surveyed Unemployment Rate (%): 2025: 5.2; 2030: —; <5.5. Anticipated.

7.城镇调查失业率（%）：2025年：5.2；2030年：—；＜5.5。预期性。

8. Per Capita Disposable Income Growth (%): 2025: 5; 2030: —; Synchronized with GDP growth. Anticipated.

8.居民人均可支配收入增长（%）：2025年：5；2030年：—；与GDP增长同步。预期性。

9. Average Years of Education for Working-Age Population (years): 2025: 11.3; 2030: 11.7. Binding.

9.劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限（年）：2025年：11.3；2030年：11.7。约束性。

10. Medical Personnel per 1,000 People — Practicing Physicians (persons): 2025: 3.1; 2030: 3.7. Registered Nurses (persons): 2025: 4.3; 2030: 5.1. Anticipated.

10.每千人口拥有医护人员数——执业医师数（人）：2025年：3.1；2030年：3.7。注册护士数（人）：2025年：4.3；2030年：5.1。预期性。

11. Nursing-Type Beds as Share of Elderly Care Institution Beds (%): 2025: 68; 2030: 73. Anticipated.

11.养老机构护理型床位占比（%）：2025年：68；2030年：73。预期性。

12. Increase in Enrollment Rate of Infants Under 3 in Childcare (percentage points): Cumulative over 5 years: [6]. Anticipated.

12.3岁以下婴幼儿入托率提高（百分点）：5年累计：〔6〕。预期性。

13. Per Capita Life Expectancy (years): 2025: 79.25; 2030: 80. Anticipated.

13.人均预期寿命（岁）：2025年：79.25；2030年：80。预期性。

Green and Low-Carbon 绿色低碳

14. CO₂ Emissions per Unit of GDP Reduction (%): Cumulative over 5 years: [17.7]; Annual target: [17]. Binding.

14.单位GDP二氧化碳排放降低（%）：5年累计：〔17.7〕；年均目标：〔17〕。约束性。

15. Non-Fossil Energy as Share of Total Energy Consumption (%): 2025: 21.7; 2030: 25. Binding.

15.非化石能源占能源消费总量比重（%）：2025年：21.7；2030年：25。约束性。

16. PM2.5 Concentration in Cities at Prefecture Level and Above (μg/m³): 2025: 28; 2030: <27. Binding.

16.地级及以上城市细颗粒物（PM2.5）浓度（微克/立方米）：2025年：28；2030年：＜27。约束性。

17. Proportion of Excellent Water Bodies (%): 2025: 80; 2030: 85. Binding.

17.优良水体比例（%）：2025年：80；2030年：85。约束性。

18. Forest Coverage Rate (%): 2025: 25.1*; 2030: 25.8. Binding.

18.森林覆盖率（%）：2025年：25.1；2030年：25.8。约束性。*

Security Guarantee 安全保障

19. Comprehensive Grain Production Capacity (trillion jin): 2025: 1.39; 2030: ~1.45. Binding.

19.粮食综合生产能力（万亿斤）：2025年：1.39；2030年：1.45左右。约束性。

20. Comprehensive Energy Production Capacity (100 million tons of standard coal): 2025: 51.3; 2030: 58. Binding.

20.能源综合生产能力（亿吨标准煤）：2025年：51.3；2030年：58。约束性。

Notes: ① [ ] denotes cumulative figures over 5 years. ② Figures marked with * are 2024 data. ③ Total society R&D expenditure growth is calculated at constant prices. ④ Comprehensive grain production capacity refers to the grain output capacity that can be stably achieved.

注：①〔〕为5年累计数。②带*的为2024年数据。③全社会研发经费投入增速按不变价格计算。④粮食综合生产能力指可以稳定达到的粮食产出能力。

Part 2: Building a Modern Industrial System and Consolidating the Foundation of the Real Economy

Persist in placing the focus of economic development on the real economy, persist in the direction of intelligentization, greening, and integration, accelerate the construction of a manufacturing power, quality power, aerospace power, transportation power, and cyberpower, maintain a reasonable proportion of manufacturing, and construct a modernized industrial system with advanced manufacturing as its backbone.

坚持把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上，坚持智能化、绿色化、融合化方向，加快建设制造强国、质量强国、航天强国、交通强国、网络强国，保持制造业合理比重，构建以先进制造业为骨干的现代化产业体系。

Chapter 4: Optimizing and Upgrading Traditional Industries

Strengthen national standard leadership, infuse digital-smart and green technologies, and impose environmental protection and safety system constraints to consolidate and enhance the position and competitiveness of China’s industries in global divisions of labor.

强化国家标准引领、数智绿色技术赋能、环保安全制度约束，巩固提升我国产业在全球分工中的竞争力。

Section 1: Promoting Quality Upgrading of Key Industries

Adhere to timely guidance and implement differentiated policies by industry to promote key industries in resolving structural contradictions and accelerating the shift toward mid-to-high-end sectors. Promote structural adjustment of steel, petrochemicals, and shipbuilding industries, strengthen fine steel bases, first-class petrochemical bases, and high-end ship and marine engineering equipment bases. Advance full-chain innovation in electronic information and mechanical equipment, develop high-end and shortage products, and accelerate breakthroughs in key components, devices, and specialized materials. Expand quality product supply in light industry and textiles. Consolidate and enhance the competitiveness of the construction industry. Promote technological renovation and upgrading, develop intelligent manufacturing, green manufacturing, and service-oriented manufacturing, and accelerate transformation of industrial patterns and enterprise organizational forms. Develop advanced manufacturing clusters and construct national new-type industrialization demonstration zones. Strengthen comprehensive quality management, deeply implement the manufacturing excellence quality program, and enhance quality technology infrastructure capabilities. Advance standards updates and upgrades, strictly enforce safety, environmental protection, energy efficiency, and quality regulatory standards, promote marketized mergers and reorganizations, and promote orderly exit of backward and inefficient productive capacity.

坚持因势利导、分业施策，促进重点产业化解结构性矛盾、加快向中高端升级。推动钢铁、石化、船舶等产业结构调整，做强做优精品钢材基地、一流石化基地、高端船舶和海洋工程装备基地。推进电子信息、机械装备等全产业链创新，发展高端、短缺产品，加快突破关键零部件、元器件和专用材料。扩大轻工、纺织等优质产品供给。巩固提升建筑业竞争力。推动技术改造升级，发展智能制造、绿色制造、服务型制造，加快产业模式和企业组织形态变革。发展先进制造业集群，建设国家新型工业化示范区。加强全面质量管理，深入实施制造业卓越质量工程，增强质量技术基础能力。推进标准更新升级，严格安全、环保、能效、质量等规范管理，促进市场化兼并重组，推动落后低效产能有序退出。

Section 2: Enhancing the Self-Sufficiency and Control of Industrial Chains

Implement the industrial foundation regeneration engineering, accelerate the breakthrough of a batch of major basic technologies, processes, and products, and advance innovative applications in advanced materials and cross-scale manufacturing. Implement the major technological equipment breakthrough engineering, achieve breakthroughs in a batch of landmark major technological equipment. Implement rolling actions for high-quality development of key industrial chains in manufacturing, establish and perfect industrial chain and supply chain security risk assessment and response mechanisms, continuously strengthen competitive advantages in rare earth, rare metals, and superhard materials, and strengthen important strategic minerals in terms of comprehensive utilization with high quality and efficiency. Advance construction of national strategic hinterlands and key industrial backups, construct strategic industrial bases, material reserves bases, and infrastructure. Establish an investigation system of industrial foundation competitiveness, strengthen common technology research and development support capabilities. Perfect policies for the first set (batch, version) application.

实施产业基础再造工程，加快突破一批重大基础技术、工艺和产品，推进先进材料、跨尺度制造等创新应用。实施重大技术装备攻关工程，突破一批标志性重大技术装备。滚动实施制造业重点产业链高质量发展行动，建立健全产业链供应链安全风险评估和应对机制，持续增强稀土、稀有金属、超硬材料等竞争优势，加强重要战略性矿产高质高效综合利用。推进国家战略腹地建设和关键产业备份，建设战略性产业基地、物资储备基地和基础设施。建立产业基础竞争力调查制度，强化共性技术研发支撑能力。完善首台（套）、首批次、首版次应用政策。

Section 3: Perfecting Mechanisms to Promote Healthy and Orderly Industrial Development

Perfect the industrial regulation and policy system, optimize industrial layout, and strengthen coordinated guarantee of factors. Perfect the production capacity monitoring and early warning mechanism, adopt measures including planned guidance, production capacity regulation, price governance, and industry self-discipline to comprehensively address “involutionary” competition. Promote the transition of industrial policy toward universal benefits and functionality, perfect the mechanisms for industrial policy formulation and implementation, information disclosure, assessment adjustment, and exit. Perfect the gradient cultivation system for quality enterprises, promote specialized, refined, and innovative development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Reasonably reduce the comprehensive costs of manufacturing, increase support from medium and long-term loans and credit loans for manufacturing technological innovation, digital-smart transformation, and green development. Implement the manufacturing talent support plan and professional and technical talent knowledge updating project, cultivate outstanding engineers, great craftspeople of large nations, and high-skill talents.

完善产业调控和政策体系，优化产业布局，加强要素协同保障。健全产能监测预警机制，采取规划引导、产能调控、价格治理、行业自律等措施，综合整治“内卷式”竞争。推动产业政策向普惠化和功能性转型，健全产业政策制定实施、信息披露、评估调整和退出机制。完善优质企业梯度培育体系，促进中小企业专精特新发展。合理降低制造业综合成本，加大中长期贷款和信用贷款对制造业技术创新、数智化转型、绿色发展等支持力度。实施制造业人才支持计划和专业技术人才知识更新工程，培养造就卓越工程师、大国工匠、高技能人才。

Special Column 2: Enhancing Industrial Foundation Capabilities and Competitiveness

专栏2 产业基础能力和竞争力提升

01 Advanced New Materials

Accelerate breakthroughs in high-end special steel, high-quality high-temperature alloys, ultra-high-purity metals, advanced ceramics, high-purity silica materials, bio-based materials, advanced polymer materials, high-performance fibers and composites, and integrated structure-function materials. Advance quality upgrades of rare earth functional materials, rare metal materials, superhard materials, and lightweight high-strength alloys. Strengthen research and application of superconducting materials and metamaterials and other frontier materials.

加快高端特殊钢、高品质高温合金、超高纯金属、先进陶瓷、高纯石英材料、生物基材料、先进高分子材料、高性能纤维及复合材料、结构功能一体化材料等创新突破，推进稀土功能材料、稀有金属材料、超硬材料、轻质高强合金等提质升级，加强超导材料、超材料等前沿材料研究应用。

02 Basic Components and Devices

Accelerate the breakthrough of core basic components such as high-speed precision bearings, high-parameter gears and transmission devices, high-reliability hydraulic and pneumatic sealing components, high-performance motors and control systems, and high-precision screws. Develop a batch of advanced general-purpose basic devices in connection, sensing, functional materials, and optoelectronic categories.

加快高速精密轴承、高参数齿轮与传动装置、高可靠性液压气动密封件、高性能电机及控制系统、高精度丝杠等核心基础零部件攻关。研制一批连接类、传感类、功能材料类、光电类等先进通用基础元器件。

03 Basic Software and Industrial Software

Focus on basic software such as domestic operating systems, databases, middleware, programming languages and compilers, development and testing tools, and cloud computing software, as well as industrial software such as research and design, production control, and business management categories, comprehensively advance technical breakthroughs and application of results across the full chain.

聚焦国产操作系统、数据库、中间件、编程语言及编译器、开发测试工具、云计算软件等基础软件，以及研发设计类、生产控制类、经营管理类等工业软件，全链条推动技术攻关和成果应用。

04 Industrial Mother Machine

Focus on the development of high-end CNC machine tools and other processing equipment with high-speed, high-precision, and composite integration characteristics, improve intelligent numerical control systems, precision measurement, and functional component matching capabilities.

重点研制具备高速、高精密、复合一体化特征的高端数控机床等加工装备，提升智能数控系统、精密测量、功能部件配套能力。

05 High-End Instruments and Meters

Strengthen research and development of on-line high-efficiency intelligent inspection, extreme environment regulation and control, and high-performance flow measurement instruments and meters for applications in key industries, advance breakthroughs in quantum metrology and in-situ metrology calibration instruments and meters.

加强在线高效智能检测、极端环境调节控制、高性能流量测量等重点行业应用仪器仪表研发，推进量子计量、原位计量等新型计量校准仪器仪表攻关。

06 Major Technological Equipment

Advance research, design, and manufacturing of large LNG carriers, large liquefied natural gas transportation ships and CR450 high-speed series China standard trains testing and application, advance research and industrialization of large special smelting equipment, major petrochemistry and chemical engineering complete sets of equipment, electronic specialized equipment, accelerate technological series fuel gas turbines, high water head and large capacity water turbine generator sets breakthrough and progress, advance research and development and application of high-end intelligent, hilly and mountainous area suitable agricultural equipment.

推进大型邮轮、大型液化天然气运输船等研发设计制造和 CR450 高速度等级中国标准动车组试验应用，推动大型特种冶炼设备、重大石化化工成套装备、电子专用设备等研发和产业化，加快谱系化燃气轮机、高水头大容量水轮发电机组等攻关突破，推进高端智能、丘陵山区适用农机装备研发应用。

Chapter 5: Fostering and Strengthening Emerging Industries and Future Industries

Strengthen supply of source technologies, accelerate the construction of application scenarios and ecosystem systems, cultivate more pillar and leading industries, and build new advantages in industrial development.

强化源头技术供给，加快构建应用场景和生态体系，培育更多支柱性先导性产业，构筑产业发展新优势。

Section 1: Developing and Strengthening Emerging Industries

Accelerate development of strategic emerging industries including next-generation information technology, new energy, new materials, intelligent and connected new energy vehicles, robotics, biomedicine, high-end equipment, and aerospace. Construct strategic emerging industry clusters with distinctive characteristics and complementary advantages according to local conditions, focus on creating a batch of emerging pillar industries with large growth potential, high technological content, and broad permeation domains. Expand the development space of the marine economy, advance healthy and orderly development of the low-altitude economy. Implement large-scale application demonstration actions of new technologies, products, and scenarios, increase scenario cultivation and opening scope, accelerate scaled development of emerging industries. Encourage development of strategic products and services, advance series-scale development of domestically-produced large aircraft, strengthen innovative application of Beidou systems, solidly advance intelligent driving, new-type solar cells, new-type energy storage and other key technological innovations, support the clinical application of innovative drugs.

加快新一代信息技术、新能源、新材料、智能网联新能源汽车、机器人、生物医药、高端装备、航空航天等战略性新兴产业发展，因地制宜建设各具特色、优势互补的战略性新兴产业集群，着力打造一批成长潜力大、技术含量高、渗透领域广的新兴支柱产业。拓展海洋经济发展空间，推进低空经济健康有序发展。实施新技术新产品新场景大规模应用示范行动，加大场景培育和开放力度，加快新兴产业规模化发展。鼓励发展战略性产品和服务，推进国产大飞机规模化系列化发展，加强北斗系统创新应用，扎实推进智能驾驶、新型太阳能电池、新型储能等关键技术创新，支持创新药临床使用。

Section 2: Prospective Layout of Future Industries

Target the key domains that will lead future development, construct a full-chain cultivation system for future industries, and drive quantum science and technology, biological manufacturing, hydrogen energy and nuclear fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, and sixth generation mobile communications to become new economic growth points. Strengthen identification and dynamic adjustment of future industries, strengthen basic, frontier, and disruptive technology layouts. Establish mechanisms for increased investment in future industries and risk sharing, organize and implement future industry development demonstration projects, explore diverse technological routes, typical application scenarios, viable business models, and market regulatory rules. Layout a batch of national future industry research institutes and concept verification centers, construct a batch of future industry pioneer zones relying on regions with prominent science and education resource advantages and solid industrial foundations.

瞄准引领未来发展重点领域，构建未来产业全链条培育体系，推动量子科技、生物制造、氢能和核聚变能、脑机接口、具身智能、第六代移动通信等成为新的经济增长点。加强未来产业识别和动态调整，强化基础性、前沿性、颠覆性技术布局。建立未来产业投入增长和风险分担机制，组织实施未来产业发展示范工程，探索多元技术路线、典型应用场景、可行商业模式、市场监管规则。布局一批国家未来产业研究院和概念验证中心，依托科教资源优势突出、产业基础雄厚地区建设一批未来产业先导区。

Section 3: Perfecting the Industrial Innovation Development Ecosystem

Focus on constructing a market environment and policy system conducive to the incubation and growth of emerging industries. Implement the industrial innovation project, optimize the organizational mode and evaluation system for strategic product technological innovation, advance the integration of innovation facility construction, technology research and development, and product iteration and upgrading. Perfect intellectual property protection systems in emerging domains, perfect the intellectual property public service system and technology trading service platform network, implement the new industry standardization leadership project. Cultivate unicorn enterprises. Establish efficient and convenient access mechanisms adapted to development of new business forms, explore new regulatory approaches such as “sandbox regulation” and trigger-based regulation. Improve the precision level of low-altitude airspace management, strengthen airworthiness certification capability building, strengthen safety safeguards for low-altitude flight. Advance legislation in emerging domains such as biomedicine and intelligent driving.

着力构建有利于新兴产业孵化成长的市场环境和政策体系。实施产业创新工程，优化战略性产品技术创新组织模式和评价体系，一体推进创新设施建设、技术研究开发、产品迭代升级。完善新兴领域知识产权保护制度，健全知识产权公共服务体系和技术交易服务平台网络，实施新产业标准化领航工程。培育独角兽企业。建立适应新业态发展的高效便捷准入机制，探索“沙盒监管”、触发式监管等新型监管方式。提升低空空域管理精细化水平，加强适航审定能力建设，强化低空飞行安全保障。推进生物医药、智能驾驶等新兴领域立法。

Special Column 3: Cultivation and Development of New Industries and New Tracks

专栏3 新产业新赛道培育发展

01 Integrated Circuits

Refine and perfect mature processes, increase advanced process manufacturing capability, accelerate development of key equipment, materials, and components, develop high-performance processors and high-density memory. Accelerate quality upgrades of the wide bandgap semiconductor industry, promote industrialization development of gallium oxide, diamond, and other ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors. Advance storage-computing integration, three-dimensional integration, and optoelectronic fusion technology breakthroughs and applications.

做精做细成熟制程，提高先进制程制造能力，加快发展关键装备、材料和零部件，发展高性能处理器和高密度存储器。加快宽禁带半导体产业提质升级，推动氧化镓、金刚石等超宽禁带半导体产业化发展。推进存算一体、三维集成、光电融合等技术突破应用。

02 Embodied Intelligence

Coordinate the layout of embodied intelligence training grounds, advance virtual-real integrated synergistic training and evolution, develop embodied models and algorithms with integrated large and small brain characteristics, break through key technologies of body and core components, accelerate upgrade and application implementation of humanoid robots and other morphological products.

统筹布局具身智能实训场，推进虚实融合的协同训练与进化，研发大小脑一体化的具身模型与算法，攻关本体及核心零部件等关键技术，加速人形机器人等各类形态产品升级和应用落地。

03 Biological Manufacturing

Break through key technologies of enzyme preparations, intelligent biological germplasm design, and intelligent fermentation, advance technological innovation and application of biological breeding, biological chemistry, biological medicine, and biological energy. Accelerate research and development and application of cell and gene therapy drugs, antibody drugs, nucleic acid drugs, and radioactive drugs, enhance capacity for emergency vaccine and drug research, production, and application.

突破酶制剂、生物种质智能设计、智能发酵等关键技术，推进生物育种、生物化工、生物医药、生物能源等技术创新应用。加快细胞和基因治疗药物、抗体药物、核酸药物、放射性药物等研发应用，提升应急疫苗和药物研产用能力。

04 New-Type Batteries

Accelerate the breakthrough of key materials such as high-capacity electrode materials, high-conductivity electrolyte materials, and composite current collectors, develop high-precision coating and high-speed stacking high-end manufacturing equipment and processes, expand applications of high-safety and high-energy-density batteries in new intelligent terminals, new energy storage, electric transportation vehicles, and other domains.

加快高容量电极材料、高电导率电解质材料、复合集流体等关键材料攻关，研发高精度涂覆、高速叠片等高端制造设备及工艺，拓展高安全高能量密度电池在新型智能终端、新型储能、电动交通工具等领域应用。

05 Commercial Aerospace

Advance breakthroughs in key technologies including high-power energy systems, general-purpose satellite-borne computers, rocket body structure lightweight design, combined star-rocket design, and reusable carriers, improve the scale production of star-rocket products and commercial aerospace launch capability. Strengthen research and development and application of space active defense and swarm intelligence control technologies, improve space security situation awareness and risk prevention capability.

推进大功率能源系统、通用星载计算机和箭体结构轻量化、星箭联合设计、可重复使用运载等技术攻关，提升星箭产品规模化生产和商业航天发射能力。加强太空主动防御、群体智能操控等技术研发应用，提高太空安全态势感知和风险防范能力。

06 Domestically-Produced Large Aircraft

Advance production capacity enhancement of C919 aircraft and supply chain construction, conduct research and development and application of C919 high-altitude variants and series models, C909 derivatives, and new-energy aircraft, accelerate technological breakthroughs and verification application of C929 aircraft and Yangtze River-1000A engines.

推进 C919 飞机产能提升和供应链建设，开展 C919 高原型等系列化机型、C909衍生型、新能源飞机研制应用，加快C929 飞机技术攻关和长江—1000A发动机验证应用。

07 Low-Altitude Equipment

Accelerate research and development of new low-altitude equipment such as large-load fixed-wing unmanned aircraft and long-endurance vertical take-off and landing vehicles, break through key technologies such as intelligent flight, electric propulsion, and hybrid power systems, strengthen research and development and application of low-altitude operations management and low-cost unmanned aircraft safety prevention and control technology products.

加快大载重固定翼无人机、长航程垂直起降航空器等新型低空装备研制，突破智能飞行、电推进和混合动力系统等关键技术，强化低空运行管理和低成本无人机安全防控技术产品攻关应用。

08 Green Hydrogen Energy

Improve the level of renewable energy hydrogen production equipment, accelerate technological breakthroughs and verification of economical and safe scaled hydrogen storage and transportation, optimize the layout of hydrogen energy infrastructure, advance the hydrogen energy industry chain toward green ammonia, methanol, and sustainable aviation fuels, expand applications of hydrogen energy in transportation, electricity, industrial, and other domains.

提升可再生能源制氢装备水平，加快攻关验证经济安全的规模化氢储运技术，优化布局氢能基础设施，推动绿氢产业链向绿色氨醇、可持续航空燃料延伸，拓展氢能在交通、电力、工业等领域应用。

09 Brain-Computer Interfaces

Accelerate the breakthrough of key technologies including new electrode and specialized chip basic hardware and software, signal encoding and decoding algorithms, and Chinese corpus databases, advance applications of brain-computer interface products in brain disease diagnosis and treatment, movement rehabilitation treatment, and health monitoring domains.

加快新型电极与专用芯片等基础软硬件、信号编解码算法、汉语语料数据库等关键技术攻关，推动脑机接口产品在脑疾病诊治、运动康复治疗、健康监测等领域应用。

10 High-End Medical Equipment

Advance research and development breakthroughs and scaled application of new diagnostic and therapeutic equipment such as ultra-high-end computed tomography, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, radiotherapy systems, intelligent surgical robots, and life support equipment, develop new implantable and interventional devices for major chronic disease rehabilitation, neurostimulation, cardiovascular and orthopedic treatment.

推动超高端计算机断层扫描、高分辨磁共振、放射治疗系统、智能手术机器人、生命支持设备等新型诊疗装备研发突破和规模化应用，研制重大慢性病康复、神经刺激、心血管和骨科治疗等新型植入介入器械。

Chapter 6: Promoting Quality and Efficient Development of Service Industries

Implement the service industry capacity expansion and quality improvement actions, deepen service domain reform and opening-up, perfect the supportive policy system, comprehensively improve service industry quality, efficiency, and competitiveness, and better leverage the role of service industries in supporting industrial upgrading, meeting people’s livelihood needs, and expanding employment.

实施服务业扩能提质行动，深化服务领域改革开放，完善支持政策体系，全面提升服务业质量效率和竞争力，更好发挥服务业支撑产业升级、满足民生需要、带动就业扩容的作用。

Section 1: Advancing Production Service Industries toward Specialization and High-End Value Chain Extension

Strengthen weak links across the full chain of production service industries, improve the integration and development level of modern service industries with advanced manufacturing and modern agriculture. Vigorously develop science and technology services, improve research and development design, intellectual property, science and technology results conversion, inspection, testing, and certification service capabilities, cultivate industrial design centers with international standards, layout a batch of shared technology platforms, pilot-test platforms, and comprehensively integrate quality infrastructure in industrial clusters. Improve the comprehensive competitiveness of financial leasing, logistics and warehousing, and human resources services, strengthen energy conservation and environmental protection, digital-smart transformation and other services, improve the proportion of value-added services. Strengthen and optimize business services, develop high-level third-party professional institutions, improve credibility and international recognition.

全链条补强生产性服务业薄弱环节，提高现代服务业与先进制造业、现代农业融合发展水平。大力发展科技服务，提升研发设计、知识产权、科技成果转化、检验检测认证等服务能力，培育具有国际水准的工业设计中心，依托产业集群布局一批行业共性技术平台、中试验证平台和集成高效质量基础设施。提高金融租赁、物流仓储、人力资源等服务综合竞争力，壮大节能环保、数智化转型等服务，提高增值服务比重。做强做优商务服务，发展高水平第三方专业机构，提高公信力和国际认可度。

Section 2: Promoting High-Quality, Diverse, and Convenient Development of Consumer Service Industries

Adapt to the upgrading of residents’ consumption structure, actively develop inclusive, accessible, and individually diverse consumer service industries. Accelerate making up shortcomings in inclusive services such as elderly care, childcare, and health, perfect mechanisms including government purchase of services, public construction and private operation, and private construction and public assistance, support diverse subjects in expanding service supply. Encourage distinctive quality development of wholesale and retail, accommodation and dining industries, actively expand new business forms and models, promote coordinated online and offline development. Improve the quality of services such as domestic services, property management, and express delivery, innovate community integrated service models, advance brand-standard development. Relying on industries with broad driving scope, promote multi-industry format integration and development. Focus on all-people health, smart elderly care, cultural tourism, and home services, cultivate a batch of new growth points in consumer service industries.

适应居民消费结构升级，积极发展普惠可及、个性多样的生活性服务业。加快补齐养老、托育、健康等普惠服务短板，健全政府购买服务、公建民营、民办公助等机制，支持多元主体扩大服务供给。鼓励批发零售、住宿餐饮特色优质发展，积极拓展新业态新模式，促进线上线下协同发展。提高家政、物业、快递等服务质量，创新社区集成服务模式，推动品牌化标准化发展。以带动面广的行业为依托，促进多业态融合发展。聚焦全民健康、智慧养老、文化旅游、到家服务等，培育一批生活性服务业新增长点。

Section 3: Perfecting the Service Industry Development Policy System

Relax access in the service domain, expand quality operating subjects, deepen regulatory reform, perfect cross-departmental and cross-industry examination and approval and regulatory models adapted to business format integration. Expand high-level opening-up of service industries, attract internationally-renowned enterprises to invest and operate in China, expand “manufacturing + services” overseas operation networks. Innovate service industry financing and land use models, perfect the formation mechanism and supporting policies for inclusive service pricing, encourage utilizing inventory resources to rebuild service facilities. Accelerate construction of service standards in key domains, implement quality service commitment, certification, and identification systems. Improve the professional level of practitioners, perfect skill assessment mechanisms and credit systems. Perfect the service industry statistics and monitoring system.

放宽服务领域准入，扩大优质经营主体，深化监管改革，健全适应业态融合的跨部门跨行业审批监管模式。扩大服务业高水平对外开放，吸引国际知名企业在华投资经营，拓展“制造+服务”海外经营网络。创新服务业融资和用地模式，完善普惠服务价格形成机制和配套政策，鼓励利用存量资源改建服务设施。加快重点领域服务标准建设，推行优质服务承诺、认证与标识制度。提升从业人员专业化水平，完善技能评价机制和信用体系。健全服务业统计监测体系。

Chapter 7: Constructing a Modern Infrastructure System

Adhere to appropriate advance without excessive advance, strengthen unified planning of infrastructure, optimize layout structure, promote integrated convergence, enhance safety resilience and operational sustainability.

坚持适度超前、不过度超前，加强基础设施统筹规划，优化布局结构，促进集成融合，提升安全韧性和运营可持续性。

Section 1: Perfecting the Modern Integrated Transportation and Logistics System

Advance network filling, chain strengthening, and quality improvement, strengthen cross-regional coordinated layout and cross-modal integrated connection, comprehensively improve the comprehensive benefits of transportation infrastructure. Perfect the main backbone of the national integrated three-dimensional transportation network, construct with high quality coastal, border, and river-based strategic backbones and breakthroughs into Tibet and out of Xinjiang, and the western land-sea new passages, basically complete the “eight vertical and eight horizontal” high-speed railway main channels and national highway network, advance quality upgrading of inland waterway grades, basically complete world-class port and airport clusters. Strengthen coverage and accessibility of weak regions, advance quality upgrades and renovations of normal-speed railways and provincial highways, initiate a new round of rural road improvement actions, strengthen railway and branch airport construction in western regions, perfect road network layout in border areas. Construct international and national comprehensive transportation hub cities, strengthen cluster and distribution network construction and station connection, perfect national postal and express hub networks. Perfect a diverse, resilient international transportation channel system, advance cross-border transportation infrastructure interconnection and interoperability, promote healthy and orderly development of international air cargo. Coordinate function improvement with green, safe, and intelligent development, advance transportation infrastructure renovation and maintenance management, strengthen safety risk assessment and monitoring early warning, implement highway safety resilience improvement projects. Deepen comprehensive transportation and logistics system reforms, advance railway system reform and toll highway policy optimization.

推进补网强链提质，加强跨区域统筹布局、跨方式一体衔接，全面提高交通基础设施综合效益。完善国家综合立体交通网主骨架，高质量建设沿海沿边沿江、出疆入藏、西部陆海新通道等战略骨干通道，基本建成“八纵八横”高速铁路主通道和国家高速公路网，推进内河高等级航道提质升级，基本建成世界级港口群和机场群。强化薄弱地区覆盖和通达保障，推动普速铁路、普通国省道升级改造，开展新一轮农村公路提升行动，加强西部地区铁路和支线机场建设，完善边境地区路网布局。建设国际性、全国性综合交通枢纽城市，加强集疏运网络建设和场站衔接，完善国家邮政快递枢纽。健全多元化、韧性强的国际运输通道体系，推动跨境交通基础设施互联互通，促进国际航空货运健康有序发展。统筹功能提升和绿色安全智能发展，推进交通基础设施更新改造和养护管理，加强安全风险评估和监测预警，实施公路安全韧性提升工程。深化综合交通运输体系改革，推进铁路体制改革和收费公路政策优化。

Special Column 4: National Integrated Three-Dimensional Transportation Network Construction

专栏4 国家综合立体交通网建设

01 “Eight Vertical and Eight Horizontal” High-Speed Railway Main Channels

Establish high-standard along-river channels, complete Beijing-Kunming, Lanzhou (Xi’an)-Guangzhou, Xiamen-Chongqing channels and Beijing-Shanghai auxiliary channels, complete Hunan-southern channel Yichang to Changde high-speed rail, construct coastal channel Wenzhou to Fuzhou high-speed rail, Beijing-Hong Kong (Taiwan) channel Fuyang to Huanggang high-speed rail, Baotou (Yinchuan)-Haikou channel Baotou through Ordos to Yulin high-speed rail and Zhanjiang to Haikou cross-sea ferry and related lines, Qinghai-Yinchuan channel Taiyuan to Suide high-speed rail, Shanghai-Kunming channel Shanghai to Hangzhou high-speed rail. Advance Shanghai-Ningbo cross-sea channel project, construct regional connection high-speed railways such as Yongzhou through Qingyuan to Guangzhou.

贯通高标准沿江通道，建成京昆、兰（西）广、厦渝通道及京沪辅助通道，建成呼南通道宜昌至常德高铁，建设沿海通道温州至福州高铁、京港（台）通道阜阳至黄冈高铁、包（银）海通道包头经鄂尔多斯至榆林高铁和湛江至海口跨海轮渡及相关线路、青银通道太原至绥德高铁、沪昆通道上海至杭州高铁。推进沪甬跨海通道工程，建设永州经清远至广州等高铁区域连接线。

02 Normal-Speed Railway Network

Advance high-standard construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway Ya’an to Linzhi section, construct new Tibet Railway east and west sections and Qinghai-Tibet Railway Golmud to Lhasa electrification renovation, Bomei to Ranwu railway projects. Construct Heihe to Wuyiling and Wenshan to Jingxi border railways. Implement the railway cargo network project, construct key projects such as Linhe to Hami railway capacity expansion and renovation for coal external transportation from Xinjiang, perfect railway container transportation networks and multimodal transport systems. Advance pre-work for Wenzhou through Wuyi Mountains to Ji’an and Dali through Lijiang to Panzhihua railways.

高标准推进川藏铁路雅安至林芝段建设，建设新藏铁路东、西段工程和青藏铁路格尔木至拉萨段电气化改造、波密至然乌铁路项目。建设黑河至乌伊岭、文山至靖西等沿边铁路。实施铁路货运网络工程，建设临河至哈密铁路扩能改造等疆煤外运重点项目，完善铁路集装箱运输网络和多式联运体系。推进温州经武夷山至吉安、大理经丽江至攀枝花铁路前期工作。

03 National Highway Network

Construct main lines, parallel lines, and connection lines of national highways such as Beijing-Harbin, Beijing-Hong Kong-Macau, Shenyang-Hainan, Changchun-Shenzhen, Lanzhou-Hainan, and highways such as Kuytun through Dushanzi to Kucha, advance safety resilience improvement of key sections of existing national highways such as Beijing-Kunming, Beijing-Taiwan, Shanghai-Chongqing, Lianyun-Henan, Xiamen-Chongqing, Baotou-Macao, Yinchuan-Kunming, and Hangzhou-Ruili. Completely implement border land-based strategic backbone channels G219 and G331, construct parallel border highways and border port connection lines, advance construction of G228 coastal backbone channel, quality renovation of G109, G317, G318 and other breakthrough into Tibet and out of Xinjiang backbone channels.

建设京哈、京港澳、沈海、长深、兰海等国家高速公路主线、并行线和联络线，以及奎屯经独山子至库车等高速公路，推进京昆、京台、沪蓉、连霍、厦蓉、包茂、银昆、杭瑞等既有国家高速公路重点路段安全韧性提升。全面贯通G219、G331 沿边陆路战略骨干通道，建设沿边公路并行线、边境口岸连接线等，推进G228 沿海骨干通道建设，提质改造G109、G317、G318 等出疆入藏骨干通道。

04 Coastal Ports

Optimize the functional layout of world-class port clusters in Bohai Bay, Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, orderly advance port cluster integration and integrated development, construct integrated container terminal projects such as Yangshan Port Area north of Xiaoyang Mountain, Ningbo-Zhoushan Port Liuheng Port Area, Guangzhou Port Nansha Port Area, Xiamen Port Xiangan Port Area, and Qingdao Port Dongjiakou Port Area. Upgrade and renovate the Beibu Gulf International Gateway Port and Yangpu Regional International Container Hub Port.

优化环渤海、长三角、粤港澳大湾区世界级港口群功能布局，有序推进港口群整合和一体化发展，建设洋山港区小洋山北侧、宁波舟山港六横港区、广州港南沙港区、厦门港翔安港区、青岛港董家口港区等集装箱码头工程。升级改造北部湾国际门户港、洋浦区域国际集装箱枢纽港。

05 Inland Higher-Grade Waterways

Construct the Three Gorges water transport new passage, improve the smooth water level of the Yangtze main line shipping channel. Construct the Xijiang mainstream shipping channel, optimize and perfect the higher-grade shipping channel networks of the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. Implement the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and Huai River mainstream shipping channel quality improvement and renovation projects, construct higher-grade shipping channels such as Hanjiang, important tributaries of the Yangtze River.

建设三峡水运新通道，提升长江干线航道畅通水平。建设西江干线航道，优化完善长三角、珠三角高等级航道网。实施京杭运河和淮河干线航道提质改造工程，建设汉江等长江重要支流高等级航道。

06 Modern Airport System

Improve capacity of world-class airport clusters in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, and Chengdu-Chongqing, complete new airports in Dalian and Xiamen, construct new airports in Guangzhou and Nantong, advance pre-work for new airports in Chongqing and Sanya, implement expansion and renovation projects of hub airports in Shenyang, Changchun, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wenzhou, Zhengzhou. Advance projects such as relocation of Yanji and Yining branch airports.

提升京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区、成渝世界级机场群能力，建成大连、厦门新机场，建设广州、南通新机场，推进重庆、三亚新机场前期工作，实施沈阳、长春、南京、杭州、温州、郑州等枢纽机场改扩建工程。推进延吉、伊宁机场迁建等支线机场项目。

Section 2: Increasing Efforts in Constructing New Energy Infrastructure

Deeply implement the new energy security strategy, accelerate the construction of a new energy system that is clean, low-carbon, safe, and highly efficient, and construct an energy power. Advance safe, reliable, and orderly substitution of fossil energy with non-fossil energy, adhere to diverse energy development with wind, solar, hydro, and nuclear power as the main focus, implement a decade-long doubling action of non-fossil energy. Coordinate local consumption and external transmission, construct “Three North” wind power and photovoltaic, southwestern water-wind-solar integration, coastal nuclear power, and offshore wind power clean energy bases, strengthen distributed energy local development and application, layout and develop green hydrogen-ammonia-methanol, actively advance photothermal power generation. Strengthen clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy, advance coal-power transformation and upgrade and scattered coal replacement. Focus on constructing a new power system, comprehensively improve the complementary and mutual assistance capacity and safety resilience of the power system, optimize the flow direction of power and cross-regional channel layout across the nation, accelerate smart grid construction, perfect urban and rural distribution networks, scientifically layout pumped-storage hydroelectricity, vigorously develop new-type energy storage. Improve the level of terminal energy electrification, advance green and low-carbon energy consumption. Basically complete the national unified electricity market system, perfect the “national one-network” operation and dispatch mechanism for oil and gas.

深入实施能源安全新战略，加快构建清洁低碳安全高效的新型能源体系，建设能源强国。推进非化石能源安全可靠有序替代化石能源，坚持风光水核等多能并举，实施非化石能源十年倍增行动。统筹就地消纳和外送，建设“三北”风电光伏、西南水风光一体化、沿海核电、海上风电等清洁能源基地，加强分布式能源就近开发利用，布局发展绿色氢氨醇，积极推进光热发电。加强化石能源清洁高效利用，推进煤电改造升级和散煤替代。着力构建新型电力系统，全面提升电力系统互补互济和安全韧性水平，优化全国电力流向和跨区域通道布局，加快智能电网建设，完善城乡配电网，科学布局抽水蓄能，大力发展新型储能。提高终端用能电气化水平，推动能源消费绿色化低碳化。基本建成全国统一电力市场体系，完善油气“全国一张网”运行调度机制。

Special Column 5: New Energy System Construction

专栏5 新型能源体系建设

01 Major Hydropower and Water-Wind-Solar Integration Bases

Safely and orderly advance construction of the downstream hydropower project of the Yarlung Zangbo River, advance construction of water-wind-solar integration bases in the Yalong River, upstream Gold Sand River, upstream Lancang River, and southeastern Tibet (Yuqia) watersheds. Construct hydropower stations such as Ciha Gorge. Conduct research and verification of hydropower planning in the Nu River watershed. In regions with good hydropower site resources and large load regulation needs, construct a batch of pumped-storage hydroelectric stations with approximately 100 million kilowatts of newly operational installed capacity.

安全有序推进雅鲁藏布江下游水电工程建设，推进雅砻江、金沙江上游、澜沧江上游、藏东南（玉察）等流域水风光一体化基地建设。建设茨哈峡等水电站。研究论证怒江流域水电规划。在厂址资源好、负荷调节需求大的地区建设一批抽水蓄能电站，新增投产装机容量1亿千瓦左右。

02 “Sand-Gobi-Desert” and Other New Energy Bases

With focus on the Kubuqi, Ulanbuhe, Tengeri, and Badain Jaran deserts, and supplemented by other deserts, gobi, and wasteland regions, construct large-scale wind and photovoltaic bases with external transmission as the primary focus. Continuously advance new energy base construction in Xinjiang, upstream Yellow River, Hexi Corridor, Yellow River “several-shaped bend,” Hebei northern area, and Songliao region.

以库布齐、乌兰布和、腾格里、巴丹吉林沙漠为重点，以其他沙漠、戈壁和荒漠地区为补充，建设以外送为主的大型风电光伏基地。持续推进新疆、黄河上游、河西走廊、黄河“几字弯”、冀北、松辽等新能源基地建设。

03 Offshore Wind Power Bases

Construct offshore wind power bases in the Bohai, Yellow, East, and South China seas, regulate in an orderly manner the development of deep-sea and far-sea wind power, achieve approximately 100 million kilowatts or above of cumulative grid-connected offshore wind power installed capacity.

在渤海、黄海、东海、南海海域建设海上风电基地，规范有序推进深远海风电开发，海上风电累计并网装机规模达到1亿千瓦以上。

04 Coastal Nuclear Power

Actively, safely, and orderly advance coastal nuclear power construction, achieve nuclear power operational installed capacity of approximately 110 million kilowatts. Conduct pilot and demonstration projects of nuclear energy comprehensive utilization, steadily advance research and development and demonstration application of fourth-generation reactor technology.

积极安全有序推进沿海核电建设，核电运行装机容量达到1.1 亿千瓦左右。因地制宜推进核能综合利用。建成小型压水堆示范工程，稳妥推进四代堆技术研发与应用示范。

05 Power Transmission Channels

Construct power external transmission channels for clean energy bases in provinces and regions such as Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, and Tibet, achieve west-to-east power transmission capability of 420 million kilowatts or above.

建设内蒙古、吉林、黑龙江、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆、西藏等省区清洁能源基地电力外送通道，西电东送能力达到4.2 亿千瓦以上。

06 Power Mutual Assistance Projects

Strengthen inter-provincial power mutual assistance and cross-grid operating area mutual assistance, construct power mutual assistance projects such as Fujian-Jiangxi, Anhui-Hubei, Shandong-Jiangsu, Chongqing-Guizhou, Hunan-Guizhou, and Hunan-Guangdong, promote optimal allocation of power resources.

加强省间电力互济和跨电网经营区互济，建设闽赣、皖鄂、鲁苏、渝黔、湘黔、湘粤等电力互济工程，促进电力资源优化配置。

07 Natural Gas Pipeline

Construct the China-Russia Far East natural gas pipeline, construct the second natural gas pipeline of the China-Russia second midline, advance pre-work for the China-Russia midline natural gas pipeline.

建设中俄远东天然气管道、川气东送二线天然气管道，推进中俄中线天然气管道前期工作。

INSERT MAP FROM PAGE 27

Figure 1: Clean Energy Base Layout Schematic / 图 1 清洁能源基地布局示意图

Legend / 图例: “Desert-Gobi-Wasteland” and other new energy bases / “沙戈荒”等新能源基地; Southwest water-wind-solar bases / 西南水风光基地; Offshore wind power bases / 海上风电基地; Coastal nuclear power bases / 沿海核电基地; Cross-province and cross-region power transmission corridors / 跨省跨区输电通道; Inter-regional grid power mutual aid projects / 区域电网间电力互济工程. Note: Power flow receiving-end regions are differentiated by different background colors / 注：电力流受端区域以不同底色区分。

Section 3: Accelerating the Construction of a Modern Water Network

Strengthen the construction of national water networks, enhance capacity for flood and waterlogging disaster prevention, water resources comprehensive allocation, and urban-rural water supply assurance. Coordinate prevention of basin-wide floods and localized disaster prevention, strengthen construction of flood-prevention and water-storage reservoirs, river channels and embankments, and flood storage and detention areas, advance systematic treatment of small and medium rivers and reinforcement and repair of disease-prone reservoirs, enhance flood prevention and hazard avoidance capacity of concentrated rainfall areas. Perfect a cross-basin and cross-regional water resource allocation system, perfect the main backbone and skeleton water transmission channels of the national water network. Strengthen water supply and irrigation assurance, advance integrated promotion of large and medium irrigation district construction and renovation, accelerate construction of urban emergency backup water source projects. Strengthen ecological protection and treatment of rivers and lakes, advance water source conservation and water and soil conservation, improve the self-repair capacity of aquatic ecosystems. Implement groundwater protection and treatment actions, gradually achieve extraction-recharge balance.

加强国家水网建设，增强洪涝灾害防御、水资源统筹调配、城乡供水保障能力。统筹流域性洪水和局域性灾害防御，加强防洪水库、河道及堤防、蓄滞洪区建设，推进中小河流系统治理和病险水库除险加固，增强暴雨集中区防洪避险能力。健全跨流域跨区域水资源调配体系，完善国家水网主骨架和骨干输配水通道。加强供水灌溉保障，整装推进大中型灌区建设改造，加快城市应急备用水源工程建设。加强河湖生态保护治理，推进水源涵养与水土保持，提升水生态系统自我修复能力。实施地下水保护治理行动，逐步实现采补平衡。

Special Column 6: Modern Water Network Construction

专栏6 现代化水网建设

01 Flood Prevention and Disaster Reduction

Construct the Yangtze Two Lakes priority embankment reinforcement, Yellow River upstream main channel embankment reinforcement, Huai River main channel flood flow area treatment, and Hai River main channel flood prevention treatment projects and flood-prevention reservoirs such as Yellow River Gugenxia, Fujian Shangbaishi, and Guangdong Huangmaoxia. Conduct research and verification of the Yellow River Heishanxia section development project and permanent river Guanting Shanhsia and Jumashi river Zhangfang and other flood prevention projects. Focus on northern regions to conduct rainstorm and mountain flood disaster reduction system construction. Strengthen the construction of national flood storage and detention areas.

建设长江两湖重点堤防加固、黄河上游干流堤防加固、淮河干流行洪区治理、海河骨干河道防洪治理等工程和黄河古贤、福建上白石、广东黄茅峡等防洪水库，研究论证黄河黑山峡河段开发工程和永定河官厅山峡、拒马河张坊等防洪工程。以北方地区为重点开展暴雨山洪减灾体系建设。加强国家蓄滞洪区建设。

02 Major Water Diversion Projects

Construct the southern water northward diversion eastern route second phase, southern water northward diversion central route Yangtze-to-Han supplementary diversion, Liaodong Peninsula water resource allocation, Sichuan large-to-Minjiang supplementary, Yunnan Dianzhong second-phase water diversion, and Zhejiang middle Zhejiang water resource allocation projects. Advance pre-work for the southwestern Fujian water resource allocation project. Conduct research and verification of the southern water northward diversion western route project.

建设南水北调东线二期、南水北调中线引江补汉、辽东半岛水资源配置、四川引大济岷、云南滇中引水二期、浙江浙中水资源配置等工程。推进闽西南水资源配置工程前期工作。研究论证南水北调西线工程。

03 Water Supply and Irrigation

Advance integrated modernization renovation of large irrigation districts such as Anhui Pixizhang, Sichuan Dujiangyan, Inner Mongolia Hetao, Xinjiang Yerqiang River, and Shandong Weishan. Construct large and medium irrigation districts such as Guangdong Leizhou Peninsula, Guangxi Yongbei, and Chongqing Yutan and water source reservoirs such as Shaanxi Jiaoyan and Guizhou Yulong. Construct the Poyang Lake water conservancy hub project and leverage comprehensive benefits such as ecology and water supply irrigation. Conduct research and verification of the Dongting Lake Chenglingji water conservancy hub project.

推进安徽淠史杭、四川都江堰、内蒙古河套、新疆叶尔羌河、山东位山等大型灌区整装现代化改造，建设广东雷州半岛、广西邕北、重庆玉滩等大中型灌区和陕西焦岩、贵州玉龙等水源水库。建设鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程，发挥生态和供水灌溉等综合效益。研究论证洞庭湖城陵矶水利枢纽工程。

Section 4: Moderately Advancing Construction of New Infrastructure

Around support for industrial upgrade and digital-smart development, advance layout and construction of new infrastructure and intensive and efficient utilization. Perfect information and communication networks, deepen fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) and gigabit-class optical network scaled deployment, advance fifth-generation mobile communication evolution (5G-A) and ten-gigabit-class optical network construction and development and sixth-generation mobile communication (6G) technological innovation, promote mobile internet of things independent iteration. Deeply advance the east computing with west transmission project, construct a multi-level computing facilities system and nationwide integrated computing network. Implement the national blockchain network construction project. Perfect civilian space infrastructure, coordinate construction of satellite communications, navigation, and remote sensing systems, accelerate low-orbit satellite internet constellation networking. Advance digital-smart upgrading of transportation, energy, water conservancy, and other infrastructure.

围绕支撑产业升级和数智化发展，推进新型基础设施布局建设和集约高效利用。完善信息通信网络，深化第五代移动通信（5G）、千兆光网规模部署，推进第五代移动通信演进（5G–A）、万兆光网建设发展和第六代移动通信（6G）技术创新，推动移动物联网自主迭代。深入推进东数西算工程，构建多层次算力设施体系和全国一体化算力网。实施国家区块链网络建设工程。完善民用空间基础设施，统筹建设卫星通信、导航、遥感系统，加快低轨卫星互联网组网。推进交通、能源、水利等基础设施数智化升级。

Special Column 7: New Infrastructure Construction

专栏7 新型基础设施建设

01 Nationwide Integrated Computing Network

Construct a new generation of supercomputing, general-purpose computing, and intelligent computing facility systems, actively develop public cloud services. Construct computing monitoring, dispatch, and regulation platforms, develop and perfect standards and specifications for computing resource pooling, networking, monitoring, operations, and dispatch.

建设新一代超算、通算、智算设施体系，积极发展公有云服务。建设算力监测调度平台，制定完善算力资源池化、并网、监测、运营、调度等标准规范。

02 Satellite Internet

Comprehensively advance satellite internet constellation construction, improve launch, measurement, control and assurance and safety protection capacity, accelerate scale application and internationalization of satellite internet and Beidou in key industries and mass consumer domains. Strengthen coordination of multi-user needs, advance joint construction and data sharing and application of remote sensing satellites, construct an integrated sky-earth-ground, communication-navigation-sensing-computing fused comprehensive service system.

统筹推进卫星互联网星座建设，提升发射测控保障和安全防护能力，加快卫星互联网和北斗在重点行业、大众消费等领域规模化应用和国际化推广。强化多用户需求统筹协调，推进遥感卫星共建和数据共享共用，构建空天地一体、通导感算融合的综合服务体系。

03 Information Communication Networks

Advance ten-gigabit-class optical network deployment and application, construct 1 million high-speed passive optical network (50G PON) endpoints. Accelerate 5G-A mobile communication network scale commercial application, construct 500,000 5G-A base stations, strengthen 6G technological research and development, standard development, and application verification. Improve backbone transmission network capability, advance sea cable construction international cooperation. Implement universal telecommunication services, improve broadband network coverage in border regions.

推进万兆光网部署应用，建设100 万个高速无源光网络（50G PON）端口。加快5G–A移动通信网络规模商用，建设5G–A基站50 万个，加强6G 技术研发、标准研制和应用验证。提升骨干传输网络能力，推进海缆建设国际合作。实施电信普遍服务，提升边疆地区宽带网络覆盖水平。

04 Data Infrastructure

Construct a unified catalog-identification, identity authentication, and access management data circulation and utilization facility system and data security protection platform, layout construction of data labeling, circulation, delivery, and application bases and high-speed data transmission networks.

构建统一目录标识、身份认证、接入管理的数据流通利用设施体系和数据安全防护平台，布局建设数据标注、流通、交付、应用基地和高速数据传输网络。

05 Low-Altitude Infrastructure

With scenario expansion as the driving force, scientifically demarcate low-altitude air routes, along air routes deploy landing and takeoff and communication navigation monitoring and meteorological basic infrastructure. Promote construction of low-altitude intelligent internet-of-things systems and low-altitude safety protection capacity in key regions and locations.

以场景拓展为牵引，科学划设低空航路，沿航路布设起降及通信导航监视气象等基础设施。推动低空智能网联系统、重点区域部位低空安全防护能力等建设。

Part 3: Accelerating High-Level Science and Technology Self-Reliance and Self-Strength and Leading the Development of New Quality Productive Forces

Seize the historical opportunity of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, coordinate the construction of education power, science and technology power, and talent power, improve the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system, comprehensively strengthen independent innovation capacity, seize the commanding heights of science and technology development, promote deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and continuously catalyze new quality productive forces.

抓住新一轮科技革命和产业变革历史机遇，统筹教育强国、科技强国、人才强国建设，提升国家创新体系整体效能，全面增强自主创新能力，抢占科技发展制高点，推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合，不断催生新质生产力。

Chapter 8: Strengthening Original Innovation and Key Core Technology Breakthrough

Adhere to the combination of technology drive and demand pull, combining strengthening advantages with compensating shortcomings, perfect the new-type national system, promote the production of more landmark original achievements.

坚持技术驱动和需求拉动相结合、锻长板和补短板相结合，完善新型举国体制，推动产出更多标志性原创成果。

Section 1: Winning the Key Core Technology Breakthrough Battle

Focus on strategic contested domains and weak links of industrial and supply chains, adopt extraordinary measures, comprehensively advance breakthrough across the full chain in key domains such as integrated circuits, industrial mother machines, high-end instruments, basic software, advanced materials, and biological manufacturing. Perfect the demand-orientation mechanism for refining breakthrough tasks, conduct technology-economy-security assessments. Strengthen cross-field and cross-discipline coordination, perfect major task talent special allocation mechanisms, perfect mechanisms such as “pledge and appoint commander” and “horse racing,” explore alternative compensation, post-hoc subsidies, and other capital support approaches. Strengthen technology-promoting attack and attack-promoting application integration, advance technology development, results conversion, standard development, and industrial cultivation, accelerate application of breakthrough results and product iteration and upgrade.

聚焦战略必争领域和产业链供应链薄弱环节，采取超常规措施，全链条推动集成电路、工业母机、高端仪器、基础软件、先进材料、生物制造等重点领域关键核心技术攻关取得决定性突破。健全需求导向的攻关任务凝练机制，开展技术经济安全评估。强化跨领域跨学科协同，健全重大任务人才特殊调配机制，完善“揭榜挂帅”、“赛马”等制度，探索以奖代补、后补助等资金支持方式。强化以用促攻、攻用结合，一体推进技术研发、成果转化、标准研制、产业培育，加快攻关成果应用和产品迭代升级。

Section 2: Strengthening Strategic Frontier Domain Science and Technology Layout

Target the world science and technology frontier and strengthen systematic layout, implement strategic science and technology deployments in artificial intelligence, quantum science and technology, biological science and technology, and new energy, accelerate breakthroughs in fundamental theories and underlying technologies, promote conversion and application. Organize high-level frontier technology forecast and foresight, establish a national key and emerging technology list, continuously promote research and development of frontier technologies. Strengthen original innovation guidance in scientific research and technology development, optimize environments favorable to original and disruptive innovation, innovate non-consensus project selection and funding mechanisms, expand the scale and proportion of original and disruptive projects in national major science and technology missions and national natural science foundations. Emphasize national strategic needs, solidly advance national science and technology major projects, advance major national science and technology projects oriented toward 2035 ahead of time.

瞄准世界科技前沿强化系统布局，实施人工智能、量子科技、生物科技、新能源等科技战略部署，加快突破基础理论和底层技术，促进转化应用。高水平组织前沿技术预测预见，建立国家关键和新兴技术清单，持续推动前沿技术研发。强化科学研究、技术开发原始创新导向，优化有利于原创性颠覆性创新的环境，创新非共识项目遴选和资助机制，扩大国家重大科技任务、国家自然科学基金原创性颠覆性项目规模和比例。突出国家战略需求，扎实推进国家科技重大专项，超前部署面向 2035 的国家重大科技项目。

Special Column 8: Frontier Technology Breakthrough

专栏8 前沿科技攻关

01 Artificial Intelligence

Develop high-performance artificial intelligence chips and high-availability basic software stacks, accelerate exploration and innovation of model infrastructure, deepen research of interpretable and decision-capable key algorithms, strengthen research and development application of artificial intelligence data governance and safety technology.

研制高性能人工智能芯片和高可用基础软件栈，加快模型基础架构探索创新，深化可解释、可决策等关键算法研究，加强人工智能数据治理和安全技术研究应用。

02 Quantum Science and Technology

Construct an integrated sky-ground quantum communication network, develop fault-tolerant universal quantum computers and scalable specialized quantum computers, break through key quantum precision measurement technologies.

构建天地一体化量子通信网络，研制可容错的通用量子计算机和可扩展的专用量子计算机，突破量子精密测量关键技术。

03 Controllable Nuclear Fusion

Break through key fusion technologies such as tritium fuel preparation and circulation, material radiation testing, high-performance lasers, and superconducting magnet manufacturing, conduct fusion deuterium-tritium combustion plasma operation experiments and multi-technological pathway feasibility verification, advance fusion research and development engineering process.

突破氚燃料制备循环、材料辐照考验、高性能激光、超导磁体制造等核聚变关键技术，开展聚变氘氚燃烧等离子体运行实验和多技术路径可行性验证，推进核聚变研发工程化进程。

04 Life Science and Biotechnology

Deepen research in gene editing, molecular precision delivery, cell programming and regulation, and advanced omics, break through technologies such as artificial biological system synthesis, organoid and organ-on-chip, organ manufacturing, biological structure and function imaging, develop biological engineering design software tools.

深化基因编辑、分子精准递送、细胞编程与调控、先进组学研究，攻关人工生命体系合成、类器官与器官芯片、器官制造、生物结构与功能成像等技术，研制生物工程设计软件工具。

05 Brain Science and Brain-Like Research

Analyze brain cognition and brain function principles, construct innovation technology platforms for neural activity detection and regulation, strengthen research in proactive brain health response technology, develop new methods and products for prevention, diagnosis, intervention, and treatment of major brain diseases, construct brain-like universal intelligent systems.

解析脑认知和脑功能原理，建设神经活动检测与调控等创新技术平台，加强脑健康主动应对技术研究，研发重大脑疾病预防、诊断、干预、治疗新方法新产品，构建类脑通用智能系统。

06 Major Disease Prevention and Treatment and Innovative Drug Research and Development

Perfect technology systems for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis, and viral hepatitis, research key technologies for early screening, early detection, precision medicine, and biological treatment of cancers, cardiovascular and cerebral disease, respiratory disease, and metabolic disease, develop innovative drugs for major frequently-occurring chronic diseases, major infectious diseases, rare diseases, and pediatric medications.

完善艾滋病、结核、病毒性肝炎等传染病防诊治技术体系，研究癌症、心脑血管、呼吸和代谢性疾病的早筛早查、精准医学、生物治疗等关键技术，研发重大高发慢性病、重大传染病、罕见病、儿童用药等创新药物。

07 Deep Sea, Deep Earth, and Polar Exploration

Implement tasks of deep sea typical habitat discovery, ocean drilling, deep sea minerals development, natural gas hydrate exploitation, and ultra-deep water oil and gas development, accelerate deep sea unmanned intelligent technology development, construct the third phase of Jiaolong deep-sea exploration, develop deep-sea space stations. Break through deep earth exploration and mineral resource prospecting equipment, conduct transparent earth basic science research, advance mineral resource intelligent development and utilization technology innovation. Construct the third phase of the Snow Dragon polar exploration project.

实施深海典型生境发现、大洋钻探、深海矿产开发、天然气水合物开采、超深水油气开发等任务，加快深海无人智能技术开发，建设蛟龙探海三期，研制深海空间站。攻关地球深部探测与矿产资源勘探装备，开展透视地球等基础科学研究，推进矿产资源智能化开发利用技术创新。建设雪龙探极三期。

08 Deep Space Exploration

Verify and implement the second phase of planetary exploration projects, near-earth asteroid defense projects, and solar system edge exploration projects. Develop reusable heavy-lift launch vehicles. Verify the construction of international lunar research stations, implement lunar exploration projects.

论证实施行星探测工程二期、近地小行星防御工程、太阳系边际探测工程。研制可重复使用重型运载火箭。论证建设国际月球科研站，实施月球探测工程。

Section 3: Comprehensively Improving Fundamental Research Levels

Strengthen strategic, forward-looking, and systematic layout of fundamental research, coordinate and advance both goal-oriented and freely-explored fundamental research. Accelerate formation of diversified investment pattern for fundamental research, increase fiscal investment strength, perfect tax incentive policies, guide localities, enterprises, social organizations, and individuals with capacity to support fundamental research, encourage establishment of fundamental research charity funds, achieve obvious improvement in the proportion of fundamental research funding in research and development funding investment. Perfect the investment mechanism combining competitive support and stable support, significantly increase long-term stable support for advantaged teams and young science and technology talents engaged in fundamental research, explore long-cycle funding models. Encourage high-risk and high-value fundamental research. Around extreme macroscale, extreme microscale, extreme conditions, and extreme integrated cross-disciplinary scientific frontiers, strengthen research in emerging domains, integrated fusion, and cross-disciplinary fundamental research.

加强基础研究战略性、前瞻性、体系化布局，统筹推进目标导向和自由探索的基础研究。加快形成基础研究多元化投入格局，加大财政投入力度，完善税收激励政策，引导有条件的地方、企业、社会组织、个人支持基础研究，鼓励设立基础研究公益基金，实现基础研究经费投入占研发经费投入比重明显提高。完善竞争性支持和稳定支持相结合的投入机制，加大对从事基础研究的优势团队和青年科技人才长期稳定支持，探索长周期资助模式。鼓励开展高风险、高价值基础研究。围绕极宏观、极微观、极端条件、极综合交叉的科学前沿，加强新兴领域、交叉融合和跨学科基础研究。

Chapter 9: Improving Systematic Innovation Capacity

Coordinate national strategic science and technology capability building, improve innovation resource allocation efficiency, construct a nationally independent and complete, open and efficient innovation system.

统筹国家战略科技力量建设，提高创新资源配置效率，构建自主完备、开放高效的国家创新体系。

Section 1: Strengthening the Leading Role of National Strategic Science and Technology Capacity

Optimize the positioning and layout of national laboratories, national scientific research institutions, high-level research-type universities, and science and technology leading enterprises as national strategic science and technology capacities. Leverage the leading role of national laboratories, support national laboratories in leading the implementation of national major science and technology tasks and exploring new-type scientific research organization models, strengthen the construction of national key laboratories. Accelerate layout adjustment and optimization reorganization of national scientific research institutions, perfect management and operation mechanisms adapted to responsibility positioning. Support high-level research-type universities in creating first-class academic environments, build the main force of fundamental research and primary position of talent cultivation. Foster and strengthen science and technology leading enterprises, improve capacity for integrating innovation resources and constructing industrial ecosystems. Encourage and regulate the development of new-type research institutions.

优化国家实验室、国家科研机构、高水平研究型大学和科技领军企业等国家战略科技力量定位和布局。发挥国家实验室龙头作用，支持国家实验室牵头实施国家重大科技任务、探索新型科研组织模式，加强全国重点实验室建设。加快国家科研机构布局调整和优化重组，完善与职责定位相适应的管理运行机制。支持高水平研究型大学创造一流学术环境，打造基础研究主力军和人才培养主阵地。培育壮大科技领军企业，提升整合创新资源、构建产业生态能力。鼓励和规范发展新型研发机构。

Section 2: Strengthening Science and Technology Innovation Resource Assurance

Strengthen a coordinated science and technology task deployment mechanism, perfect the national major science and technology decision consultation system. Perfect the central fiscal science and technology funding allocation and management and use mechanism, perfect a major science and technology task central and local co-investment mechanism, improve investment performance. Expand the scope of “full-package budgeting” of fiscal scientific research project funds, grant scientists greater technology route decision authority, greater funding allocation authority, greater resource dispatch authority. Strengthen independent assurance of science and technology foundational conditions, coordinate construction of science and technology innovation platform infrastructure, systematically layout construction of major science and technology infrastructure, strengthen construction of high-end scientific research instruments, science and technology journals, and scientific data, promote resource openness and sharing. Perfect regional innovation systems, layout construction of regional science and technology innovation centers and industrial science and technology innovation highlands, strengthen the strategic source function of international science and technology innovation centers, strengthen the innovation resource clustering effect of comprehensive national science centers, perfect central and local linkage and regional coordinated innovation mechanisms.

强化统筹协调的科技任务部署机制，健全国家重大科技决策咨询制度。完善中央财政科技经费分配和管理使用机制，健全重大科技任务央地投入共担机制，提高投入绩效。扩大财政科研项目经费“包干制”范围，赋予科学家更大技术路线决定权、更大经费支配权、更大资源调度权。强化科技基础条件自主保障，统筹科技创新平台基地建设，体系化布局建设重大科技基础设施，加强高端科研仪器、科技期刊、科学数据等条件建设，推动资源开放共享。完善区域创新体系，布局建设区域科技创新中心和产业科技创新高地，强化国际科技创新中心策源功能，增强综合性国家科学中心创新资源集群效应，完善央地联动、区域协同的创新机制。

Special Column 9: Innovation Foundational Capacity Improvement

专栏9 创新基础能力提升

01 National Laboratory System

Support national laboratories, national key laboratories, and other major scientific research platforms in construction and scientific research condition improvement, with national laboratories as the main body, with national key laboratories and other coordinated breakthrough national science and technology innovation platform infrastructure as important support, form a mission-driven, task-oriented, efficient and coordinated national laboratory system.

支持国家实验室、全国重点实验室等重大科研平台建设和科研条件改善，以国家实验室为主体，以全国重点实验室等协同攻关的国家科技创新平台基地为重要支撑，形成使命驱动、任务导向、高效协同的国家实验室体系。

02 Major Science and Technology Infrastructure

Construct strategic-guidance type facilities such as the key components thermal physics testing apparatus of intake-type engines and high-precision ground-based timing system, application support type facilities such as the second phase of the spallation neutron source and the deep rock and soil engineering disturbance simulation facility, forward-leading-type facilities such as the integrated sky-ground quantum precision measurement experiment facility and optimization improvement of the pulsed strong magnetic field experiment apparatus.

建设吸气式发动机关键部件热物理试验装置、高精度地基授时系统等战略导向型设施，散裂中子源二期工程、深部岩土工程扰动模拟设施等应用支撑型设施，空地一体量子精密测量实验设施、脉冲强磁场实验装置优化提升等前瞻引领型设施。

03 Regional Innovation System

Support Beijing (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei), Shanghai (Yangtze River Delta), and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area international science and technology innovation center construction, build world-class science and technology innovation strategy sources. Support Beijing Huairou, Shanghai Zhangjiang, Greater Bay Area, and Anhui Hefei comprehensive national science center construction of major scientific research facility platform clusters. Advance construction of Chengdu-Chongqing, Wuhan, and Xi’an regional science and technology innovation centers.

支持北京（京津冀）、上海（长三角）、粤港澳大湾区国际科技创新中心建设，打造世界级科技创新策源地。支持北京怀柔、上海张江、大湾区、安徽合肥综合性国家科学中心建设重大科研设施平台集群。推进成渝地区、武汉、西安区域科技创新中心建设。

04 Science and Technology Infrastructure Platforms

Implement high-end scientific research instruments and biological reagent industry innovation projects. Perfect biological germplasm and experimental materials resource databases and national wilderness science observation and research station layouts. Construct world first-class science and technology journals, high-level science and technology literature platforms, and scientific databases.

实施高端科研仪器和生物试剂产业创新工程。完善生物种质与实验材料资源库、国家野外科学观测研究站布局。建设世界一流科技期刊、高水平科技文献平台和科学数据库。

Section 3: Constructing a High-Level Science and Technology Open Cooperation New Pattern

Cultivate an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness, support coordinated effort with researchers from all nations in attacking fundamental frontier scientific problems. Leverage the role of science research funds oriented toward the globe, expand opening of science and technology plans to the outside, establish and perfect science and technology capital cross-border allocation, overseas usage management systems and mechanisms, and scientific research data cross-border safe and orderly circulation mechanisms, promote major scientific research infrastructure and platform opening to global scientists. Optimize the professional exchange and cooperation management mechanism of universities, scientific research institutions, and science and technology associations for external relations. Lead the implementation of and actively participate in international major science plans and large-scale science projects, support the establishment of international science and technology organizations within our territory, construct international science and technology awards with global influence.

营造具有全球竞争力的开放创新生态，支持与各国科研人员共同攻克基础前沿科学问题。发挥面向全球的科学研究基金作用，扩大科技计划对外开放，建立健全科技资金跨境拨付、境外使用管理制度和科研数据跨境安全有序流动机制，推动重大科研基础设施和平台向全球科学家开放使用。优化高校、科研院所、科技社团对外专业交流合作管理机制。牵头实施并积极参与国际大科学计划和大科学工程，支持在我国境内设立国际科技组织，打造具有全球影响力的国际科技奖项。

Chapter 10: Strengthening Enterprise Science and Technology Innovation Main Body Position

Implement the main body position of enterprises in technological innovation decision-making, research and development investment, scientific research organization, and scientific achievements conversion and application, promote the deep integration of innovation chain, industrial chain, funding chain, and talent chain.

落实企业在技术创新决策、研发投入、科研组织和成果转化应用中的主体地位，促进创新链产业链资金链人才链深度融合。

Section 1: Promoting Convergence of Innovation Resources toward Enterprises

Establish and perfect a policy system for convergence of innovation resources such as projects, platforms, data, and talent toward enterprises. Improve enterprise participation in national major science and technology innovation decision-making, establish industrial key shared technology needs as an important direction for national science and technology plan support, promote capable enterprises’ major science and technology projects into the national science and technology plan system. Support enterprises in assuming more national science and technology breakthrough tasks, grant lead enterprises greater autonomy in technology route definition, breakthrough task promotion, participating unit selection, and funding allocation and distribution. Preferentially support science and technology-type backbone enterprises in constructing national science and technology innovation platform infrastructure, greatly increase opening of national scientific data and engineering test data and talent plans to enterprises. Perfect policies for scientific research personnel off-post entrepreneurship and concurrent operation with concurrent payment, encourage outstanding talents to flow toward enterprises.

建立健全项目、平台、数据、人才等创新资源向企业集聚的政策体系。提高企业在国家重大科技创新决策中的参与度，将产业关键共性技术需求作为国家科技计划支持的重要方向，推动具备条件的企业重大科技项目纳入国家科技计划体系。支持企业更多承担国家科技攻关任务，在技术路线制定、攻关任务推进、参与单位选择和经费使用分配方面赋予牵头企业更大自主权。优先支持科技型骨干企业建设国家科技创新平台基地，加大国家科学数据和工程试验数据、人才计划向企业开放力度。完善科研人员离岗创业、兼职兼薪等政策，激励优秀人才向企业流动。

Section 2: Strengthening Enterprise-Led Industry-University-Research Integrated Innovation

Encourage enterprises in coordinated scientific research attacks with universities and scientific research institutions targeting industry needs and demands. Support science and technology-type backbone enterprises in leading the organization of innovation consortiums, advance joint research and development of key shared technologies and mid-test, demonstration, and application of science and technology results. Deepen the vested rights reform of duties science and technology results, establish single-item asset management system for duty science and technology results, advance technology transfer system construction, accelerate efficient conversion and application of science and technology results. Guide universities and scientific research institutions in licensing science and technology innovation results to micro and small enterprises according to prior-use then payment methods. Encourage science and technology leading enterprises in opening scientific research conditions and application scenarios to micro and small enterprises, providing technology development services.

鼓励企业面向产业需求与高校、科研院所联合开展科研攻关。支持科技型骨干企业牵头组建创新联合体，开展关键共性技术研发及科技成果中试和示范应用。深化职务科技成果赋权改革，建立职务科技成果资产单列管理制度，推进技术转移体系建设，加快科技成果高效转化应用。引导高校、科研院所按照先使用后付费方式把科技创新成果许可给中小微企业使用。鼓励科技领军企业向中小微企业开放科研条件和应用场景、提供技术开发服务。

Section 3: Perfecting the Policy System for Promoting Enterprise Innovation

Strengthen inclusive policy supply, cultivate a favorable environment for enterprise innovation. Support high-tech enterprises and science and technology-type small and medium enterprises development, improve the enterprise research and development cost additional deduction ratio. Establish an enterprise research and development reserve system. Construct a science and technology finance system suited to science and technology innovation, perfect long-term capital investment early, investment small, investment long-term, and investment hard science and technology support policies, support quality science and technology-type enterprises in initial public offerings and financing, issue bonds, construct high-quality bond market “science and technology board,” vigorously develop venture capital, expand medium and long-term venture capital funding sources through multiple channels, leverage the role of national venture capital guidance funds and national-level acquisition and merger funds. Improve the convenience of foreign investment in conducting stock investments and venture capital investments in China. Increase the intensity of government procurement of independent innovation products. Establish a science and technology insurance policy system, enrich science and technology insurance products. Strengthen full-chain intellectual property protection, perfect patent and trademark examination policies, comprehensively implement patent open licensing systems.

加强普惠性政策供给，营造有利于企业创新的良好环境。支持高新技术企业和科技型中小企业发展，提高企业研发费用加计扣除比例。建立企业研发准备金制度。构建同科技创新相适应的科技金融体制，完善长期资本投早、投小、投长期、投硬科技支持政策，支持优质科技型企业上市融资、发行债券，高质量建设债券市场“科技板”，大力发展创业投资，多渠道拓宽中长期创业投资资金来源，发挥国家创业投资引导基金、国家级并购基金作用。提高外资在华开展股权投资、风险投资便利性。加大政府采购自主创新产品力度。建立科技保险政策体系，丰富科技保险产品。强化知识产权全链条保护，优化专利商标审查政策，全面实施专利开放许可制度。

Chapter 11: Integrated Advancement of Education, Science and Technology, and Talent Development

Deepen integrated education, science and technology, and talent reform, strengthen planning connection, policy coordination, resource coordination, and evaluation linkage, promote favorable interaction of science and technology independent innovation and talent independent cultivation.

深化教育科技人才一体改革，强化规划衔接、政策协同、资源统筹、评价联动，促进科技自主创新和人才自主培养良性互动。

Section 1: Establishing and Perfecting Integrated Advancement Coordination Mechanisms

Perfect the strategy unified implementation mechanism for education, science and technology, and talent, strengthen organic connection of strategic goals, integrated deployment of strategic tasks, coordinated exertion of policy measures, and coordinated allocation of resources and factors, promote education, science and technology, and talent platform base coordinated layout, construct education centers, science centers, talent centers with global influence. In localities with capacity, explore establishment of integrated education, science and technology, and talent coordination management mechanisms. Around innovation needs, accelerate the construction of national strategic talent capacity, greatly increase cultivation and support intensity for strategic scientists, science and technology leading talents, fundamental research talents, young science and technology talents, and others. Strengthen talent cooperation, optimize talent structure, perfect orderly circulation mechanisms, promote talent regional coordinated development.

健全教育科技人才战略统筹实施机制，加强战略目标有机衔接、战略任务一体部署、政策措施协调发力、资源要素统筹配置，推动教育科技人才平台基地协同布局，建设具有全球影响力的教育中心、科学中心、人才中心。在有条件的地方探索建立教育科技人才统筹管理机制。围绕创新需求加快建设国家战略人才力量，加大对战略科学家、科技领军人才、基础研究人才、青年科技人才等的培养和支持力度。加强人才协作，优化人才结构，完善有序流动机制，促进人才区域协调发展。

Section 2: Coordinating Advancement of Innovation-Type Talent Cultivation

Coordinate personnel cultivation around science and technology innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs, improve the quality of independent talent cultivation. Focus on advantageous disciplines, appropriately expand the scope of “double first-class” construction, construct several new-type research-oriented universities. Perfect mechanisms for higher education discipline and specialized curriculum layout and adjustment, super-normally layout emerging domain disciplines and specializations acutely needed by artificial intelligence and integrated circuits, deeply implement fundamental discipline and cross-disciplinary breakthrough plans. Strengthen the talent gathering and cultivation functions of scientific research institutions, innovation platforms, enterprises, and science and technology plans, tilt recruitment indicators toward units assuming major science and technology tasks. Explore new modes for outstanding innovative talent cultivation, strengthen science and technology literacy, critical thinking, and innovative capacity cultivation for youth and adolescents, strengthen the coordination of science and technology education and humanities education, strengthen integrated cultivation of undergraduate, master’s, and doctoral education in fundamental disciplines, cross-disciplines, and strategically-needed domains.

围绕科技创新、产业发展和国家战略需求协同育人，提高人才自主培养质量。聚焦优势学科适度扩大“双一流”建设范围，新建若干所新型研究型大学。健全高等教育学科专业设置调整机制，超常规布局人工智能、集成电路等新兴领域急需学科专业，深入实施基础学科和交叉学科突破计划。强化科研机构、创新平台、企业、科技计划人才集聚培养功能，招生指标向重大科技任务承担单位倾斜。探索拔尖创新人才培养新模式，加强青少年科学素养、批判性思维和创新能力培养，强化科技教育和人文教育协同，加强基础学科、交叉学科和战略急需领域本硕博衔接培养。

Section 3: Linkage Advancement of Incentive Evaluation Mechanism Innovation

Take innovative capacity, quality, effectiveness, and contribution as the evaluation guidance, deepen project review, institution assessment, talent assessment, and income distribution reform, stimulate innovation and creative drive and vitality. Develop fundamental research assessment with original achievement of results and academic value as the primary focus, perfect international peer assessment. Implement applied research and technology development assessment with user and market feedback as the primary focus, consider new technology and new products as important basis for performance assessment, job title evaluation, and talent plan support. Grant employing organizations greater talent assessment autonomy, prevent simple determination of salary, treatment, and resource allocation based on titles and honors. Perfect personnel establishment, salary and treatment, job title evaluation and appointment, and assessment and promotion supporting policies, unblock talent exchange channels among universities, scientific research institutions, and enterprises. Perfect mechanisms for overseas talent introduction and support and assurance, establish a high-tech talent immigration system, introduce and cultivate world-class outstanding talents. Strengthen science and technology popular science, cultivate innovation culture, exalt the spirit of scientists. Strengthen science and technology law, ethics, integrity, and safety construction.

以创新能力、质量、实效、贡献为评价导向，深化项目评审、机构评估、人才评价、收入分配改革，激发创新创造动力活力。开展以成果原创性和学术价值为主的基础研究评价，优化国际同行评价。推行以用户和市场反馈为主的应用研究和技术开发评价，将新技术新产品作为业绩考核、职称评定、人才计划支持的重要依据。赋予用人单位更大人才评价自主权，防止简单以称号头衔确定薪酬待遇、配置资源。完善人员编制、薪酬待遇、职称评聘、考核晋升等配套政策，畅通高校、科研院所、企业人才交流通道。健全海外引进人才支持保障机制，建立高技术人才移民制度，引育世界优秀人才。加强科学技术普及，培育创新文化，弘扬科学家精神。加强科技法治、伦理、诚信、安全建设。

Part 4: Deeply Advance the Construction of Digital China and Elevate the Level of Digital and Intelligent Development

第四篇 深入推进数字中国建设 提升数智化发展水平

Grasp the major trends of digitalization, networking, and intelligence development, fully leverage the advantages of abundant data resources, complete industrial systems, and broad application scenarios in our country, activate the potential of data as a factor of production, accelerate innovation in digital and intelligent technologies, deepen and expand the “Artificial Intelligence+” initiative, empower economic and social development and enhanced governance capacity, and promote deep-level transformation of production methods and revolutionary leaps in productivity.

把握数字化、网络化、智能化发展大势，充分发挥我国数据资源丰富、产业体系完备、应用场景广阔优势，激活数据要素潜能，加快数智技术创新，深化拓展“人工智能+”，赋能经济社会发展和治理能力提升，促进生产方式深层次变革和生产力革命性跃迁。

Chapter 12: Strengthen Efficient Supply of Computing Power, Algorithms, and Data

第十二章 强化算力算法数据高效供给

Coordinate the promotion of computing power facility construction, model algorithm development, and high-quality data resource supply to build a solid foundation for digital and intelligent development.

统筹推进算力设施建设、模型算法发展和高质量数据资源供给，筑牢数智化发展底座。

Section 1: Strengthen Computing Power Facility Support

第一节 加强算力设施支撑

Coordinate planning and orderly construction of computing power facilities, and promote scaled, intensive, green, and inclusive development of computing power resources. Accelerate the construction of national hub computing power facility clusters, support regions with conditions to moderately develop computing power in response to low-latency scenario requirements, and promote coordinated development of cloud, edge, and terminal computing. Strengthen the supply of high-performance, high-quality intelligent computing resources, and conduct demonstration and construction of ultra-large-scale intelligent computing clusters. Promote market-based construction and operation of computing power facilities, support meeting computing power demands through various means such as government procurement of computing power services and computing power leasing, and foster innovative development of standardized, scalable intelligent computing cloud services. Promote coordinated layout of green electricity and computing power. Strengthen integrated monitoring and dispatching of computing power across the nation, and enhance the capability for computing power access and precise matching. Accelerate the cultivation of autonomous and controllable, collaboratively operating software and hardware ecosystems. Improve the inclusive and user-friendly level of computing power, and reduce the cost of computing power use for small and medium enterprises.

统筹布局、有序建设算力设施，推进算力资源规模化、集约化、绿色化、普惠化发展。加快国家枢纽算力设施集群建设，支持有条件地区根据低时延场景需求适度发展算力，推进云边端协同发展。加强高性能高质量智算资源供给，论证建设超大规模智算集群。推进算力设施市场化建设运营，支持通过政府购买算力服务、算力租赁等多种方式满足算力需求，创新发展标准化可扩展的智算云服务。推动绿色电力与算力协同布局。加强全国一体化算力监测调度，提升算力接入和精准匹配能力。加快培育自主可控、协同运行的软硬件生态。提升算力普惠易用水平，降低中小企业用算成本。

Section 2: Promote Iterative Innovation of Models and Algorithms

第二节 促进模型算法迭代创新

Accelerate breakthroughs in fundamental artificial intelligence theory and core technologies, advance improvements to artificial intelligence model architecture and algorithm optimization, and strengthen coordinated innovation of “models, chips, clouds, and applications.” Establish a task-oriented, flexibly authorized, and cross-domain collaborative algorithm innovation organizational model, and accelerate research into more efficient model training and inference methods. Encourage technological innovation in multimodal, intelligent agent, embodied intelligence, and swarm intelligence technologies, and explore development pathways for general artificial intelligence. Promote synchronized development of general large models and industry-specific specialized models, leverage high-value application scenarios to drive model application implementation and iterative upgrading. Establish and improve a model capability assessment system.

加快突破人工智能基础理论和核心技术，推进人工智能模型架构改进、算法优化，强化“模芯云用”协同创新。构建任务导向、灵活授权、跨域协同的算法创新组织模式，加快研究更加高效的模型训练和推理方法。鼓励多模态、智能体、具身智能、群体智能等技术创新，探索通用人工智能发展路径。推动通用大模型和行业专用模型同步发展，依托高价值场景推动模型应用落地和迭代升级。建立健全模型能力评估体系。

Section 3: Deepen Development and Utilization of Data Resources

第三节 深化数据资源开发利用

Construct a national data resource system, improve the data resource statistical survey system, and establish a comprehensive national data resource “single ledger.” Coordinate promotion of government data sharing, public data opening, and authorized operation, improve the responsibility system for development and utilization of public data resources and the compliance utilization mechanism for personal data, and promote development and opening of enterprise and industry data. Perfect the data standards system and quality management system, accelerate construction of artificial intelligence corpora, build high-quality datasets targeting energy, transportation, manufacturing, education, health, finance and other sectors, and establish a reasonable use system for artificial intelligence training data. Strengthen research and development and application of key technologies and equipment in the data sector, foster and expand the data industry, and deeply carry out the “Data Elements ×” initiative. Construct and operate national data infrastructure, and implement a trustworthy data space development action plan.

构建国家数据资源体系，健全数据资源统计调查制度，建立全国数据资源“一本账”。统筹推进政务数据共享、公共数据开放和授权运营，健全公共数据资源开发利用责任制和个人数据合规利用机制，推动企业数据、行业数据开发开放。完善数据标准体系和质量管理体系，加快建设人工智能语料库，面向能源、交通、制造、教育、健康、金融等领域建设高质量数据集，建立人工智能训练数据合理使用制度。加强数据领域关键技术和设备研发应用，培育壮大数据产业，深入开展“数据要素×”行动。建设和运营国家数据基础设施，实施可信数据空间发展行动计划。

Chapter 13: Comprehensively Promote Digital and Intelligent Technology Empowerment

第十三章 全方位推进数智技术赋能

Fully implement the “Artificial Intelligence+” initiative, strengthen the integration of artificial intelligence with scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, cultural development, livelihood protection, and social governance, seize the commanding heights of artificial intelligence industrial applications, and comprehensively empower the thousands of industries and hundreds of trades.

全面实施“人工智能+”行动，加强人工智能同科技创新、产业发展、文化建设、民生保障、社会治理相结合，抢占人工智能产业应用制高点，全方位赋能千行百业。

Section 1: Promote Deep Integration of Real Economy and Digital Economy

第一节 促进实体经济和数字经济深度融合

Expand the core industries of the digital economy, develop next-generation communication technologies, cloud computing, blockchain and other industries, enhance the standards of high-end chips, optoelectronic devices, basic software and industrial software and other industries, and build digital industry clusters with international competitiveness. Advance the construction of national artificial intelligence innovation bases, cultivate smart native new models and business forms, and establish national artificial intelligence application pilot bases. Promote “smart transformation, digital conversion, and networked integration” in manufacturing, implement the intelligent manufacturing project and the industrial Internet innovation and development project, and comprehensively promote network, identification, platform, data, and security system construction and large-scale application. Advance digital and intelligent transformation of service industries, and develop smart agriculture. Establish a network to promote digital and intelligent transformation, and improve the service system for digital and intelligent empowerment of small and medium enterprises. Promote open-source ecosystem construction, and improve open-source operation mechanisms.

壮大数字经济核心产业，发展新一代通信技术、云计算、区块链等产业，提升高端芯片、光电子器件、基础软件和工业软件等产业水平，打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群。推进国家人工智能创新高地建设，培育智能原生新模式新业态，建设国家人工智能应用中试基地。促进制造业“智改数转网联”，实施智能制造工程和工业互联网创新发展工程，一体推进网络、标识、平台、数据、安全体系建设和规模化应用。推进服务业数智化，发展智慧农业。建设数智化转型促进网络，健全中小企业数智赋能服务体系。推进开源体系建设，完善开源运行机制。

Section 2: Create a Beautiful Digital and Intelligent Life

第二节 创造美好数智生活

Fully leverage the role of digital and intelligent technologies and data factors in enriching people’s lives and improving livelihood welfare, and expand integrated applications in education, medical care, elderly care, cultural tourism, employment, consumption and other sectors. Enrich smart home, smart transportation, and smart community scenarios, develop intelligent terminal products and services, and construct a circle of digital and intelligent convenient public services. Promote artificial intelligence-assisted education model transformation, orderly advance the application of digital and intelligent technologies in auxiliary diagnosis, precision medicine, health management, medical insurance services, elderly care and disability assistance and other scenarios. Deeply implement the national digital literacy and skills enhancement initiative, and strengthen the employment creation effect of artificial intelligence. Actively explore using digital and intelligent technologies to improve basic-level medical service capacity, promote educational equity, and support equalization of basic public services.

充分发挥数智技术和数据要素对丰富人民生活、改善民生福祉的作用，拓展教育、医疗、养老、文旅、就业、消费等领域融合应用。丰富智能家居、智慧出行和智慧社区场景，发展智能终端产品和服务，构建数智便民服务圈。促进人工智能助力教育模式变革，有序推动数智技术在辅助诊疗、精准医疗、健康管理、医保服务、养老助残等场景的应用。深入实施全民数字素养与技能提升行动，强化人工智能的就业创造效应。积极探索运用数智技术提高基层医疗服务能力、促进教育公平，助力基本公共服务均等化。

Section 3: Improve Government Governance Digital and Intelligent Level

第三节 提高政府治理数智化水平

Deepen the full-process application of digital and intelligent technologies, develop ubiquitous and accessible, smart and convenient, fair and inclusive digital and intelligent government services. Perfect the integrated online government service platform covering the entire nation, strengthen the construction of data “one-form-is-sufficient” and public application support systems, and advance cross-departmental, cross-level, cross-region sharing and utilization of government data. Safely, steadily, and orderly advance the deployment and application of large-model artificial intelligence in the government sector, and explore establishing a new service model that precisely identifies needs, proactively plans services, and comprehensively intelligently handles affairs. Deepen artificial intelligence empowerment of safety governance, and enhance the capacity for perception and early warning, command and decision-making, precise management, and immediate response.

深化数智技术全流程应用，发展泛在可及、智慧便捷、公平普惠的数智化政务服务。完善覆盖全国的一体化在线政务服务平台，强化数据“一表通”和公共应用支撑体系建设，推进政务数据跨部门跨层级跨地区共享利用。安全稳妥有序推进政务领域人工智能大模型部署应用，探索构建精准识别需求、主动规划服务、全程智能办理的服务新模式。深化人工智能赋能安全治理，提升感知预警、指挥决策、精准管理和即时响应能力。

Special Column 10: The “Artificial Intelligence+” Initiative

专栏10 “人工智能+”行动

01 “Artificial Intelligence+” Science and Technology

01 “人工智能+”科学技术

Accelerate exploration of new scientific research paradigms and technical research and development models driven by artificial intelligence, advance the research and application of science large models, establish scientific research intelligent platforms and high-quality scientific datasets, and strengthen coordinated innovation of artificial intelligence with quantum technology, life science, new materials, new energy, 6G and other sector technologies.

加快探索人工智能驱动的新型科研范式和技术研发模式，推进科学大模型研发应用，建设科研智能平台和高质量科学数据集，加强人工智能与量子科技、生命科学、新材料、新能源、6G 等领域技术协同创新。

02 “Artificial Intelligence+” Industrial Development

02 “人工智能+”产业发展

Advance the implementation and application of artificial intelligence across all links including industrial design, pilot testing, production, and operations, and accelerate innovation in scenarios such as electrical system regulation and control, energy exploration and development, and new energy power forecasting. Accelerate agricultural digital and intelligent upgrading targeting biological breeding, production management, and disease prevention scenarios. In the software information, financial commerce, transportation logistics and other service sectors, promote widespread application of intelligent terminals and intelligent agents.

推动人工智能在工业设计、中试、生产、运营等全环节落地应用，加快电力系统调控、能源勘探开发、新能源功率预测等场景创新。面向生物育种、生产管理、疫病防治等场景加快农业数智化升级。在软件信息、金融商务、交通物流等服务业领域，推动智能终端、智能体等广泛应用。

03 “Artificial Intelligence+” Consumption Quality Enhancement

03 “人工智能+”消费提质

Develop efficiency-enhancing, accompanying and other smart native applications, advance the development of artificial intelligence smartphones and computers, smart robots and other next-generation intelligent terminals, and explore new forms of intelligent products. Expand new scenarios for intelligent service consumption, establish a group of artificial intelligence experience centers, and create an integrated full-scenario covering smart interactive environment.

开发提效型、陪伴型等智能原生应用，发展人工智能手机和电脑、智能机器人等新一代智能终端，探索智能产品新形态。拓展智能服务消费新场景，建设一批人工智能体验中心，打造一体化全场景覆盖的智能交互环境。

04 “Artificial Intelligence+” Livelihood Welfare

04 “人工智能+”民生福祉

Innovate teaching models such as intelligent study companions and intelligent teachers, deepen applications in precision teaching, personalized learning, and intelligent tutoring. Promote high-level resident health assistants, and expand the application of intelligent auxiliary diagnosis in primary-level medical institutions. Promote innovative application of artificial intelligence in cultural creation, production, dissemination, and tourism service experience and other fields. Enhance residential design and residential intelligence levels. Explore new work forms of human-machine collaboration, and advance the application of embodied intelligence in positions with tight labor supplies and high environmental hazards.

创新智能学伴、智能教师等教学模式，深化精准教学、个性化学习、智能辅学等应用。推广高水平居民健康助手，扩大智能辅助诊疗在基层医疗机构的应用。推动人工智能在文化创作生产传播、旅游服务体验等领域创新应用。提升住宅设计和居住智能化水平。探索人机协同的新型工作形态，推动具身智能在劳动力紧缺、环境高危等岗位应用。

05 “Artificial Intelligence+” Governance Capacity

05 “人工智能+”治理能力

Strengthen the application of artificial intelligence in market comprehensive regulation, safety production supervision, disaster prevention and mitigation and relief, social security management, network space maintenance, and ecological environment protection and other aspects, and explore establishing a safety governance system with coordination of natural persons, digital persons, and intelligent robots.

加强人工智能在市场综合监管、安全生产监管、防灾减灾救灾、社会治安管理、网络空间维护、生态环境保护等方面应用，探索构建自然人、数字人、智能机器人等协同的安全治理体系。

06 “Artificial Intelligence+” Global Cooperation

06 “人工智能+”全球合作

Promote the establishment of a World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization, construct “Belt and Road” artificial intelligence multilateral cooperation platforms and international artificial intelligence application cooperation centers, and promote countries to jointly formulate regulatory frameworks, technical standards, and ethical norms. Accelerate the construction of an open-source technology system and community ecosystem oriented toward global opening-up.

推动成立世界人工智能合作组织，建设“一带一路”人工智能多边合作平台、国际人工智能应用合作中心，推动各国共同制定监管框架、技术标准和伦理规范。加快构建面向全球开放的开源技术体系和社区生态。

Chapter 14: Cultivate a Healthy and Orderly Development Ecosystem

第十四章 营造健康有序的发展生态

Persist in coordinating the promotion of development and normative management, strengthen the construction of data fundamental systems and rules and artificial intelligence governance, and cultivate a beneficial, safe, and fair development environment.

坚持促进发展和规范管理相统筹，加强数据基础制度规则建设和人工智能治理，营造有益、安全、公平的发展环境。

Section 1: Perfect Data Elements Fundamental Systems

第一节 健全数据要素基础制度

Establish and improve fundamental systems for data elements including data property rights, circulation and utilization, benefit distribution, and safety governance. Perfect the structural subdivision system of data property rights, and construct a nationwide unified data property rights registration system. Construct an open, shared, and secure nationwide integrated data market, perfect data circulation and transaction rules and standards, optimize the layout of data trading institutions, and regulate the development of third-party professional service institutions. Establish the price formation mechanism for data elements, and explore data benefit distribution mechanisms that take into account the interests of all parties. Perfect legal and regulatory frameworks in the data sector, and establish rules for data collection, storage, circulation, and use management. Implement classified and tiered management of data, and enhance the capacity for data safety protection.

建立健全数据产权、流通利用、收益分配、安全治理等数据要素基础制度。完善数据产权结构性分置制度，构建全国统一的数据产权登记体系。建设开放共享安全的全国一体化数据市场，完善数据流通交易规则和标准，优化数据交易机构布局，规范发展第三方专业服务机构。建立数据要素价格形成机制，探索兼顾各方利益的数据收益分配机制。完善数据领域法律法规，健全数据采集、存储、流通、使用管理规则。实施数据分类分级管理，提升数据安全保护能力。

Section 2: Perfect Scientific and Effective Regulatory Mechanisms

第二节 完善科学有效监管机制

Improve safety supervision frameworks for new technologies and business forms, establish mechanisms for technical standard formulation and adjustment and tiered management of technical applications, and advance multi-stakeholder collaborative governance. Perfect legal frameworks, policies and systems, application standards, and ethical guidelines in the artificial intelligence sector, establish systems for algorithm registration, transparency management, and safety assessment, and explore the establishment of rules for determining the ownership of intellectual property rights and the rights and responsibilities of developers, operators, and users of artificial intelligence-generated outputs. Promote the establishment of artificial intelligence full-lifecycle risk management systems, and improve risk prevention and control systems covering safety monitoring, risk early warning, and emergency response. Advance innovation and healthy development of platform economy, strengthen regulation of platform enterprise data, algorithms, traffic, and rules, and promote platform enterprises and in-platform operators and workers to achieve mutually beneficial development. Legally combat data abuse, deepfakes, privacy leakage and other behaviors.

健全新技术新业态安全监管框架，构建技术标准研制调整、技术应用分级管理机制，推进多元协同共治。完善人工智能领域法律法规、政策制度、应用规范、伦理准则，健全算法备案、透明度管理、安全评估等制度，探索建立人工智能生成物权利归属和开发者经营者使用者权责认定规则。推动建立人工智能全生命周期风险管理制度，健全覆盖安全监测、风险预警、应急响应的风险防控体系。推动平台经济创新和健康发展，加强平台企业数据、算法、流量和规则监管，促进平台企业和平台内经营者、劳动者共赢发展。依法打击数据滥用、深度伪造、泄露隐私等行为。

Section 3: Expand International Cooperation in Digital and Intelligent Sectors

第三节 拓展数智领域国际合作

Construct a global digital cooperation partner relationship network, deepen cooperation in e-commerce, mobile payments, smart cities and other sectors, and explore the construction of offshore computing facility infrastructure and data cross-border flow service infrastructure. Actively participate in international governance in artificial intelligence, digital currency, data cross-border flow and other sectors, reach broader consensus in data security, privacy protection, cross-border law enforcement cooperation and other aspects, and strengthen international judicial coordination and rule mutual recognition. Promote the establishment of an artificial intelligence governance framework with broad participation from all countries, jointly construct an equal, mutually trusting, pluralistic, and mutually beneficial global artificial intelligence open ecosystem, and support Global South countries in strengthening artificial intelligence capacity building.

构建全球数字合作伙伴关系网络，深化电子商务、移动支付、智慧城市等领域合作，探索建设离岸算力设施、数据跨境流动服务基础设施。积极参与人工智能、数字货币、数据跨境流动等领域国际治理，在数据安全、隐私保护、跨境执法协作等方面达成更多共识，加强国际司法协调和规则互认。推动建立各国广泛参与的人工智能治理框架，共同构建平权、互信、多元、共赢的全球人工智能开放生态，支持全球南方国家加强人工智能能力建设。

Part 5: Construct a Strong Domestic Market and Accelerate the Building of a New Development Pattern

第五篇 建设强大国内市场 加快构建新发展格局

Persist in expanding domestic demand as a strategic fulcrum, persist in combining benefit to livelihood and consumption promotion with investment in physical capital and investment in human capital, use new demand to guide new supply, use new supply to create new demand, promote beneficial interaction between consumption and investment, supply and demand, achieve higher-level dynamic balance between supply and demand, and strengthen the endogenous driving force and reliability of the domestic large circulation.

坚持扩大内需这个战略基点，坚持惠民生和促消费、投资于物和投资于人紧密结合，以新需求引领新供给，以新供给创造新需求，促进消费和投资、供给和需求良性互动，实现供需更高水平动态平衡，增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性。

Chapter 15: Greatly Boost Consumption

第十五章 大力提振消费

Deeply implement the special action of boosting consumption, enhance residents’ consumption capacity, improve consumption willingness, adapt the expansion of quality supply to meet the consumption demands of different groups, and promote relatively rapid growth in commodity and service consumption across society.

深入实施提振消费专项行动，增强居民消费能力，改善消费意愿，适应不同群体消费需求扩大优质供给，促进全社会商品和服务消费较快增长。

Section 1: Consolidate Foundations for Residents’ Consumption

第一节 夯实居民消费基础

Coordinate the promotion of employment, income increase, and expectation stabilization, and accelerate the formation of long-term mechanisms for expanding residents’ consumption. Stabilize and expand employment capacity, support enterprises in retaining and expanding employment, support personal entrepreneurship and employment, actively foster new occupations and positions, and expand new employment spaces in digital economy, green economy, and silver economy. Vigorously promote income growth for urban and rural residents, steadily raise the minimum wage standard, continuously improve the operating environment for small and micro enterprises and individual business households, and promote healthy development of the real estate and stock markets. Weave and strengthen the social security safety net, encourage and support flexible employment personnel and workers in new employment forms to participate in employee insurance, regulate and improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of subsistence allowance standards linked to per capita consumption expenditure, and increase government funding for livelihood protection expenditures.

统筹促就业、增收入、稳预期，加快形成扩大居民消费长效机制。稳定和扩大就业容量，支持企业稳岗扩岗、个人创业就业，积极培育新职业新岗位，拓展数字经济、绿色经济、银发经济等就业新空间。大力促进城乡居民增收，稳步提高最低工资标准，持续改善小微企业和个体工商户经营环境，促进楼市股市健康发展。织密扎牢社会保障网，鼓励支持灵活就业人员、新就业形态人员参加职工保险，规范完善与人均消费支出挂钩的低保标准动态调整机制，增加政府资金用于民生保障支出。

Section 2: Release the Potential of Service Consumption

第二节 释放服务消费潜力

Take relaxation of market access and business form integration as key points to expand service consumption, and foster new growth points in service consumption. Improve the convenience of life service consumption, develop community-embedded services and 15-minute convenient living circles, advance the renewal of traditional business districts, and optimize the consumption experience in elderly care, child care, housekeeping and other service sectors. Increase the proportion of development-type consumption, adapt to diverse and personalized service demands, regulate and develop education and training consumption, foster and expand health consumption, and actively introduce high-quality international service resources. Stimulate the vitality of improvement-type consumption, expand cultural, sports, and tourism consumption, optimize the examination and approval of commercial performances and sporting events, implement a plan for ice and snow tourism enhancement, develop cruise, yacht, and recreational vehicle camping and other leisure consumption, and actively expand low-altitude consumption. Deepen the integration of commerce, tourism, culture, sports, and health, and create a batch of immersive and interactive new consumption scenarios.

以放宽准入、业态融合为重点扩大服务消费，培育服务消费新增长点。提升生活服务消费便利化水平，发展社区嵌入式服务和一刻钟便民生活圈，推进传统商圈焕新，优化养老、托育、家政等领域服务消费体验。提高发展型消费比重，适应多样化个性化服务需求，规范发展教育和培训消费，培育壮大健康消费，积极引进国际优质服务资源。激发改善型消费活力，扩大文体旅游消费，优化营业性演出、体育赛事审批管理，实施冰雪旅游提升计划，发展邮轮游艇、房车露营等休闲消费，积极拓展低空消费。深化商旅文体健融合，打造一批沉浸式互动式消费新场景。

Section 3: Drive Expansion and Upgrading of Commodity Consumption

第三节 推动商品消费扩容升级

Strengthen brand guidance, standard upgrading, and new technology application, stabilize major consumption, promote updating and renewal of consumer goods, and meet multi-level consumer goods demands. Adopt policies tailored to local conditions to optimize real estate policies, employ multiple measures to stabilize expectations, fully release the potential of rigid and improvement-type housing demand, and support the retrofitting of old houses for elderly-friendly use and intelligent upgrading. Deepen the transformation of automobile consumption from purchase management to use management, perfect infrastructure for charging, battery swapping, and parking, and expand post-market automobile consumption such as automobile modification and leasing. Support the construction of recycling systems for automobiles, electronic products, household appliances and furniture, and regulate the orderly circulation of second-hand goods. Implement a digital consumption enhancement initiative, promote the application of intelligent new products, formulate standards for smart home interconnection and interoperability, and promote flexible and customized consumer goods production modes. Develop green consumption, and actively promote green and low-carbon products. Foster new growth points in mid-to-high-end consumption, advance the refinement and strengthening of time-honored brands and domestic trendy brands, develop consumption of surrounding derivative products, and actively advance first-release economy.

强化品牌引领、标准升级、新技术应用，稳定大宗消费，促进消费品更新换代，满足多层次消费品需求。因城施策优化房地产政策，多管齐下稳定预期，充分释放刚性和改善性住房需求潜力，支持老旧房屋适老化改造和智能化升级。深化汽车消费从购买管理向使用管理转变，完善充换电、停车场等基础设施，拓展汽车改装、租赁等后市场消费。支持汽车、电子产品、家电家具等回收体系建设，规范二手商品流通秩序。实施数字消费提升行动，推动智能新产品应用，制定智能家居互联互通标准，推广柔性化定制化消费品生产模式。发展绿色消费，积极推广绿色低碳产品。培育中高端消费新增长点，推动老字号、国货潮牌做精做强，发展周边衍生品消费，积极推进首发经济。

Section 4: Continuously Improve the Consumption Environment

第四节 持续改善消费环境

Perfect systems and mechanisms for promoting consumption, eliminate unreasonable restrictive measures in the consumption sector, and establish and improve systems for managing new consumption business forms, models, and scenarios. Increase the force of direct, inclusive policies benefiting consumers, expand financial supply in the consumption sector, and create a batch of consumption new scenarios with broad coverage and high visibility. Optimize the inbound consumption environment, promote duty-free tax refund shops, foster international consumption center cities, and advance “Shopping in China.” Implement the system of paid vacation for employees, encourage flexible and staggered vacation time, and explore the implementation of spring and autumn vacations for primary and secondary school students. Strengthen consumer rights protection, open channels for consumer complaints and rights protection, regulate online sales and livestream delivery and other business activities, and perfect the supervisory model for prepaid consumption. Strengthen comprehensive consumption statistics, and optimize statistical monitoring of service consumption and new consumption business forms and models.

完善促进消费制度机制，清理消费领域不合理限制性措施，建立健全适应消费新业态新模式新场景管理机制。加大直达消费者的普惠政策力度，扩大消费领域金融供给，打造一批带动面广、显示度高的消费新场景。优化入境消费环境，推广离境退税商店，培育国际消费中心城市，推进“购在中国”。落实职工带薪休假制度，鼓励弹性错峰休假，探索推行中小学生春秋假。强化消费者权益保护，畅通消费者投诉和维权渠道，规范网络销售、直播带货等经营活动，健全预付式消费监管模式。加强全口径消费统计，优化服务消费、消费新业态新模式统计监测。

Chapter 16: Expand Effective Investment

第十六章 扩大有效投资

Accelerate the construction of endogenous growth mechanisms for effective investment, maintain reasonable growth of investment, improve comprehensive investment returns, and better leverage the role of investment in supporting national strategies, optimizing supply structure, and meeting livelihood demands.

加快构建有效投资内生增长机制，保持投资合理增长，提高投资综合效益，更好发挥投资对支撑国家战略、优化供给结构、满足民生需求的作用。

Section 1: Improve Government Investment Returns

第一节 提高政府投资效益

Focus on benefiting livelihood, filling shortcomings, and enhancing momentum, and optimize the structure of government investment. Coordinate “hard investment” and “soft construction,” advance high-quality implementation of national major strategic implementation and key-sector safety capacity project construction, and implement a batch of major landmark projects. Strengthen investment in human resource development and comprehensive human development, implement a batch of livelihood projects in “one elderly and one young” services, primary-level medical and health services, quality secondary and higher education expansion, vocational skills training and other sectors, and increase the proportion of livelihood-type government investment. Adapt to population structure changes and flow trends, and improve the layout of basic infrastructure and public service facilities. Adapt to the requirements of new-quality productive forces development, and actively support new-type infrastructure and intangible asset investment. Strengthen full-process management of government investment, strengthen strategic planning guidance, project planning, reserve, and demonstration, and in-process and post-process supervision, and avoid excessive advance construction and inefficient and ineffective investment. Further clarify the investment directions and priorities of the central government and local governments, and coordinate the beneficial use of various kinds of government investment, and explore the compilation of comprehensive government investment plans in places with a better work foundation. Optimize local government special bond management, improve the “self-examination and self-issuance” mechanism, increase the proportion used in project construction and list separately. Leverage the role of new-type policy-based financial instruments. Deepen investment examination and approval system reform, optimize the examination and approval authority for government investment projects, revise the government-approved investment project catalogue, and enhance investment examination and approval service effectiveness.

聚焦惠民生、补短板、增动能，优化政府投资结构。统筹“硬投资”和“软建设”，高质量推进国家重大战略实施和重点领域安全能力项目建设，实施一批重大标志性工程项目。加强人力资源开发和人的全面发展投资，在“一老一小”服务、基层医疗卫生、普通高中和优质高等教育扩容、职业技能培训等领域实施一批民生工程，提高民生类政府投资比重。适应人口结构变化和流动趋势，完善基础设施和公共服务设施布局。适应新质生产力发展要求，积极支持新型基础设施和无形资产投资。加强政府投资全过程管理，强化战略规划引领、项目谋划储备论证和事中事后监管，避免过度超前建设和低效无效投资。进一步明确中央和地方投资方向和重点，统筹用好各类政府投资，在工作基础较好的地方探索编制全口径政府投资计划。优化地方政府专项债券管理，完善“自审自发”机制，提高用于项目建设比重并单列。发挥新型政策性金融工具作用。深化投资审批制度改革，优化政府投资项目审批权限，修订政府核准投资项目目录，提升投资审批服务效能。

Section 2: Stimulate the Vitality of Private Investment

第二节 激发民间投资活力

Persist in equal treatment, protection of rights and interests, and policy coordination, and enhance effective investment growth driven by markets, and increase the proportion of private investment. Perfect long-term mechanisms for private enterprise participation in major project construction, encourage and support private enterprises to participate in project construction in railways, nuclear power, hydroelectric power, water supply and other sectors, and advance the improvement of private enterprise shareholding proportions in projects with available conditions. Encourage private enterprises to increase investment in scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading, and advance the opening of emerging sector application scenarios to private enterprises. Legally protect the lawful rights and interests of private enterprises’ investment and operations, and equally guarantee the needs for land use, financing and other factors. Leverage the guiding and driving role of government investment funds, strengthen planning layout and investment guidance evaluation, and improve the “investment, financing, management, and exit” mechanism.

坚持平等对待、保护权益、政策协同，增强市场主导的有效投资增长动力，提高民间投资比重。完善民营企业参与重大项目建设长效机制，鼓励支持民营企业参与铁路、核电、水电、供水等领域项目建设，推动具备条件的项目进一步提高民营企业持股比例。鼓励民营企业加大科技创新和产业升级投资力度，推动新兴领域应用场景向民营企业开放。依法保障民营企业投资运营合法权益，平等保障用地、融资等要素需求。发挥政府投资基金引导带动作用，加强布局规划和投向指导评价，健全“投融管退”机制。

Section 3: Promote Beneficial Circulation Between Investment and Consumption

第三节 促进投资消费良性循环

Focus on the linkage points between investment and consumption, use effective investment to drive the increase in consumption capacity and willingness, use consumption upgrading to guide optimization of investment direction, and strengthen the comprehensive effects of policies for expanding domestic demand. Support industries with strong employment growth and income-driving capacity to expand investment, encourage the construction of consumption infrastructure and facilities for consumption service function enhancement, and increase investment force in the building and facility upgrading of consumption scenarios in health and elderly care, physical fitness, and leisure and entertainment and other sectors. Promote the expansion of consumer functions in transportation hubs and industrial concentration areas according to local conditions. Advance quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of county-level commerce, and strengthen supplementation of shortcomings in logistics, warehousing, and rural express delivery facilities.

聚焦投资消费结合点，以有效投资带动消费能力和意愿提升，以消费升级牵引投资方向优化，强化扩内需政策综合效应。支持就业增收带动能力强的行业扩大投资，鼓励消费基础设施和消费服务功能提升类设施建设，加大对健康养老、体育健身、休闲娱乐等领域消费场景建设和设施提档升级的投资力度。因地制宜推动交通枢纽、产业集聚区等拓展消费功能。推动县域商业提质增效，加强物流仓储、农村寄递等设施补短板。

Chapter 17: Deepen Comprehensive Promotion of Nationwide Unified Market Construction

第十七章 纵深推进全国统一大市场建设

Decisively eliminate blockages and barriers to nationwide unified market construction, eliminate local protectionism and market segmentation, and promote orderly flow of commodities, factors, and resources in a larger scope.

坚决破除阻碍全国统一大市场建设卡点堵点，破除地方保护和市场分割，促进商品要素资源在更大范围内顺畅流动。

Section 1: Improve Basic Systems and Rules for Nationwide Unified Market

第一节 完善全国统一大市场基础制度规则

Advance the construction of systems and rules adapted to the requirements of nationwide unified market, including property rights protection, market access, information disclosure, social credit, merger and acquisition, and market exit. Legally, equally, and perpetually protect the property rights of various forms of economic ownership, and impose the same responsibility, guilt, and punishment for infringements of various forms of economic ownership property and lawful interests. Strengthen the protection and utilization of intellectual property rights, and formulate guidelines for the protection of commercial secrets in key sectors. Perfect the market access system, dynamically revise the negative list for market access, and strictly implement the “nationwide one list” management requirement. Perfect the information disclosure systems and rules for enterprise quality, safety, and environment. Strengthen the function of the nationwide credit information sharing platform, deeply advance credit information aggregation, sharing, and credit application expansion, and improve mechanisms for incentivizing trust, penalizing untrust, and credit repair. Improve enterprise bankruptcy systems, and explore the establishment of simplified exit mechanisms covering all business entities. Perfect systems and procedures conducive to unified market construction, including statistics, fiscal and tax, and evaluation, and promote the statistics of business entity activity occurrence places, and optimize the interest sharing between enterprise headquarters and branches, production places and consumption places. Formulate regulations on nationwide unified market construction.

推进适应全国统一大市场要求的产权保护、市场准入、信息披露、社会信用、兼并重组、市场退出等制度建设。依法平等长久保护各种所有制经济产权，对侵犯各种所有制经济产权和合法利益的行为实行同责同罪同罚。加强知识产权保护和运用，制定重点领域商业秘密保护规则指引。完善市场准入制度，动态修订市场准入负面清单，严格落实“全国一张清单”管理要求。完善企业质量、安全、环境等信息披露制度规则。强化全国信用信息共享平台功能，深入推进信用信息归集共享和信用应用拓展，完善守信激励、失信惩戒和信用修复机制。健全企业破产制度，探索建立覆盖所有经营主体的简易退出机制。完善有利于统一大市场建设的统计、财税、考核制度，推广经营主体活动发生地统计，优化企业总部和分支机构、生产地和消费地利益分享。制定全国统一大市场建设条例。

Section 2: Maintain Fair Competition Market Order

第二节 维护公平竞争市场秩序

Advance the perfection, unification of baselines, and capability enhancement of market regulation rules, and form a market order characterized by good quality and good price, and beneficial competition. Formulate fair competition compliance guides in key sectors, strengthen the mandatory constraints of fair competition examinations, and eliminate barriers in element access, qualifications recognition, bidding and procurement, and government procurement and other aspects. Regulate economic promotion behavior of local governments, formulate clearance and prohibition item lists for local government business attraction, and strengthen information disclosure in business attraction. Perfect the dynamic updating and notification and accountability system for items impeding nationwide unified market construction. Strengthen antimonopoly and anti-unfair competition law enforcement and justice, and formulate antimonopoly guides and guidelines in key sectors. Perfect a coordinated and unified national standard system, expand the coverage of mandatory national standards, advance standard construction in emerging industries, and enhance the internationalization level of standards. Advance sharing of inspection, testing, and certification resources, mutual recognition of qualifications, and general use of results. Unify market regulation law enforcement, perfect the baseline system for administrative discretion, and advance dual connection of administrative and criminal penalties. Improve comprehensive law enforcement systems and mechanisms, optimize the tiered setting of regulatory matters, and enhance basic-level law enforcement effectiveness.

推动市场监管规则完善、基准统一、能力提升，形成优质优价、良性竞争的市场秩序。制定重点领域公平竞争合规指引，强化公平竞争审查刚性约束，消除要素获取、资质认定、招标投标、政府采购等方面壁垒。规范地方政府经济促进行为，制定地方政府招商引资鼓励和禁止事项清单，加强招商引资信息披露。完善妨碍建设全国统一大市场事项清单动态更新和通报问责制度。强化反垄断和反不正当竞争执法司法，制定重点领域反垄断指南指引。完善协调统一的国家标准体系，扩大强制性国家标准覆盖面，推进新兴产业标准建设，提升标准国际化水平。推进检验检测认证资源共享、资质互认和结果通用。统一市场监管执法，完善行政裁量权基准制度，推进行政处罚和刑事处罚双向衔接。健全综合执法体制机制，优化监管事项层级设置，提高基层执法效能。

Section 3: Promote High-Standard Interconnection of Market Facilities

第三节 促进市场设施高标准联通

Advance the interconnection and rule coordination of circulation logistics, market information, transaction platforms and other facilities. Improve the efficient and smooth modern circulation system, perfect the national logistics hub network, construct several important commodity backbone circulation corridors relying on modern circulation strategic support cities, support regions with available conditions to construct major commodity resource allocation hubs, improve integrated circulation rules and standards, and reduce nationwide logistics costs. Strengthen multi-mode transport facility and standard construction and information sharing, vigorously promote the development of “single documentation system” and “single container system,” and promote the combined railway and water transport of containers and bulk commodities. Perfect market information interchange channels, and advance the construction of full-chain information trust and application mechanisms. Establish and improve the unified and standard public resource trading platform systems with information sharing for bidding and public procurement of government, public institutions, and state-owned enterprises, advance artificial intelligence application and big data supervision, and achieve full-process open management of projects.

推进流通物流、市场信息、交易平台等设施互联互通和规则衔接。健全高效顺畅的现代流通体系，完善国家物流枢纽网络，依托现代流通战略支点城市构建若干重要商品骨干流通走廊，支持有条件的地区建设大宗商品资源配置枢纽，健全一体衔接的流通规则和标准，降低全社会物流成本。加强多式联运设施、标准建设和信息共享，大力推进“一单制”、“一箱制”发展，促进集装箱和大宗物资铁水联运。完善市场信息交互渠道，推动构建全链条信息信任和应用机制。建立健全统一规范、信息共享的招标投标和政府、事业单位、国有企业采购等公共资源交易平台体系，推进人工智能应用和大数据监管，实现项目全流程公开管理。

Part 6: Accelerate the Construction of a High-Level Socialist Market Economy System and Strengthen the Impetus for High-Quality Development

第六篇 加快构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制 增强高质量发展动力

Persist in upholding and improving the basic socialist economic system, better leverage the driving role of economic system reform, build a high-standard market system, enhance macroeconomic governance effectiveness, promote the optimization and maximization of resource allocation efficiency and returns, stimulate the endogenous drive and innovative vitality of the entire society, and ensure that high-quality development proceeds steadily and travels far.

坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，更好发挥经济体制改革牵引作用，建设高标准市场体系，提升宏观经济治理效能，促进资源配置效率最优化和效益最大化，激发全社会内生动力和创新活力，确保高质量发展行稳致远。

Chapter 18: Fully Unleash the Vitality of Various Business Entities

第十八章 充分激发各类经营主体活力

Persist in and implement the “two unwavering” commitment, and promote complementary advantages and common development among various forms of economic ownership.

坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”，促进各种所有制经济优势互补、共同发展。

Section 1: Deepen State-Owned Assets and Enterprises Reform

第一节 深化国资国企改革

Strengthen, optimize, and enlarge state-owned enterprises and state-owned capital, enhance the core functions of state-owned enterprises, and elevate core competitiveness. Formulate and implement the state-owned economy layout optimization and structural adjustment directive catalogue, advance the concentration of state-owned capital toward important industries and key sectors related to national security and the lifeblood of the national economy, toward public services, emergency capacity, and welfare-related sectors related to national welfare, toward forward-looking, strategic emerging industries, strengthen strategic consolidation and specialized integration. Deepen the classified reform of state-owned enterprises, further clarify the functional positioning of different types of state-owned enterprises, strengthen management of main responsibilities and main businesses, establish a system for evaluating the fulfillment of strategic missions by state-owned enterprises, and construct a classified evaluation governance system. Advance the perfection of market-oriented operation mechanisms for state-owned enterprises, and enhance value creation capacity. Improve systems and arrangements for promoting original innovation in state-owned enterprises. Perfect the state-owned asset supervision system, and better leverage the role of state-owned capital investment and operational companies. Improve the accounting system for incremental value of state-owned economy and state-owned enterprises. Support state-owned enterprises and private enterprises in conducting standardized stock cooperation, strategic cooperation, and resource integration through market-based means.

做强做优做大国有企业和国有资本，增强国有企业核心功能、提升核心竞争力。制定实施国有经济布局优化和结构调整指引目录，推动国有资本向关系国家安全、国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域集中，向关系国计民生的公共服务、应急能力、公益性领域等集中，向前瞻性战略性新兴产业集中，加强战略性重组和专业化整合。深化国有企业分类改革，进一步明晰不同类型国有企业功能定位，加强主责主业管理，建立国有企业履行战略使命评价制度，构建分类考核的治理体制。推动国有企业完善市场化经营机制，提升价值创造能力。健全国有企业推进原始创新制度安排。完善国资监管体制，更好发挥国有资本投资、运营公司作用。健全国有经济和国有企业增加值核算制度。支持国有企业和民营企业以市场化方式规范开展股权合作、战略协作、资源整合。

Section 2: Develop and Expand Private Economy

第二节 发展壮大民营经济

Implement the law on promotion of private economy, perfect the supporting legal, regulatory, and policy systems, and from legal and institutional perspectives ensure equal utilization of factors of production, fair participation in market competition, and effective protection of lawful rights and interests. Continuously advance fair opening of competitive sectors of basic infrastructure toward private enterprises. Support capable private enterprises in leading the undertaking of major state technological innovation tasks, and advance further opening of national major scientific research basic facilities and public research and development platforms to private enterprises. Perfect policies for supporting private enterprise financing, leverage the role of the nationwide integrated financing credit service platform network, and improve comprehensive evaluation systems and credit enhancement systems for credit status. Support the development of small and medium enterprises and individual business households, and advance coordinated development among large, medium, and small enterprises. Innovate the development of the “Jinjiang experience,” improve the comprehensive service system for private economy development, and perfect mechanisms for regular communication and problem resolution between government and enterprises. Guide private enterprises in improving governance structures and management systems, and promote healthy development of private economy and healthy growth of persons involved in private economy. Improve statistical monitoring systems for private economy.

落实民营经济促进法，完善配套法规政策制度体系，从法律和制度上保障平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、有效保护合法权益。持续推进基础设施竞争性领域向民营企业公平开放。支持有能力的民营企业牵头承担国家重大技术攻关任务，推进国家重大科研基础设施和公共研发平台进一步向民营企业开放。完善民营企业融资支持政策，发挥全国一体化融资信用服务平台网络作用，健全信用状况综合评价体系和增信制度。支持中小企业和个体工商户发展，推动大中小企业协同融通发展。创新发展“晋江经验”，健全民营经济发展综合服务体系，完善政企常态化沟通交流和问题解决机制。引导民营企业完善治理结构和管理制度，促进民营经济健康发展和民营经济人士健康成长。健全民营经济统计监测制度。

Section 3: Actively Create a First-Class Business Environment

第三节 积极营造一流营商环境

Continuously advance the improvement and elevation of the business environment, and create a market-oriented, law-governed, and internationalized first-class business environment. Perfect the system for serving enterprises, improve the management and regular promotion mechanisms for the clearance list of key matters that are “efficiently handled as one matter,” implement full online processing and direct quick enjoyment of enterprise-beneficial policies, and promote the use of credit commitment system. Deepen the reform of the registered capital contribution registration system, continuously streamline enterprise-related business license matters. Improve long-term mechanisms for preventing and correcting unauthorized inter-area law enforcement and profit-seeking law enforcement involving enterprises, and advance joint law enforcement approaches such as “comprehensive checks in one visit.” Strengthen property rights enforcement and justice protection, and strengthen judicial supervision of enforcement measures such as sealing, seizure, and freezing. Establish and improve long-term mechanisms for clearing arrears owed to enterprises, and open channels for complaints about government default and bad faith. Perfect the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics, carry forward the entrepreneurial spirit, and accelerate the building of more world-class enterprises.

持续推进营商环境改进提升，打造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境。完善为企服务体系，健全“高效办成一件事”重点事项清单管理和常态化推进机制，推行惠企政策全程网办、直达快享，推广信用承诺制。深化注册资本认缴登记制度改革，持续精简涉企经营许可事项。健全规范涉企执法长效机制，防止和纠正违规异地执法、趋利性执法，推进“综合查一次”等联合执法方式。强化产权执法司法保护，加强对查封、扣押、冻结等强制措施的司法监督。建立健全清理拖欠企业账款长效机制，畅通政府违约失信投诉渠道。完善中国特色现代企业制度，弘扬企业家精神，加快建设更多世界一流企业。

Chapter 19: Accelerate Improvement of Systems and Mechanisms for Factors Market-Oriented Allocation

第十九章 加快完善要素市场化配置体制机制

Deepen factors market-oriented reform, open orderly flow channels for factors, coordinate increase optimization and existing stock revitalization, and promote efficient allocation of various factors and resources.

深化要素市场化改革，畅通要素有序流动渠道，统筹增量优化和存量盘活，促进各类要素资源高效配置。

Section 1: Improve Factors Market Systems and Rules

第一节 健全要素市场制度和规则

Improve the factors market system, and expand the scope of factors market-oriented allocation. Deepen land system reform, and establish and improve a unified urban-rural construction land market. Improve the functions of the capital market coordinated with investment and financing, optimize fundamental systems for issuance and listing, information disclosure, merger and acquisition, delisting and other matters, improve the quality of listed companies, and establish long-term mechanisms for enhancing inherent stability. Open channels for socially mobile labor and talent flow, and gradually break through institutional barriers in household registration, social security, professional titles, and personnel files. Foster an integrated national technology market and data market. Deepen and expand the comprehensive reform pilot for factors market-oriented allocation, and accelerate the formation of a batch of replicable and scalable institutional results.

完善要素市场体系，扩大要素市场化配置范围。深化土地制度改革，建立健全城乡统一的建设用地市场。健全投资和融资相协调的资本市场功能，优化发行上市、信息披露、并购重组、退市等基础制度，提高上市公司质量，建立增强内在稳定性长效机制。畅通劳动力和人才社会性流动渠道，逐步打破户籍、社保、职称、档案等方面制度性障碍。培育全国一体化技术市场和数据市场。深化拓展要素市场化配置综合改革试点，加快形成一批可复制可推广的制度成果。

Section 2: Improve Resource Elements Price Formation Mechanisms

第二节 完善资源要素价格形成机制

Perfect the mechanism for prices determined primarily by market supply and demand relationships, and strengthen and improve price governance. Accelerate the establishment of sound price mechanisms adapted to the new energy system, promote market-oriented reform of electricity generation grid-connected prices for various types of power sources in a differentiated and paced manner, improve the pricing mechanism for finished oil products, deepen natural gas price reform, perfect the coal price interval regulation policy, and strengthen price supervision of network-type natural monopoly links. Deepen water conservancy project water supply price reform. Improve public utility price mechanisms conducive to sustainable development, and optimize residential tiered water, electricity, and gas pricing systems. Deepen public service price reform, and improve service charging policies such as for elderly care. Explore the construction of price formation mechanisms for new factors of production.

完善主要由市场供求关系决定价格机制，加强和改进价格治理。加快健全适应新型能源体系的价格机制，分品种、有节奏推进各类电源上网电价市场化改革，完善成品油定价机制，深化天然气价格改革，完善煤炭价格区间调控政策，加强网络型自然垄断环节价格监管。深化水利工程供水价格改革。健全促进可持续发展的公用事业价格机制，优化居民阶梯水价、电价、气价制度。深化公共服务价格改革，完善养老等服务收费政策。探索构建新型生产要素价格形成机制。

Section 3: Revitalize and Utilize Existing Resources

第三节 盘活利用存量资源

Perfect policies for merger and acquisition, bankruptcy, and substitution, and revitalize and better utilize low-efficiency land, idle real estate, and existing basic infrastructure. Compile macroeconomic balance sheets, comprehensively clarify the inventory of existing resources and assets, and optimize balance sheet structure. Deepen and expand the pilot for low-efficiency land re-development, perfect regulatory control, land supply, and tax and fee policies that promote the revitalization of existing land use, and accelerate the development of the secondary market for construction land use rights. Advance mixed development of land, space complex utilization, and legally reasonable conversion of land use purposes, improve legal and regulatory frameworks for the renewal of commercial and industrial land use rights, and legally and steadily advance renewal work. Advance the revitalization and sharing of existing state-owned assets of administrative and public institutions nationwide, improve mechanisms for inventory revitalization and high-quality development of industrial parks, improve complementary policies such as asset valuation, introduce social forces to enhance the efficiency of revitalization and utilization, and standardize market-based operation procedures. Advance organic connection of judicial judgment execution and bankruptcy systems, and legally and effectively revitalize sealed and frozen assets. Actively advance the normalized issuance of basic infrastructure non-current asset investment trust funds (REITs).

完善并购、破产、置换等政策，盘活用好低效用地、闲置房产、存量基础设施。编制宏观资产负债表，全面摸清存量资源资产底数，优化资产负债结构。深化扩大低效用地再开发试点，完善促进盘活存量用地的规划管控、土地供应和税费政策，加快发展建设用地二级市场。推进土地混合开发、空间复合利用和土地用途依法合理转换，完善工商业用地使用权续期法律法规，依法稳妥推进续期工作。推进全国行政事业单位存量国有资产盘活共享，健全产业园区存量盘活和高质量发展机制，完善资产估值等配套政策，引入社会力量提升盘活利用效率，规范市场化运作流程。推动司法判决执行与破产制度有机衔接，依法有效盘活被查封冻结财产。积极推动基础设施领域不动产投资信托基金（REITs）常态化推荐发行。

Chapter 20: Improve Macroeconomic Governance Systems

第二十章 健全宏观经济治理体系

Improve the level of macroeconomic regulation and government governance, and promote the formation of economic development models more driven by domestic demand, pulled by consumption, and generated endogenously.

提高宏观调控和政府治理水平，促进形成更多由内需主导、消费拉动、内生增长的经济发展模式。

Section 1: Improve Macroeconomic Regulation Systems

第一节 完善宏调控制度体系

Strengthen the strategic guiding role of national development planning, strengthen the coordination of fiscal and monetary policies, and give full play to the role of industry, price, employment, consumption, investment, trade, region, environment, and regulatory policies, and enhance the consistency and effectiveness of macroeconomic policy orientation. Strengthen counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustment, implement more proactive macroeconomic policies, rationally determine the scale of government debt, maintain ample liquidity, and continuously stabilize growth, stabilize employment, and stabilize expectations. Perfect the macroeconomic regulation target system, coordinate short-term and medium to long-term targets, overall balance and structural adjustment, and strengthen the connection between annual plans and national development planning. Improve the expectation management mechanism, and incorporate expectation management into the entire process of macroeconomic governance. Strengthen economic monitoring, forecasting, and early warning, enrich and improve the policy tool kit, scientifically grasp the intensity and timing of policy introduction, and strengthen the evaluation of policy implementation results. Explore the implementation of national macroeconomic balance sheet management. Optimize comprehensive performance evaluation for high-quality development.

强化国家发展规划战略导向作用，加强财政、货币政策协同，发挥好产业、价格、就业、消费、投资、贸易、区域、环保、监管等政策作用，增强宏观政策取向一致性和有效性。强化逆周期和跨周期调节，实施更加积极的宏观政策，合理确定政府债务规模，保持流动性充裕，持续稳增长、稳就业、稳预期。完善宏观调控目标体系，统筹短期目标和中长期目标、总量平衡和结构调整，强化年度计划与国家发展规划衔接。健全预期管理机制，将预期管理纳入宏观经济治理全过程。加强经济监测预测预警，充实完善政策工具箱，科学把握政策力度和出台时机，强化政策实施效果评价。探索实行国家宏观资产负债表管理。优化高质量发展综合绩效考核。

Section 2: Improve the Modern Fiscal System

第二节 健全现代财政制度

Deepen fiscal and tax system reform, give full play to the role of proactive fiscal policy, strengthen scientific fiscal management, and enhance fiscal sustainability. Strengthen macroeconomic guidance for budget formulation and fiscal policy, leverage the role of medium-term fiscal planning in cross-year budget balance, and strengthen financial guarantees for national major strategic tasks and basic livelihood. Strengthen the coordination of fiscal resources and budgets, increase the coordinating effort of government fund budgets, state-owned capital operating budgets with general public budgets, improve the state-owned capital operating budget system, rationally increase the ratio of state-owned capital income collection, and incorporate income obtained by relying on administrative authority, government credit, and state-owned resources and assets into government budget management in full scope. Optimize the structure of fiscal expenditures, and rationally increase the proportion of public service expenditures in fiscal expenditures. Deepen zero-base budgeting reform, unify budget allocation authority, improve the expenditure standard system and dynamic adjustment mechanisms, and strengthen budget performance management and execution supervision. Optimize tax structure, and improve tax systems beneficial to high-quality development, social fairness, and market unification, and maintain a reasonable level of macroeconomic tax burden. Increase the proportion of direct taxes, improve the combination of comprehensive and categorical personal income tax systems, and gradually expand the scope of comprehensive taxation, and improve tax policies for business income, capital gains, and property income. Improve value-added tax credit carry-forward refund policies and deduction chains, and optimize shared tax distribution ratios. Research tax systems adapted to new business forms. Improve the local tax system, and advance the postponement of consumption tax collection phases and the steady down-line to local areas, and increase local autonomous financial resources. Appropriately strengthen central government authority and increase the central government finance expenditure proportion, and reduce commissioned delegation of central government financial authority to local governments. Improve the fiscal transfer payment system, and optimize the structure of fiscal transfer payments. Fully implement the principle of tax legislation, regulate tax incentive policies, and strengthen financial and accounting supervision. Accelerate the establishment of long-term mechanisms for government debt management well-adapted to high-quality development.

深化财税体制改革，发挥积极财政政策作用，加强财政科学管理，增强财政可持续性。强化对预算编制和财政政策的宏观指导，发挥中期财政规划跨年度预算平衡作用，强化国家重大战略任务和基本民生财力保障。加强财政资源和预算统筹，加大政府性基金预算、国有资本经营预算与一般公共预算统筹力度，完善国有资本经营预算制度，合理提高国有资本收益收取比例，把依托行政权力、政府信用、国有资源资产获取的收入全部纳入政府预算管理。优化财政支出结构，合理提高公共服务支出占财政支出比重。深化零基预算改革，统一预算分配权，健全支出标准体系和动态调整机制，加强预算绩效管理和执行监督。优化税制结构，健全有利于高质量发展、社会公平、市场统一的税收制度，保持合理的宏观税负水平。提高直接税比重，完善综合和分类相结合的个人所得税制度，逐步扩大综合征收范围，健全经营所得、资本所得、财产所得税收政策。完善增值税留抵退税政策和抵扣链条，优化共享税分享比例。研究同新业态相适应的税收制度。健全地方税体系，推进消费税征收环节后移并稳步下划地方，增加地方自主财力。适当加强中央事权、提高中央财政支出比重，减少委托地方代行的中央财政事权。完善财政转移支付体系，优化财政转移支付结构。全面落实税收法定原则，规范税收优惠政策，加强财会监督。加快构建同高质量发展相适应的政府债务管理长效机制。

Section 3: Accelerate Building a Financial Powerhouse

第三节 加快建设金融强国

Persist in preventing risks, strengthening supervision, and promoting high-quality development, and accelerate the construction of the Chinese-characteristic modern financial system. Improve the central bank system, construct a scientifically sound monetary policy system, improve the basic currency issuance mechanism, improve the market-oriented interest rate formation, regulation, and transmission mechanisms, and maintain the growth in social financing scale and money supply consistent with economic growth and price level expectations targets. Establish comprehensive macroprudential management systems, and incorporate more financial activities and financial markets into the macroprudential policy framework. Enhance the flexibility of the renminbi exchange rate, and maintain basic stability at a reasonable equilibrium level. Enhance the quality and effectiveness of financial services to the real economy, vigorously develop scientific and technological finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance, and strengthen quality financial services for major strategies, key sectors, and weak links. Improve the system of structural monetary policy tools. Continuously deepen comprehensive reform of capital market investment and financing, enhance the inclusiveness and adaptability of capital market systems, and increase the proportion of direct financing. Develop diverse equity financing, accelerate the construction of multi-level bond markets, steadily develop futures, derivatives, and asset securitization, and strengthen transaction supervision and investor protection. Expand patient capital, and improve policy systems for supporting medium to long-term funds entry into the market. Optimize the financial institution system, advance various financial institutions in focusing on main business, improving governance, and differentiated development, support state-owned large financial institutions in enhancing comprehensive service standards, strictly enforce access standards and supervision requirements for small and medium financial institutions, and foster first-class investment banks and investment institutions. Construct safe and efficient financial infrastructure. Steadily develop digital currency. Accelerate the construction of Shanghai international financial center. Comprehensively strengthen financial supervision, and construct systems for preventing and resolving risks, and guarantee steady financial operation.

坚持防风险、强监管、促高质量发展，加快建设中国特色现代金融体系。完善中央银行制度，构建科学稳健的货币政策体系，完善基础货币投放机制，健全市场化利率形成、调控和传导机制，保持社会融资规模、货币供应量增长同经济增长、价格总水平预期目标相匹配。建立覆盖全面的宏观审慎管理体系，将更多金融活动、金融市场等纳入宏观审慎政策框架。增强人民币汇率弹性，保持在合理均衡水平上基本稳定。提升金融服务实体经济质效，大力发展科技金融、绿色金融、普惠金融、养老金融、数字金融，加强对重大战略、重点领域和薄弱环节的优质金融服务。完善结构性货币政策工具体系。持续深化资本市场投融资综合改革，增强资本市场制度包容性、适应性，提高直接融资比重。发展多元股权融资，加快多层次债券市场建设，稳步发展期货、衍生品和资产证券化，加强交易监管和投资者保护。壮大耐心资本，完善支持中长期资金入市政策体系。优化金融机构体系，推动各类金融机构专注主业、完善治理、错位发展，支持国有大型金融机构提升综合服务水平，严格中小金融机构准入标准和监管要求，培育一流投资银行和投资机构。建设安全高效的金融基础设施。稳步发展数字人民币。加快建设上海国际金融中心。全面加强金融监管，构建风险防范化解体系，保障金融稳健运行。

Part 7: Expand High-Level Opening-Up and Open a New Situation of Win-Win Cooperation

第七篇 扩大高水平对外开放 开创合作共赢新局面

Adhere to openness and cooperation, mutual benefit and win-win outcomes, steadily expand institutional opening-up, establish a new system of higher-level open economy, promote high-quality development of jointly building the “Belt and Road Initiative,” expand international circulation, promote reform and development through opening-up, and advocate for an equal and orderly multipolar world and inclusive economic globalization, sharing opportunities and common development with countries around the world.

坚持开放合作、互利共赢，稳步扩大制度型开放，建设更高水平开放型经济新体制，推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展，拓展国际循环，以开放促改革促发展，倡导平等有序的世界多极化、普惠包容的经济全球化，与世界各国共享机遇、共同发展。

Chapter 21: Actively Expand Autonomous Opening-Up

第二十一章 积极扩大自主开放

Expand opening-up in response to international high-standard trade and economic rules, promote mutual compatibility and integration between domestic and international rules, regulations, management, and standards, and create a transparent, stable, and predictable institutional environment.

对接国际高标准经贸规则扩大开放，促进国内国际规则、规制、管理、标准相通相容，营造透明稳定可预期的制度环境。

Section 1: Orderly Expand Opening-Up Fields and Regions

第一节 有序扩大开放领域和区域

Prioritize service industries to expand market access and opening-up fields, implement opening-up on a larger scale, wider scope, and deeper level. Promote orderly expansion of opening-up in telecommunications, internet, education, culture, healthcare, and other sectors, steadily implement opening-up pilots in value-added telecommunications, biotechnology, foreign-invested hospitals, and other areas, and advance comprehensive opening-up pilots and demonstrations for service industry expansion. Reduce the negative list for foreign investment market access, strengthen the linkage between negative list revision and opening-up pilots. Cautiously expand financial market interconnection and interoperability, optimize the qualified foreign investor system, expand the range of investable products, orderly promote cross-border direct two-way financing for qualified enterprises, and support equity investment funds’ cross-border investment. Advance efficient, convenient, and secure cross-border data flow. Optimize visa and residence permit policies, enhance digital service convenience for foreign personnel entry. Promote renminbi internationalization, expand the use of renminbi in international trade and financing, elevate the level of capital account opening-up, establish an independent and controllable cross-border renminbi payment system, and develop the offshore renminbi market. First implement high-standard trade and economic agreement opening-up measures in relevant fields, and expand unilateral opening-up fields and regions to least developed countries and trade partners with great potential for cooperation.

以服务业为重点扩大市场准入和开放领域，实施更大范围、更宽领域、更深层次开放。推动电信、互联网、教育、文化、医疗等领域有序扩大开放，稳妥实施增值电信、生物技术、外商独资医院等开放试点，推进服务业扩大开放综合试点示范。缩减外资准入负面清单，加强负面清单修订与开放试点联动。稳慎拓展金融市场互联互通，优化合格境外投资者制度，扩大可投资品种范围，有序推进符合条件的企业跨境双向直接融资，支持股权投资基金跨境投资。推进数据高效便利安全跨境流动。优化签证和停居留政策，提升境外人员入境数字化服务便利性。推进人民币国际化，拓展人民币在国际贸易和投融资中的使用，提升资本项目开放水平，建设自主可控的人民币跨境支付体系，发展人民币离岸市场。在有条件的领域率先实施高标准经贸协定开放举措，对最不发达国家和合作潜力大的经贸伙伴，扩大单边开放领域和区域。

Section 2: Establish Institutional and Regulatory Systems Compatible with High-Standard Trade and Economic Rules

第二节 构建与高标准经贸规则相衔接的制度和监管体系

Promote efficient coordination between high-level opening-up and deep-level reform, accelerate legislation, amendment, and policy adjustment and standard revision in key fields. Perfect the intellectual property protection mechanism compatible with international rules, explore expanding trademark protection scope, optimize copyright protection mechanisms, and expand channels for resolving intellectual property disputes. Promote international mutual recognition of rules and standards for energy efficiency, water efficiency, and carbon footprint of key products, advance legally mandated and voluntary disclosure of enterprise climate information and environmental information. Explore perfecting labor protection mechanisms suitable to China’s national conditions and in accordance with international practices. Accelerate government procurement system reform, comprehensively implement the principle of fair competition. Be the first to pilot World Trade Organization e-commerce agreements and investment facilitation agreements, improve cross-border payment settlement efficiency and standardization levels of documentation electronification.

推进高水平开放和深层次改革高效联动，加快推动重点领域立法修法、政策调整和标准修订。健全与国际规则相衔接的知识产权保护机制，探索扩大商标保护范围，优化版权保护机制，拓展知识产权纠纷解决渠道。推动重点产品能效、水效、碳足迹等规则标准国际互认，推进企业气候信息、环境信息依法披露与自愿披露。探索完善适合我国国情、符合国际惯例的劳动保护机制。加快政府采购制度改革，全面落实公平竞争原则。率先试行世界贸易组织电子商务协定、投资便利化协定，提高跨境支付结算效率和单证电子化标准化水平。

Section 3: Optimize Regional Opening-Up Layout

第三节 优化区域开放布局

Build diverse forms of opening-up highlands, accelerate the formation of a comprehensive opening-up pattern featuring interconnection of land and sea, internal and external, and mutual promotion between east and west. Establish Hainan Free Trade Port to high standards, implement full-island sealed-off operation at a high level, continue to elevate the level of opening-up in key areas such as trade investment and element flow, and gradually establish a policy and institutional system compatible with a high-level free trade port. Implement the free trade experimental zone enhancement strategy, carry out more robust institutional opening-up experiments, enhance innovation-led development capacity. Coordinate the layout and construction of major open cooperation platforms in technology innovation, service trade, and industrial development, support optimization and integration of platforms with similar functions and adjacent locations, promote institutional innovation and operational model innovation for national new development zones and development zones, promote the transformation and upgrading of comprehensive bonded zones, and advance the construction of border and (transnational) areas, regional economic cooperation zones, and other facilities.

打造形态多样的开放高地，加快形成陆海内外联动、东西双向互济的全面开放格局。高标准建设海南自由贸易港，高水平实施全岛封关运作，持续提升贸易投资和要素流动等重点领域开放水平，逐步构建与高水平自由贸易港相适应的政策制度体系。实施自由贸易试验区提升战略，开展更大力度制度型开放试验，提升创新引领发展能级。统筹布局建设科技创新、服务贸易、产业发展等重大开放合作平台，支持功能相近、区位相邻的平台优化整合，推动国家级新区、开发区管理制度和运营模式创新，促进综合保税区转型升级，推进沿边重点开发开放试验区、产业协作园区和边（跨）境经济合作区等建设。

Special Column 11: Enhancement of Functions in Opening-Up Platforms

专栏11 对外开放平台功能提升

01 Hainan Free Trade Port

01 海南自由贸易港

Implement more open policies for personnel, transportation, finance, data and other areas, deepen reforms in key fields such as tax systems and administrative structures. Build a world-class commercial aerospace launch site, improve the level of opening-up in the international healthcare tourism pilot zone and international education innovation pilot zone.

实施更加开放的人员、运输、金融、数据等政策，深化税收制度、行政体制等重点领域改革。建设世界一流商业航天发射场，提高国际医疗旅游先行区和国际教育创新试验区开放水平。

02 Free Trade Experimental Zones

02 自由贸易试验区

Optimize the layout and scope of free trade experimental zones, assign new pilot reform tasks based on actual conditions, deepen differentiated exploration, and promote replication and generalization of reform achievements. Encourage eligible free trade experimental zones to conduct more pioneering and experimental initiatives in digital economy, scientific and technological innovation, offshore trade, and other fields.

优化自由贸易试验区布局范围，结合实际赋予新的改革试点任务，深化差别化探索，推动改革成果复制推广。推动有条件的自由贸易试验区围绕数字经济、科技创新、离岸贸易等领域开展更多首创首试。

03 Border Cooperation Platforms

03 边境合作平台

Build high-standard industry cooperation zones in Qinzhou and Fangcheng, Guangxi; Ruili, Yunnan; Yili, Xinjiang; Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia; and Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang. Establish key development and opening-up experimental zones in Heihe, Gyirong, Dandong, Kashgar, and Alashankou.

高标准建设广西钦防、云南瑞丽、新疆伊犁、内蒙古满洲里、黑龙江牡丹江产业协作园区。设立黑河、吉隆、丹东、喀什、阿拉山口重点开发开放试验区。

04 Border Ports

04 边境口岸

Complete the Heixiazi Island and Shuangmufeng highway ports and the Ganqimaodu railway port. Upgrade and reconstruct the Jian’an, Manzhouli, Erlianhot, Mohan, Hekou, and Mengding Qingshuihe highway ports and the Suifenhe railway port.

建成黑瞎子岛、双目峰公路口岸和甘其毛都铁路口岸。升级改造集安、满洲里、二连浩特、磨憨、河口、孟定清水河公路口岸和绥芬河铁路口岸。

05 China-Europe (Asia) Railway Express Consolidation Centers

05 中欧（亚）班列集结中心

Support the construction of 14 China-Europe (Asia) Railway Express consolidation centers and hub cities: Shenyang, Tianjin-Shijiazhuang, Jinan-Qingdao, Lianyungang-Xuzhou, Jinhua (Yiwu), Hefei, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Guangzhou, Chengdu-Chongqing, Kunming, Xi’an, and Urumqi.

支持沈阳、天津—石家庄、济南—青岛、连云港—徐州、金华（义乌）、合肥、郑州、武汉、长沙、广州、成都—重庆、昆明、西安、乌鲁木齐等 14 个中欧（亚）班列集结中心及节点城市建设。

Chapter 22: Enhance the Quality and Level of Trade and Investment Cooperation

第二十二章 提升贸易投资合作质量和水平

Strengthen coordination between imports and exports, give equal importance to goods and services, coordinate the attraction of foreign capital and overseas investment, and create new advantages in international trade and bilateral investment cooperation.

强化进口和出口协调、货物和服务并重，统筹吸引外资和境外投资，塑造国际贸易和双向投资合作新优势。

Section 1: Promote Trade Innovation and Development

第一节 推动贸易创新发展

Accelerate the construction of a powerful trading nation, promote the improvement of quality and efficiency of foreign trade, and promote balanced development of imports and exports. Optimize and upgrade merchandise trade, promote market diversification, expand intermediate product trade, and promote the upgrading of processing trade. Vigorously develop service trade, perfect the negative list management system for cross-border service trade, relax restrictions on cross-border delivery and movement of natural persons and other cross-border services, encourage service exports, and enhance the international competitiveness of transportation, travel and other services. Develop knowledge-intensive service trade, actively develop service outsourcing, and enhance the standardization level of service trade. Reasonably adjust import tariff rates, revise the list of encouraged imported technologies, products and services, and expand imports of advanced technologies and equipment, quality agricultural products, and productive services that are urgently needed domestically. Innovatively develop digital trade and green trade, and orderly expand opening-up in digital fields. Support the development of new business forms and modes such as cross-border e-commerce, optimize overseas warehouse layout and functions, and perfect the policy environment for bonded maintenance and remanufacturing, new types of offshore trade, and other areas. Promote customs clearance, tax, and foreign exchange regulatory innovation, and advance international cooperation in foreign trade product standards and conformity assessment, inspection and quarantine. Enhance the functions of trade promotion platforms, increase support for export credit and credit insurance, and continue to hold major exhibitions such as the China International Import Expo, Canton Fair, and China International Services Trade Fair. Promote the integrated development of domestic and foreign trade, and deepen the reform of domestic and foreign trade standards and certification.

加快建设贸易强国，促进外贸提质增效，推动进出口平衡发展。优化升级货物贸易，推动市场多元化，拓展中间品贸易，促进加工贸易提档升级。大力发展服务贸易，完善跨境服务贸易负面清单管理制度，放宽跨境交付、自然人移动等跨境服务限制，鼓励服务出口，增强运输、旅行等服务国际竞争力，发展知识密集型服务贸易，积极发展服务外包，提升服务贸易标准化水平。合理调整进口关税税率，修订鼓励进口技术、产品和服务目录，扩大国内急需的先进技术设备、优质农产品、生产性服务等进口。创新发展数字贸易、绿色贸易，有序扩大数字领域开放。支持跨境电商等新业态新模式发展，优化海外仓布局和功能，完善保税维修和再制造、新型离岸贸易等政策环境。推进通关、税务、外汇等监管创新，推动外贸产品标准与合格评定、检验检疫国际合作。提升贸易促进平台功能，加大出口信贷和信用保险支持，持续办好进博会、广交会、服贸会等重大展会。推动内外贸一体化发展，深化内外贸标准认证改革。

Strengthen trade risk prevention and control and friction response, enrich trade adjustment assistance and trade remedies and other policy tools, and perfect the export control system.

强化贸易风险防控和摩擦应对，丰富贸易调整援助、贸易救济等政策工具，完善出口管制体系。

Section 2: Attract and Utilize Foreign Capital with Greater Efforts

第二节 更大力度吸引和利用外资

Continue to optimize the business environment for foreign investment, strengthen the service guarantee system for foreign investment, and create new advantages in attracting foreign capital. Fully implement national treatment for foreign-invested enterprises, remove documents and regulations inconsistent with the Foreign Investment Law, and implement well the “admission and operation” principle. Leverage the demonstration effect of landmark foreign investment projects, guide foreign capital to increasingly focus on advanced manufacturing, modern services, high-tech, and energy conservation and environmental protection sectors, support participation in industrial chain upstream and downstream matching and cooperation, vigorously attract foreign-invested enterprises to establish regional headquarters and research and development centers in China. Promote the reinvestment of foreign capital within China. Carefully build the “Invest in China” brand. Expand the scope of utilizing foreign capital, perfect foreign investment merger and acquisition management, broaden foreign capital channels for investing in securities markets. Conduct high-quality implementation of national security review of foreign investment. Perfect a comprehensive foreign debt management system. Strengthen foreign investment statistics and information reporting systems, and enhance information sharing.

持续优化外商投资环境，健全外商投资服务保障体系，塑造吸引外资新优势。全面落实外资企业国民待遇，清理与外商投资法不符的文件法规，落实好“准入又准营”。发挥标志性外资项目示范效应，引导外资更多投向先进制造、现代服务、高新技术、节能环保等领域，支持参与产业链上下游配套协作，大力吸引外资企业在华设立地区总部、研发中心。促进外资境内再投资。精心打造“投资中国”品牌。拓展利用外资方式，完善外资并购管理，拓宽外资投资证券市场渠道。高质量实施外商投资安全审查。完善全口径外债监管体系。健全外商投资统计、信息报告制度，加强信息共享。

Section 3: Promote International Industrial and Investment Cooperation

第三节 促进国际产业与投资合作

Effectively implement overseas investment management, strengthen the comprehensive service system overseas, promote integrated development of trade and investment, and guide rational and orderly cross-border distribution of industrial chains and supply chains. Further guide and regulate the directions of overseas investment by enterprises, support qualified enterprises in conducting mutually beneficial overseas investment and cooperation, and encourage new emerging industry enterprises such as internet platforms and artificial intelligence to expand overseas application scenarios. Support professional service institutions including consulting assessment, legal services, accounting audit, credit rating, mediation and arbitration in expanding overseas service networks, and strengthen intellectual property protection systems involving foreign affairs. Strengthen the protection of overseas legitimate interests of China’s citizens and legal entities, and establish a system for response to demands and protection and relief. Leverage the role of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, and promote coordinated development with domestic industrial parks. Strengthen national security review of overseas investment. Strengthen the risk monitoring, prevention and control, and disposal mechanisms and laws and regulations for overseas investment, and promote enterprises to enhance risk prevention and control and compliant business operation capabilities.

有效实施对外投资管理，健全海外综合服务体系，促进贸易投资一体化，引导产业链供应链合理有序跨境布局。进一步引导和规范企业境外投资方向，支持有条件的企业开展互利共赢的境外投资合作，鼓励互联网平台、人工智能等新兴产业企业拓展海外应用场景。支持咨询评估、法律服务、会计审计、信用评级、调解仲裁等专业服务机构拓展海外服务网络，健全涉外知识产权保护体系。加强我国公民、法人海外合法利益保护，建立诉求响应和保护救济制度。发挥境外经贸合作区作用，促进与境内园区协同发展。加强境外投资安全审查。健全境外投资风险监测、防控、处置机制和法律法规，推动企业提升风险防控和合规经营能力。

Chapter 23: High-Quality Joint Construction of the “Belt and Road Initiative”

第二十三章 高质量共建“一带一路”

Adhere to the guiding principles of consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, openness, greenness and integrity, and high standards to benefit people’s livelihood and sustainability, perfect the mechanism for promoting high-quality joint construction of the “Belt and Road Initiative,” deepen “hard connectivity” of infrastructure, “soft connectivity” of rules and standards, and “heart connectivity” with people of co-building nations.

坚持共商共建共享、开放绿色廉洁、高标准惠民生可持续的指导原则，完善推进高质量共建“一带一路”机制，深化基础设施“硬联通”、规则标准“软联通”、同共建国家人民“心联通”。

Section 1: Deepen Alignment of Development Strategies

第一节 深化发展战略对接

Strengthen policy communication and strategic alignment with co-building nations and international organizations, strengthen coordination and management of cooperation planning, and enhance implementation coordination and assessment optimization. Leverage the leading role of the “Belt and Road Initiative” International Cooperation High-Level Forum, strengthen construction of cooperation platforms in sectors such as energy, taxation, poverty reduction, think tanks, and media. Deepen experience exchanges with co-building nations on governance, and increase exchanges among entrepreneurs, experts, scholars, youth, and other groups. Coordinate bilateral and multilateral cooperation, innovate “Belt and Road Initiative” cooperation models, consolidate existing cooperation achievements, and expand space for win-win development.

加强与共建国家、国际组织政策沟通和战略对接，强化合作规划统筹管理，加强实施协调和评估优化。发挥“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛引领作用，强化能源、税收、减贫、智库、媒体等领域合作平台建设。深化与共建国家治国理政经验交流，增进企业家、专家学者、青年等群体交流。统筹多双边合作，创新“一带一路”合作模式，巩固已有合作成果，拓展共赢发展空间。

Section 2: Perfect the Layout of a Three-Dimensional Interconnection and Interoperability Network

第二节 完善立体互联互通网络布局

Deepen cooperation on important economic corridors and hub ports, ensure smooth diverse channels on land, sea, air, and digital networks. Enhance the development level of China-Europe (Asia) Railway Express, actively participate in the construction of the Transcaspian International Transport Corridor. Construct the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway, Hungary-Serbia Railway, and other projects to high standards. Promote integrated development of port, shipping, and trade along the “Silk Road Maritime Route,” promote the improvement of quality and efficiency in the construction of the Air Silk Road, and strengthen cooperation in the construction of space information corridors. Actively promote the application of Chinese standards overseas. Deeply advance the construction of Xinjiang and Fujian as core areas of the “Belt and Road Initiative.”

深化重要经济走廊和支点港口合作，畅通陆海天网多元通道。提升中欧（亚）班列发展水平，积极参与跨里海国际运输走廊建设。高质量建设中吉乌铁路、匈塞铁路等项目。推进“丝路海运”港航贸一体化发展，推动空中丝绸之路建设提质增效，加强空间信息走廊建设合作。积极推进中国标准海外应用。深入推进新疆、福建“一带一路”核心区建设。

Section 3: Comprehensively Enhance the Quality and Effectiveness of Practical Cooperation

第三节 全面提升务实合作质效

Continuously expand trade and investment cooperation with co-building nations, build the “Silk Road E-Commerce” cooperation pioneering zone to high standards. Expand new spaces for cooperation in green development, artificial intelligence, digital economy, health, tourism, agriculture, meteorology, and Beidou applications, and other sectors. Coordinate the promotion of major flagship projects and “small and beautiful” livelihood projects. Perfect a diversified, sustainable, and controllable investment and financing system, and actively support the role of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, New Development Bank, Silk Road Fund, and other entities. Expand channels for humanistic exchanges with co-building nations in culture, education, archaeology, sports, and other sectors, implement the “Belt and Road Initiative” Scientific and Technological Innovation Action Plan to high quality. Enhance risk prevention and control capacity, deeply advance the construction of the Clean Silk Road, and promote high-quality development of jointly building the “Belt and Road Initiative” in a more orderly, regulated, safe, and sustainable manner.

持续扩大与共建国家贸易投资合作，高标准建设“丝路电商”合作先行区。拓展绿色发展、人工智能、数字经济、卫生健康、旅游、农业、气象、北斗应用等领域合作新空间。统筹推进重大标志性工程和“小而美”民生项目建设。完善多元化、可持续、风险可控的投融资体系，积极支持亚洲基础设施投资银行、新开发银行、丝路基金等发挥作用。拓展与共建国家文化、教育、考古、体育等领域人文交流渠道，高质量实施“一带一路”科技创新行动计划。提升风险防控能力，深入推进廉洁丝绸之路建设，推动共建“一带一路”更有序、更规范、更安全、更可持续地高质量发展。

Chapter 24: Promote the Building of a Community of Shared Future for Humanity

第二十四章 推动构建人类命运共同体

Implement the Global Development Initiative, Global Security Initiative, Global Civilization Initiative, and Global Governance Initiative, actively advance Chinese-style great power diplomacy, and make China’s contribution to building a community of shared future for humanity.

落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议、全球治理倡议，积极推进中国特色大国外交，为构建人类命运共同体作出中国贡献。

Section 1: Actively Participate in and Lead Global Economic Governance

第一节 积极参与和引领全球经济治理

Promote reform of global economic and financial governance, promote the construction and maintenance of a fair, just, open, inclusive, and cooperative international economic order. Safeguard the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization at its core, fully and deeply participate in World Trade Organization reform, firmly oppose protectionism and the abuse of tariffs. Expand a global network of high-standard free trade zones, implement the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement at high quality and promote its expansion and review processes, promote the implementation of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0, actively promote accession to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement, and promote the signing of more regional and bilateral trade and investment agreements. Actively propose Chinese solutions for international rules in emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, digital economy, green and low-carbon, and outer space. Strengthen international macroeconomic policy coordination, promote the Group of Twenty to play the main role in international economic cooperation, promote expanding the influence of cooperation mechanisms such as BRICS, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and other cooperation mechanisms, actively participate in Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation cooperation, and advance Asia-Pacific Free Trade Zone construction.

推进全球经济金融治理改革，推动构建和维护公平公正、开放包容、合作共赢的国际经济秩序。维护以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制，全面深入参与世界贸易组织改革，坚决反对保护主义、滥施关税等做法。扩大面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络，高质量实施区域全面经济伙伴关系协定并推动扩员和审议进程，推动中国—东盟自贸区 3.0 版落地实施，积极推动加入全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定、数字经济伙伴关系协定，推动商签更多区域和双边贸易投资协定。积极提出人工智能、数字经济、绿色低碳、外层空间等新兴领域国际规则的中国方案。强化国际宏观经济政策协调，推动二十国集团发挥国际经济合作主要论坛作用，推动扩大金砖国家、上海合作组织等合作机制影响力，积极参与亚太经合组织合作、推进亚太自由贸易区建设。

Section 2: Promote the Building of a New Type of International Relations

第二节 推动构建新型国际关系

Advocate and practice true multilateralism, resolutely uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core, the international order based on international law, and the basic principles of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, expand the global partnership network, and lead the international order toward a more just and rational direction. Deepen the integrated development of neighboring regions, strengthen common security, consolidate strategic mutual trust, and build a community of shared destiny with neighboring countries. Promote coordination and positive interaction among major powers, and maintain overall stability of relations among major powers. Deepen solidarity and cooperation with developing countries, and support the joint self-improvement of the Global South. Build a multi-level, multi-domain mechanism and platform for civilizational dialogue and exchange, and jointly build a global civilizational dialogue and cooperation network. Carry forward the common values of all humanity, and promote the building of a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, and environmental cleanliness and beauty.

倡导践行真正的多边主义，坚定维护以联合国为核心的国际体系、以国际法为基础的国际秩序、以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则，拓展全球伙伴关系网络，引领国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。深化周边发展融合，强化共同安全，巩固战略互信，构建周边命运共同体。促进大国协调和良性互动，维护大国关系总体稳定。深化同发展中国家团结合作，支持全球南方联合自强。打造多层级多领域文明对话交流机制和平台，共同构建全球文明对话合作网络。弘扬全人类共同价值，推动建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。

Section 3: Provide More International Public Goods

第三节 提供更多国际公共产品

Play the role of a responsible major power, play a more active role in addressing global issues such as global climate change, transnational crime, cybersecurity, major infectious diseases, and terrorism. Firmly oppose hegemonic, domineering, and bullying conduct, defend international fairness and justice, and uphold the common interests of all peoples. Actively participate in the formulation of global security rules, constructively participate in the political resolution of international and regional hotspot issues, strengthen international cooperation in food, energy, data, biological, land and sea passage security, counter-terrorism, and other fields, and promote the improvement of global security governance. Promote global poverty reduction cooperation, strengthen the construction of the foreign aid system and full-chain management, and increase the scale of foreign aid. Implement the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda.

发挥负责任大国作用，在应对全球气候变化、跨国犯罪、网络安全、重大传染性疾病、恐怖主义等全球性问题上发挥更多积极作用。坚决反对霸权霸道霸凌行径，捍卫国际公平正义，维护各国人民共同利益。积极参与全球安全规则制定，建设性参与国际和地区热点问题政治解决，加强粮食、能源、数据、生物、陆海通道、反恐怖等领域安全国际合作，推动完善全球安全治理。促进全球减贫合作，加强援外体系建设和全链条管理，加大援外力度。落实联合国 2030 年可持续发展议程。

Part 8: Accelerate Agricultural and Rural Modernization and Solidly Promote Comprehensive Rural Revitalization

第八篇 加快农业农村现代化 扎实推进乡村全面振兴

Adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas, persist in urban-rural integrated development, strengthen the long-term mechanism for promoting comprehensive rural revitalization, vigorously develop modern agriculture, promote rural areas to basically possess modern living conditions, consistently consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation efforts, narrow the urban-rural development gap, and accelerate the construction of an agricultural powerhouse.

坚持农业农村优先发展，坚持城乡融合发展，健全推动乡村全面振兴长效机制，大力发展现代农业，推动农村基本具备现代生活条件，持续巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果，缩小城乡发展差距，加快建设农业强国。

Chapter 25: Enhance the Comprehensive Production Capacity and Quality and Efficiency of Agriculture

第二十五章 提升农业综合生产能力和质量效益

Adhere to addressing output and productive capacity, production and ecology, and increased production and income together, advance product-need alignment, structural optimization, and quality improvement, and enhance agricultural labor productivity and the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress.

坚持产量产能、生产生态、增产增收一起抓，推进产需衔接、结构优化、品质提升，提高农业劳动生产率和科技进步贡献率。

Section 1: Strengthen the Supply Guarantee of Grain and Other Important Agricultural Products

第一节 加强粮食等重要农产品供给保障

Deeply implement the strategies of “storing grain in the land” and “storing grain in science and technology,” strengthen the implementation of a new round of the billion-ton grain productive capacity improvement initiative, stabilize the production of rice and wheat, enhance the productive capacity of corn and soybeans, and promote large-area single-yield improvements of grain and oil crops. Adapt to changes in supply and demand circumstances, optimize agricultural production structure, and steadily develop the production of important agricultural products such as cotton, oil, sugar, rubber, and “vegetable basket” products. Strengthen the protection system of agricultural land quantity, quality, and ecology as a unified whole, strictly manage the balance of occupation and compensation, perfect the quality acceptance mechanism for supplementary agricultural land, and coordinate the optimization of agricultural land layout. Advance the construction and maintenance of high-standard farmland at high quality, perfect the agricultural field irrigation and drainage system, strengthen black soil land protection and acidified cultivated land management, and steadily promote the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land. Strengthen agricultural disaster prevention and reduction capacity. Conduct a new round of agricultural resource zoning work.

深入实施藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略，加力实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动，稳定稻谷、小麦生产，提升玉米、大豆产能，推进粮油等主要作物大面积单产提升。适应供需形势变化，优化农业生产结构，稳定发展棉油糖胶等重要农产品和“菜篮子”产品生产。健全耕地数量、质量、生态“三位一体”保护制度体系，严格占补平衡管理，完善补充耕地质量验收机制，统筹农用地布局优化。高质量推进高标准农田建设和管护，完善农田灌排体系，加强黑土地保护和酸化耕地治理，稳步推进盐碱地综合利用。增强农业防灾减灾能力。开展新一轮农业资源区划工作。

Section 2: Strengthen Agricultural Science and Technology and Equipment Support

第二节 强化农业科技和装备支撑

Coordinate the development of scientific and technological agriculture, green agriculture, quality agriculture, and branded agriculture, and build agriculture into a modern large industry. Deeply implement the seed industry revitalization initiative, strengthen the protection and utilization of seed genetic resources, strengthen the germplasm system, strengthen joint breeding research and development, cultivate new varieties of high yield, quality, and resistance to adversity and broad suitability, and enhance the level of guarantee of seed resource security. Implement the high-quality development initiative of agricultural machinery and equipment, promote the integrated efficiency of good farmland, good seeds, good machinery, and good methods, enhance the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop planting, management, and harvesting to above 80%. Strengthen key core technology research and development around core seed sources, agricultural machinery and equipment, and agricultural water saving, establish an agricultural science and technology innovation system with clear hierarchy, reasonable division of labor, and moderate competition, and cultivate leading agricultural science and technology enterprises. Strengthen the system of combined public welfare and business-oriented agricultural science and technology promotion. Actively promote geographic indication products and brands.

统筹发展科技农业、绿色农业、质量农业、品牌农业，把农业建成现代化大产业。深入实施种业振兴行动，加强种质资源保护利用，健全商业化育种体系，强化育种联合攻关，培育高产优质、抗逆广适新品种，提升种源安全保障水平。实施农机装备高质量发展行动，促进良田良种良机良法集成增效，农作物耕种收综合机械化率提高到 80%以上。围绕核心种源、农机装备、农业节水等加强关键核心技术攻关，构建梯次分明、分工协作、适度竞争的农业科技创新体系，培育农业科技领军企业。健全公益性和经营性相结合的农业科技推广体系。积极推广地理标志产品和品牌。

Section 3: Construct a Diversified Food Supply System

第三节 构建多元化食物供给体系

Adhere to the promotion of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery together, comprehensively and in multiple ways develop food resources. Strengthen comprehensive adjustment and control of hog productive capacity, promote quality and efficiency improvement of beef cattle, mutton, and dairy cattle industries, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of grassland pastoralism. Accelerate the development of the feed grass industry and expand the production of silage feed. Develop modern facility agriculture, and advance energy-efficient, suitable for machinery, and high-efficiency facility cultivation and intensive aquaculture. Scientifically develop food resources from rivers, lakes, seas, and forests, develop high-quality aquaculture, steadily expand wood-based grain and oil production, develop forest under-story economy, and strengthen the forestry and grassland industry, and enhance mechanization levels. Actively develop synthetic biology technology and expand new protein sources.

坚持农林牧渔并举，全方位多途径开发食物资源。加强生猪产能综合调控，推进肉牛肉羊、奶牛产业提质增效，加快草原畜牧业转型升级。加快发展饲草产业，扩大青贮饲料生产。发展现代设施农业，推进节能宜机高效设施种植和集约化养殖。科学开发江河湖海和森林食物资源，发展高质量水产养殖，稳步扩大木本粮油生产，发展林下经济，壮大林草产业，提升机械化水平。积极发展合成生物技术，拓展新型蛋白来源。

Chapter 26: Promote the Construction of Livable and Workable Beautiful Rural Areas

第二十六章 推进宜居宜业和美乡村建设

Learn and apply the experience of the “Thousands of Villages Program,” classify and orderly promote rural revitalization with regional coordination, deeply implement the rural construction initiative, and gradually improve the completeness of rural infrastructure, the convenience of public services, and the comfort of human living environment.

学习运用“千万工程”经验，分类有序、片区化推进乡村振兴，深入实施乡村建设行动，逐步提高农村基础设施完备度、公共服务便利度、人居环境舒适度。

Section 1: Create Rural Quality Living Space

第一节 创造乡村优质生活空间

With the county as the unit, scientifically plan the layout of infrastructure and public services, and promote integrated planning, construction, and maintenance of county-level infrastructure. Comprehensively optimize the layout of villages and towns, guide the reasonable concentration of population and industry, establish rural construction implementation mechanisms based on local conditions, and rationally arrange construction priorities and sequencing. Advance county-level national land space governance, steadily conduct comprehensive land consolidation across the entire region, classify and guarantee rural development land. Solidly advance the construction and maintenance of rural roads, water supply, sewage treatment, energy, logistics, information, and other facilities. Improve the conditions for running regular senior high schools and boarding schools in county areas, advance the construction of closely integrated county-level health management systems with the focus on the assignment of medical and nursing personnel at lower levels, strengthen the three-level rural-township-village elderly care service network, support the provision of flexible forms of basic public services for rural areas in remote locations, and coordinate the utilization of existing rural facility resources. Continuously improve rural human living environment management and improvement, and resolve issues such as rural toilet renovation and garbage encirclement with a persistent spirit of dedication.

以县域为单元科学规划基础设施和公共服务布局，推动县域基础设施一体化规划建设管护。统筹优化村镇布局，引导人口、产业适度集聚，因地制宜完善乡村建设实施机制，合理安排建设重点和时序。协同推进县域国土空间治理，稳步开展全域土地综合整治，分类保障乡村发展用地。扎实推进农村道路、供水、污水治理、能源、物流、信息等设施建设和维护。改善县域普通高中和寄宿制学校办学条件，以医护人员下沉为重点推进紧密型县域医共体建设，健全县乡村三级养老服务网络，支持面向边远地区农村提供形式灵活的基本公共服务，统筹利用农村存量设施资源。持续整治提升农村人居环境，以钉钉子精神解决好农村改厕、垃圾围村等问题。

Section 2: Develop County-Level Prosperity Industries

第二节 发展县域富民产业

Develop county economies with their own characteristics, promote deep integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas, cultivate agricultural powerhouse counties, industrial large counties, and tourism renowned counties in a manner suited to local conditions, and promote the integrated development of thriving business, strengthening counties, and enriching people. Advance the transformation and upgrading of the agricultural product processing industry, strengthen the construction of agricultural product markets and circulation networks, and strengthen the storage, preservation, and cold chain logistics system. Develop multiple functions of agriculture, cultivate and expand rural special industries and new industries and new business forms such as rural leisure tourism, cultural experience, and rural e-commerce. Standardize the development of farmers’ cooperatives, cultivate agricultural industrialization leading enterprises, strengthen the mechanism of linking agriculture and farmers with farms and farmers, promote that new-type agricultural management entities’ supporting policies link with farmers’ income growth, and promote stable income increases for farmers.

发展各具特色的县域经济，推动农村一二三产业深度融合，因地制宜培育农业强县、工业大县、旅游名县，推动兴业、强县、富民一体发展。推进农产品加工业转型升级，加强农产品市场和流通网络建设，健全仓储保鲜和冷链物流体系。开发农业多种功能，培育壮大乡村特色产业和乡村休闲旅游、文化体验、农村电商等新产业新业态。规范发展农民合作社，培育农业产业化龙头企业，完善联农带农机制，推动新型农业经营主体扶持政策同带动农户增收挂钩，促进农民稳定增收。

Section 3: Strengthen and Improve Rural Governance

第三节 加强和改进乡村治理

Deeply advance seizing party building to promote comprehensive rural revitalization, strengthen the three-level governance system of counties, townships, and villages, select and strengthen the village “two committees” leadership teams, especially the leadership team, and optimize the selection and dispatch management mechanism of resident first secretaries and work teams. Advance the standardization of rural residents’ self-governance organizations, perfect the system of village affairs disclosure and democratic consultation, and support rural residents in participating in village-level consultation through multiple channels. Strengthen new-era rural spiritual and cultural construction, promote the prosperous development of rural culture, and implement the cultural civilization in rural areas initiative. Continue to rectify high bride prices in rural areas. Protect and inherit rural cultural heritage, strengthen the protection of rural buildings and traditional villages, and continue the agricultural civilization.

深入推进抓党建促乡村全面振兴，健全县乡村三级治理体系，选优配强村“两委”班子特别是带头人队伍，优化驻村第一书记和工作队选派管理机制。推进村民自治组织规范化建设，完善村务公开和民主议事制度，支持农民群众多渠道参与村级议事协商。加强新时代农村精神文明建设，繁荣发展乡村文化，实施文明乡风建设工程。持续整治农村高额彩礼。保护传承乡村文化遗产，加强乡土建筑和传统村落保护，赓续农耕文明。

Special Column 12: Agricultural and Rural Modernization Construction

专栏12 农业农村现代化建设

01 High-Standard Farmland Construction

01 高标准农田建设

Prioritize the construction of high-standard farmland in the Northeast Black Soil area, plain areas, areas with water conservancy irrigation conditions, and areas with high grain yields and large increase potential. Build all permanent basic agricultural land with productive capacity in 720 grain productive capacity improvement key counties into high-standard farmland.

优先把东北黑土地区、平原地区、具备水利灌溉条件地区以及粮食产量高且增产潜力大地区的永久基本农田建成高标准农田，将720 个粮食产能提升重点县具备条件的永久基本农田全部建成高标准农田。

02 Modern Seed Industry Development

02 现代种业发展

Establish and perfect the national germplasm resource protection and utilization system for crops, livestock, aquatic organisms, forestry, and grassland and microorganisms, optimize the variety testing and evaluation system, establish seed industry innovation bases and breeding bases, strengthen the cultivation of breakthrough and major new varieties, and promote the self-sufficiency rate of agricultural core seed sources to reach 85%.

建设完善国家农作物、畜禽、水产、林草、微生物种质资源保护利用体系，优化品种测试评价体系，建设种业创新基地、育制种基地，加强突破性重大品种培育，推动农业核心种源自给率达到85%。

03 Prevention and Control of Animal and Plant Epidemic Diseases

03 动植物疫情疫病防控

Strengthen the monitoring and early warning system for crop diseases and insect pests and animal diseases, enhance the prevention and treatment of animal and plant diseases, emergency response, isolation inspection and quarantine, and harmless treatment and other full-chain management capacity, and strengthen technical support for pesticide and veterinary drug monitoring and evaluation.

健全农作物病虫害和动物疫病监测预警体系，提升动植物疫病防治、应急处置、隔离检疫和无害化处理等全链条管理能力，强化农药兽药监测评价等技术支撑。

04 Treatment of Non-Point Source Pollution from Agriculture

04 农业面源污染治理

Taking the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins as key areas, implement comprehensive treatment of non-point source pollution from agriculture, coordinate the scientific application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the resourceful utilization of animal manure and other agricultural waste.

以长江、黄河等流域为重点，实施农业面源污染综合治理，统筹推进化肥农药科学施用、畜禽粪污等农业废弃物资源化利用。

05 Supplementing Shortcomings in Rural Modern Living Conditions

05 农村现代生活条件补短板

Support eligible villages to fill shortages in village roads, water supply and drainage, sanitary toilet renovation, treatment of household garbage and sewage, elderly care facilities, and other areas based on local conditions.

支持符合条件的村庄因地制宜补齐村内道路、供排水、卫生厕所改造、生活垃圾和污水处理、养老服务设施等短板。

Chapter 27: Enhance the Effectiveness of Policies that Benefit Agriculture, Farmers, and Rural Areas

第二十七章 提高强农惠农富农政策效能

Strengthen the institutional mechanisms and policy systems for the priority development of agriculture and rural areas, and promote bilateral flow of factors between urban and rural areas, enhancing the vitality of agricultural and rural development.

健全农业农村优先发展的体制机制和政策体系，推动城乡要素双向流动，增强农业农村发展活力。

Section 1: Strengthen the Input Guarantee for Agriculture and Rural Areas

第一节 加强农业农村投入保障

Strengthen a multi-source investment pattern of financial priority guarantee, finance emphasis on inclining toward, and social active participation, and ensure the increasingly strengthened investment efforts in rural revitalization. Prioritize the guarantee of general public budget investment in agriculture and rural areas, enhance the effectiveness of fiscal agriculture support policies and the effectiveness of funds. Strengthen the earnings guarantee mechanism for grain-farming farmers, strengthen support through price, subsidy, and insurance policies and their coordination, protect and mobilize farmers’ enthusiasm for agricultural operations and grain production. Increase the degree of interest compensation for major grain-producing areas, implement interprovincial horizontal interest compensation between production and sales regions, and strengthen the award and subsidy system for major grain-producing counties. Strengthen a financial service system suited to the characteristics of agriculture and rural areas, develop multi-level agricultural insurance, and support the development of special agricultural product insurance.

健全财政优先保障、金融重点倾斜、社会积极参与的多元投入格局，确保乡村振兴投入力度不断增强。优先保障农业农村领域一般公共预算投入，提升财政支农政策效能和资金效益。健全种粮农民收益保障机制，强化价格、补贴、保险等政策支持和协同，保护和调动农民务农种粮积极性。加大粮食主产区利益补偿力度，实施产销区省际横向利益补偿，完善产粮大县奖补制度。健全适合农业农村特点的金融服务体系，发展多层次农业保险，支持发展特色农产品保险。

Section 2: Deepen Agricultural and Rural Reform

第二节 深化农业农村改革

Consolidate and perfect the basic rural operational system, stabilize land tenure relationships, steadily promote the extension of 30 years after the second round of land tenure expires, strengthen the price formation mechanism and management service system for the circulation of contracted land management rights. Develop agricultural-scale operations suited to circumstances, enhance the development quality of new-type agricultural management entities, strengthen a convenient and efficient agricultural socialization service system, and promote the organic connection of small farmers with modern agricultural development. Deepen the comprehensive reform of supply and marketing cooperatives. Conserve and intensify the use of rural collective construction land for business operation, orderly advance the entry into the market reform, and strengthen the mechanism for the distribution of land appreciation gains. Quickly complete the confirmation of rights, registration, and issuance of certificates for homestead land with houses and land as a unit, strengthen standardized management of rural homestead land, and dependently invigorate and effectively use idle land and houses. Deepen the reform of rural collective property rights systems, support the development of new-type rural collective economy. Strengthen the standardization of rural property rights trading markets. Incentivize various types of talent to go to rural areas to serve and to start up businesses and engage in employment.

巩固和完善农村基本经营制度，稳定土地承包关系，稳步推进第二轮土地承包到期后再延长 30 年试点，健全承包地经营权流转价格形成机制和管理服务制度。发展农业适度规模经营，提高新型农业经营主体发展质量，完善便捷高效的农业社会化服务体系，促进小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接。深化供销合作社综合改革。节约集约利用农村集体经营性建设用地，有序推进入市改革，健全土地增值收益分配机制。加快完成房地一体宅基地确权登记颁证，加强农村宅基地规范管理，依法盘活用好闲置土地和房屋。深化农村集体产权制度改革，支持发展新型农村集体经济。加强农村产权交易市场规范化建设。激励各类人才下乡服务和创业就业。

Section 3: Perfect the Normalized Assistance Mechanism

第三节 完善常态化帮扶机制

Coordinate the establishment of a normalized mechanism to prevent return to poverty and impoverishment, adhere to precise assistance, perfect bottom-line guarantees, strengthen development-oriented assistance through industry and employment and other means, enhance endogenous momentum, divide layers and categories to assist underdeveloped areas, and ensure no large-scale return to poverty and impoverishment. Optimize the scope of the existing state-level key counties for rural revitalization assistance, perfect supporting policies and incentive and constraint mechanisms. Optimize and perfect the mechanism of cooperation between the eastern and western regions, oppose cooperation, and continue to do well the specific targeted assistance of central units, and deeply carry out “group-style” assistance of cadres and talents. Focus on large and especially large resettlement areas and strengthen post-relocation follow-up support. Promote market-oriented direction consumer assistance. Strengthen the standardized management of assistance projects and assets. Strengthen and expand the implementation of work-based compensation.

统筹建立常态化防止返贫致贫机制，坚持精准帮扶，完善兜底式保障，强化产业、就业等开发式帮扶，增强内生动力，分层分类帮扶欠发达地区，确保不发生规模性返贫致贫。优化现有国家乡村振兴重点帮扶县范围，完善支持政策和激励约束机制。优化完善东西部协作、对口合作等机制，持续做好中央单位定点帮扶，深入开展干部人才“组团式”帮扶。聚焦大型特大型安置区，加强易地搬迁后续扶持。推进市场化导向的消费帮扶。加强帮扶项目资产规范管理。加力扩围实施以工代赈。

Part 9: Optimize Regional Economic Layout and Promote Regional Coordinated Development

第九篇 优化区域经济布局 促进区域协调发展

Leverage the synergistic effects of regional coordinated development strategy, regional major strategy, primary functional zone strategy, and new-type urbanization strategy, coordinate the deepening implementation of strategies within regions and linked development among regions, optimize the layout of major productive forces, leverage the role of key regions as growth poles, and construct a regional economic layout and national land space system with complementary advantages and high-quality development.

发挥区域协调发展战略、区域重大战略、主体功能区战略、新型城镇化战略叠加效应，统筹推进区域内战略深化实施和区域间联动发展，优化重大生产力布局，发挥重点区域增长极作用，构建优势互补、高质量发展的区域经济布局和国土空间体系。

Chapter 28: Enhance the Coordination of Regional Development

第二十八章 增强区域发展协调性

Adhere to consistently implementing regional development strategies, make policies based on changing times and local circumstances, and divide the approach by region and category, encourage regions to leverage comparative advantages and each develop their own strengths, promote coordinated development of east, middle, west, and northeast regions and between north and south, and promote relative equilibrium in development.

坚持一以贯之落实区域发展战略，因时因地制宜、分区分类施策，鼓励各地发挥比较优势、各展所长，促进东中西、南北方协调发展，在发展中促进相对平衡。

Section 1: Elevate the Level of Coordinated Development of East, Middle, West, and Northeast Regions

第一节 提升东中西和东北地区协调发展水平

Focus on major protection, major opening-up, and high-quality development to solidly advance western region major development to form a new pattern, based on functional positioning, resource endowments and industrial foundations, strengthen and enlarge special advantageous industries, implement a batch of major projects for ecological barrier construction, and promote opening-up internally and externally through the construction of open passages, hub nodes, and platform carriers. Based on maintaining national defense, food, ecology, energy, and industrial security, promote comprehensive revitalization of the northeast to achieve new breakthroughs, perfect energy passages and transportation networks, consistently consolidate and elevate the comprehensive grain production capacity, promote the transformation of advantages in science, education, agriculture, ecology, and other resources into development achievements, and accelerate the advancement of opening-up toward the north. Open a new situation in the accelerating rise of central regions, strengthen the guarantee capacity of grain and energy and raw material supply, strengthen and enlarge modern equipment manufacturing and high-tech industries, establish a comprehensive transportation network system, and advance high-level opening-up in inland areas. Encourage eastern regions to accelerate the advancement of modernization, strengthen original, revolutionary scientific and technological innovation, lead the construction of advanced manufacturing industry clusters with international competitiveness and modern service industry highlands.

聚焦大保护、大开放、高质量发展扎实推动西部大开发形成新格局，立足功能定位、资源禀赋和产业基础，做强做大特色优势产业，实施一批生态屏障建设重大工程，以开放通道、枢纽节点、平台载体建设促进对内对外开放。立足维护国家国防、粮食、生态、能源、产业安全推动东北全面振兴取得新突破，完善能源通道和交通网络，持续巩固提高粮食综合生产能力，推动科教、农业、生态等资源优势转化为发展成效，加快推进向北开放。开创中部地区加快崛起新局面，强化粮食和能源原材料保障能力，做优做强现代装备制造及高技术产业，建设综合交通运输枢纽体系，推进内陆地区高水平开放。鼓励东部地区加快推进现代化，加强原创性、颠覆性科技创新，引领建设具有国际竞争力的先进制造业集群和现代服务业高地。

Section 2: Consolidate and Elevate the Role of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as Power Sources

第二节 巩固提升京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区动力源作用

Deeply advance Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development, form a more close all-around coordinated development pattern. Actively, steadily, and orderly relieve Beijing of non-capital functions, continuously advance the landing of landmark diversion projects and policies, optimize and elevate capital functions, and establish a modernized capital metropolis circle. Build Xiong’an new area as a modernized city to high standards and high quality, and perfect management systems. Enhance the comprehensive service level of the Beijing municipal vice-center, enhance the comprehensive bearing capacity of Tianjin Binhai new area. Deeply advance Yangtze River Delta integrated development, perfect the integration development institutional mechanisms of innovation chains, industrial chains, infrastructure, and ecology and environmental protection. Accelerate the construction of Shanghai’s “five centers,” high-standardly construct the Yangtze River Delta ecology green integrated development demonstration zone, enhance the radiation capacity of the Hongqiao international opening-up hub, support Shanghai and Suzhou key fields same-city development, deepen the result cooperation of Shanghai, Suzhou, and Zhejiang with north Anhui regions and cities. Deepen the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, strengthen the connection of rules and mechanism connection in scientific and technological innovation, economic development, and public services, fully leverage the pioneering and pilot role of major cooperation platforms, accelerate the construction of an internationally first-class bay area.

深入推进京津冀协同发展，形成更加紧密的全方位协同发展格局。积极稳妥有序疏解北京非首都功能，持续推动标志性疏解项目和政策落地，优化提升首都功能，建设现代化首都都市圈。高标准高质量推进雄安新区建设现代化城市，完善管理体制。提升北京城市副中心综合服务水平，提高天津滨海新区综合承载能力。深入推进长三角一体化发展，完善创新链产业链、基础设施、生态环保等一体化发展体制机制。加快上海“五个中心”建设，高标准建设长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区，提升虹桥国际开放枢纽辐射能级，支持上海与苏州重点领域同城化发展，深化沪苏浙与皖北地区城市结对合作。深化粤港澳大湾区建设，强化科技创新、经济发展、公共服务等方面规则衔接、机制对接，充分发挥重大合作平台先行先试作用，加快建设国际一流湾区。

Section 3: Advance the Development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin

第三节 推进长江经济带发展、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展

Adhere to jointly grasping major protection and not engaging in major development, persist in ecological priority and green development, continuously advance high-quality development of the Yangtze River economic belt, strengthen pollution prevention and control in key fields and the protection and management of important lakes, resolutely advance ten-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River, orderly improve the collection and treatment levels of domestic sewage in cities along the river, and promote the main stream of the Yangtze River to maintain stable Class II water quality and major tributaries to basically reach Class II water quality. Keep open the Yangtze River golden waterway, strengthen high-level protection of shoreline resources and rational and efficient utilization, advance green transformation and upgrading of industries along the river, and promote coordinated linked development of upstream, middle, and downstream regions. Comprehensively advance ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin, continuously strengthen the large protection and large coordination pattern, systematically advance upstream water conservation, middle reaches soil and water retention, downstream wetland protection and ecological management, strengthen comprehensive treatment of important tributaries such as the Huangshui and Wei Rivers, and fully wage the intensive water-saving and water-control attack. Deepen the construction of the pilot area for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.

坚持共抓大保护、不搞大开发，坚持生态优先、绿色发展，持续推进长江经济带高质量发展，强化重点领域污染治理和重要湖泊保护治理，坚定不移推进长江十年禁渔，有序提高沿线城市生活污水收集处理水平，推动长江干流稳定保持 II 类水质、主要支流基本达到 II 类水质。畅通长江黄金水道，加强岸线资源高水平保护和合理高效利用，推进沿江产业绿色转型升级，促进上中下游协同联动发展。全面推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展，持续完善大保护大协同格局，系统推进上游水源涵养、中游水土保持、下游湿地保护和生态治理，加大湟水河、渭河等重要支流综合治理力度，全力打好深度节水控水攻坚战。深化黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展先行区建设。

Section 4: Support the Revitalization and Development of Special Type Regions

第四节 支持特殊类型地区振兴发展

Accelerate the revitalization and development of revolutionary old areas, inherit red genes, develop special industries, support revolutionary old areas to leverage comparative advantages and cultivate endogenous momentum, and deepen targeted cooperation among key cities in revolutionary old areas. Precisely classify and support the development of border areas, coordinate the promotion of border guarding and fixed border, prosperous borders and rich people, strengthening borders and steady defense, and border opening-up, promote the innovation of border trade development, increase investment in education and healthcare in border areas, implement more forceful border protection subsidy policies, solidly advance the construction of border key towns and villages, support border port cities to develop, and promote high-quality development of border regions. Support ecological degeneration areas to conduct ecological repair and green development. Advance the transformation and development of old industrial bases and resource-dependent regions, support resource-exhausted cities in developing successor and replacement industries, advance comprehensive treatment and integration and utilization of coal mining subsidence areas and independent mining areas.

加快革命老区振兴发展，传承红色基因，发展特色产业，支持革命老区发挥比较优势培育内生动力，深化革命老区重点城市对口合作。分类精准支持边境地区发展，统筹推动守边固边、兴边富民、强边固防、沿边开放，促进边境贸易创新发展，加大边境地区教育医疗等投入，实施更有力的护边补助政策，扎实推进沿边重点城镇和村庄建设，支持口岸城市发展，推动边疆地区高质量发展。支持生态退化地区开展生态修复和绿色发展。推进老工业基地、资源型地区转型发展，支持资源枯竭城市发展接续替代产业，推动采煤沉陷区、独立工矿区综合治理和整合利用。

Chapter 29: Promote Inter-Regional Linked Development

第二十九章 促进区域联动发展

Using cross-regional and cross-basin major passages as the foundation, using city cluster linked development as a carrier, using institutional mechanism coordination as a guarantee, promote inter-regional mutual integration and mutual promotion, mutual benefit and win-win outcomes, and expand the space of domestic large circulation.

以跨区域跨流域大通道为基础，以城市群联动发展为载体，以体制机制协同为保障，推动区域间互融互促、互利共赢，拓展国内大循环空间。

Section 1: Perfect the Layout of Regional Linked Development

第一节 完善区域联动发展布局

Strengthen the interconnectedness of regional basic infrastructure, advance the construction of cross-regional and cross-basin major passages such as the Yangtze River comprehensive transportation passage and coastal and border passages, and leverage the support role of major cross-regional projects such as “west electricity supplied to east” and “east data sent to west.” Strengthen the integration and focused city cluster coordination and linked development, advance the efficient collaboration of regional innovation chains and industrial chains. Support Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to build world-class city clusters. Elevate the development level of the Chengdu-Chongqing dual-city economic circle, and build it into a major growth pole for high-quality development. Promote the Yangtze River middle-reaches city cluster and other regions to accelerate development. Cultivate and develop a number of regional central cities, support the cooperative development of inter-provincial adjacent regions, and better leverage the supporting and driving role of cross-regional linked regions. Support economically large provinces to shoulder major responsibilities, strengthen reform and opening-up, policy empowerment, and factor guarantee, and lead the way and set an example in advancing Chinese-style modernization.

强化区域基础设施互联互通，推进长江综合运输通道和沿边沿海通道等跨区域跨流域大通道建设，发挥西电东送、东数西算等跨区域重大工程支撑作用。加强城市群一体化和重点城市群协调联动，促进区域创新链产业链高效协作。支持京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区打造世界级城市群。提升成渝地区双城经济圈发展能级，打造高质量发展重要增长极。推动长江中游城市群等加快发展。培育发展若干区域性中心城市，支持省际毗邻地区合作发展，更好发挥跨区域联结型地区支撑带动作用。支持经济大省挑大梁，加强改革攻坚、政策赋能、要素保障，在推进中国式现代化中走在前作示范。

Section 2: Strengthen Cross-Regional Cooperation Mechanisms

第二节 健全跨区域合作机制

Deepen cross-administrative-boundary cooperation, strengthen planning coordination, industrial cooperation, and interest-sharing mechanisms among regions. Strengthen the coordinated implementation of regional development strategies and planning connections, coordinate the advancement of cross-regional platform and major project construction. Strengthen industrial transfer cooperation mechanisms and platform systems, explore interest-sharing mechanisms such as taxation, land use, and carbon emission indicators between industrial outflow and accepting regions, and promote ordered transfer of key industries nationally. Support the construction of cross-provincial land-use indicator coordination within the scope of city clusters and metropolis circles in accordance with regulations. Support upstream and downstream regions in watersheds and energy-producing and energy-consuming regions in engaging in interest compensation, and explore diverse modes such as watershed economy based on local conditions. Accelerate promoting the high-quality development of ethnic regions, deepen inter-ethnic interchange, exchange, and fusion, strengthen the mechanism of targeted assistance to Xinjiang and Tibet, and strengthen the inclination of support toward south Xinjiang regions.

深化跨行政区合作，健全区域间规划统筹、产业协作、利益共享等机制。加强区域发展战略统筹实施和规划衔接，协同推进跨区域平台和重大工程项目建设。完善产业转移协作机制和平台体系，探索产业转出地和承接地税收、用地和碳排放指标等利益分享机制，促进重点产业在国内有序转移。支持城市群都市圈范围内依规划跨省统筹建设用地指标。支持流域上下游、资源输出地输入地之间开展利益补偿，因地制宜拓展流域经济等模式。加快推动民族地区高质量发展，深化各民族交往交流交融，完善对口援疆援藏工作机制，加大对南疆地区倾斜支持力度。

Chapter 30: Optimize the National Land Space Development Pattern

第三十章 优化国土空间发展格局

Adhere to “suitable for water, then water; suitable for mountains, then mountains; suitable for grain, then grain; suitable for agriculture, then agriculture; suitable for industry, then industry; suitable for commerce, then commerce,” strengthen the primary functional zone system, enhance the targetedness and precision of policies, and promote the formation of a space development pattern with effective primary functional zone constraints and orderly national land development.

坚持宜水则水、宜山则山，宜粮则粮、宜农则农，宜工则工、宜商则商，健全主体功能区制度体系，提高政策针对性和精准性，推动形成主体功能约束有效、国土开发有序的空间发展格局。

Section 1: Strengthen the Implementation of Primary Functional Zone Strategy

第一节 强化主体功能区战略实施

Maintain the overall stability of the pattern of urbanization areas, main agricultural product production areas, and key ecological function areas, appropriately optimize the primary functions of certain regions, promote urbanization areas to enhance their capacity for economic and population concentration, main agricultural product production areas to elevate agricultural comprehensive production capacity, and key ecological function areas to improve the quality of natural ecological systems. Refine and clearly specify special function areas, based on primary functions, appropriately superimpose functions for maintaining national security, guaranteeing energy and resource supply, protecting and inheriting culture, and strengthening ocean resource protection and utilization based on local conditions. Improve differentiated support policies and assessment and evaluation mechanisms for different primary functional areas, and rationally distribute new construction land, water resource, and other indicators.

保持城市化地区、农产品主产区、重点生态功能区格局总体稳定，适当优化部分地区主体功能，促进城市化地区增强经济人口集聚承载能力、农产品主产区提升农业综合生产能力、重点生态功能区改善自然生态系统质量。细化明确特殊功能区，在主体功能基础上因地制宜叠加维护国家安全、保障能源资源供给、保护传承文化、强化海洋资源保护利用等功能。完善不同主体功能区差异化支持政策和考核评价机制，合理配置新增建设用地、水资源等指标。

Section 2: Optimize National Land Space Control

第二节 优化国土空间管控

Strengthen the national land space planning system, based on national development planning and in combination with national land space planning assessment results, dynamically perfect national land space planning, and leverage its foundational role in the development and protection of national land space. Implement the control of optimized cultivated land and permanent basic farmland, ecological protection red line, urban development boundary, and other control lines, and around the implementation of national major strategies, rationally optimize control targets. Elevate permanent basic farmland quality, orderly promote the exit of unstable cultivated land and disaster-damaged cultivated land and timely supplementation, research and strengthen the ways of differentiated control of human activities within ecological protection red lines and differentiated exploration and mining policies for strategic mineral resources, and optimize urban development boundaries based on population flow and industrial development trends. Coordinate the utilization of near-shore and distant ocean space.

完善国土空间规划体系，依据国家发展规划、结合国土空间规划评估结果，动态完善国土空间规划，发挥对国土空间开发保护的基础作用。落实优化耕地和永久基本农田、生态保护红线、城镇开发边界等控制线以及各类管控边界，围绕国家重大战略实施合理优化管控目标。提高永久基本农田质量，有序推动不稳定耕地、灾毁耕地等退出并及时补足，研究完善生态保护红线内人为活动差异化管控方式和战略性矿产差别化勘查开采政策，根据人口流动和产业发展趋势优化城镇开发边界。统筹利用近岸、深远海空间。

Section 3: Strengthen National Land Space Coordinated Governance

第三节 加强国土空间协同治理

Establish and strengthen national land space use control and planning licensing systems, implement differentiated and fine-grained use control by region and category. Strengthen the preservation mechanism for national major project land guarantee, and leverage the role of natural resource management and national land space planning “one map.” Grant provincial governments greater autonomy in coordinating construction land management, explore the implementation of a mode of managing the total construction land volume by planning period, permit coordination and arrangement of city and county construction land within the precondition of not exceeding provincial domain construction land total volume, differentiated allocation of increase-to-existing ratios, and implement coordinated supply of existing and new land. Promote the organic fusion of land-use review and planning licensing, and linked approval of land, sea, forest, and grassland use.

建立健全国土空间用途管制和规划许可制度，分区分类实施差别化、精细化用途管制。健全国家重大项目用地保障机制，发挥自然资源管理和国土空间规划“一张图”作用。赋予省级政府统筹建设用地更大自主权，探索实施建设用地总量按规划期管控模式，允许在不突破省域建设用地总量前提下统筹安排市县建设用地、差异化配置增存比例，实行统筹存量和增量综合供地。推动用地审查与规划许可有机融合、用地用海用林用草联动审批。

Chapter 31: Deeply Advance Human-Centered New-Type Urbanization

第三十一章 深入推进以人为本的新型城镇化

Continue to improve the quality of urbanization, promote the comprehensive integration of agricultural transfer population into cities, optimize the structure of city sizes, advance city intrinsic development, and promote the coordinated development and concentrated compact layout of large, medium, and small cities and small towns.

持续提高城镇化质量，促进农业转移人口全面融入城市，优化城市规模结构，推动城市内涵式发展，促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展、集约紧凑布局。

Section 1: Scientifically and Orderly Advance the Citizenization of Agricultural Transfer Population

第一节 科学有序推进农业转移人口市民化

Adhere to active and steady progress and classified advancement, coordinate the deepening of household registration system reform and the provision of basic public services in permanent residence areas. Strengthen the accumulation settlement policy of super-large and mega-cities, comprehensively establish street or community public household registration, broaden the settlement channels for agricultural transfer population with stable employment and residence. Explore the establishment of a nationally unified population management system, and gradually achieve registration of household registration by permanent residence. Steadily improve the rate of agricultural workers’ participation in urban employee social insurance, promote more cities to include eligible non-registered permanent residents in public rental housing guarantee scope. Appropriately relax the conditions for participation in entrance exams and enrollment in place of origin areas, advance the continuous reception of basic education by eligible migrant children who meet conditions. Further strengthen the “people-land-money” linked mechanism. Protect the legitimate land rights of farmers settling in cities, and legally safeguard the land contracting rights, homestead use rights, and collective profit-distribution rights of farmers settling in cities, and explore the establishment of methods for voluntary and compensated withdrawal.

坚持积极稳妥、分类推进，统筹深化户籍制度改革和常住地提供基本公共服务。完善超大特大城市积分落户政策，全面设立街道或社区公共户口，拓宽稳定就业居住的农业转移人口落户渠道。探索建立全国统一的人口管理制度，逐步实现由常住地登记户口。稳步提高农民工参加城镇职工社会保险比例，推动更多城市将符合条件的未落户常住人口纳入公租房保障范围。因地制宜放宽在流入地参加中考报名条件，推进符合条件的随迁子女连续接受基础教育。进一步健全“人地钱”挂钩机制。保障进城落户农民合法土地权益，依法维护进城落户农民的土地承包权、宅基地使用权、集体收益分配权，探索建立自愿有偿退出的办法。

Section 2: Cultivate and Develop Modern Metropolis Circles

第二节 培育发展现代化都市圈

Strengthen the mechanism for same-city development integration of metropolis circles, construct a convenient and efficient commuting circle, a gradual tier-matched industrial circle, and a convenient shared living circle. Advance the modernization of governance in super-large and mega-cities, strengthen and refine core functions, and radiate and drive the coordinated development of neighboring cities and counties. Advance unified planning, unified project layout, and coordinated policy formulation within metropolis circles, strengthen the connection of spatial layout and land use across administrative boundaries, and in suitable locations explore unified coordination of public resources and element allocation based on metropolis circles as the basic units. Improve commuting efficiency in metropolis circles, accelerate the opening of unopen city railway sections and bottleneck sections, and promote the interchangeability of science and technology innovation vouchers, employment and residence year restrictions. Cultivate a number of metropolis circles in central, western, and northeast regions, and strengthen the radiation and driving capacity of central cities.

健全都市圈同城化发展体制机制，构建便捷高效的通勤圈、梯次配套的产业圈、便利共享的生活圈。推进超大特大城市治理现代化，做强做精核心功能，辐射带动周边市县共同发展。推进都市圈内规划统一编制、项目统筹布局、政策协同制定，强化空间布局和土地用途跨行政区衔接，在具备条件的地方探索以都市圈为基本单元统筹公共资源和要素配置。提高都市圈通勤效率，加快打通城际未贯通路段和瓶颈路段，推动科技创新券通兑通用、就业和居住年限互认。在中西部和东北地区培育若干都市圈，增强中心城市辐射带动能级。

Section 3: Build Modern People’s Cities

第三节 建设现代化人民城市

Advance the transformation of development methods for cities, and construct innovative, livable, beautiful, resilient, civilized, and smart modern people’s cities. Implement the special initiative to stimulate industrial innovation vitality, and elevate cities’ innovation strategy capacity. Advance high-quality city renewal, conduct city health check-ups, accelerate the construction of complete communities, establish planning adjustment mechanisms compatible with functional transformation and mixed-use needs of buildings, and construct a sustainable city construction and operation investment and financing system. Effectively utilize underground urban space. Advance the green and low-carbon transformation of city development, optimize urban public transportation service, strengthen the city park and green path network and slow-moving transportation system, and continuously improve the 15-minute fitness circle. Accelerate the construction of city infrastructure lifeline safety projects, advance the renovation of aging pipelines and dangerous old houses, and elevate the city’s rainwater drainage and flood prevention capacity. Strictly limit supertall buildings, and elevate the fire prevention and rescue capacity of high-rise buildings. Strengthen city appearance and architectural design management, advance that city buildings better embody Chinese aesthetics and the spirit of the age. Strengthen the construction of interlocked communities. Advance the full-scale digital transformation of cities, strengthen city management mechanisms and operational management service platforms, and advance the intelligence and fine-grain management of city governance.

推动城市发展方式转变，建设创新、宜居、美丽、韧性、文明、智慧的现代化人民城市。实施激发产业创新活力专项行动，提升城市产业创新策源力。高质量推进城市更新，开展城市体检，加快建设完整社区，建立与建筑功能转换和混合利用需求相适应的规划调整机制，构建可持续的城市建设运营投融资体系。高效利用城市地下空间。推动城市发展绿色低碳转型，优化城市公共交通服务，健全城市公园、绿道网络和慢行交通系统，不断完善 15 分钟健身圈。加快城市基础设施生命线安全工程建设，推进老旧管网和危旧房改造，提升城市排水防涝能力。严格限制超高层建筑，提升高层建筑火灾防范和救援能力。加强城市风貌和建筑设计管理，推动城市建筑更好体现中华美学和时代风尚。加强互嵌式社区建设。推进城市全域数字化转型，完善城市管理机制和运行管理服务平台，推动城市治理智慧化精细化。

Section 4: Classify Advancement of County-Level Urbanization with Counties as Important Carriers

第四节 分类推进以县城为重要载体的城镇化建设

Based on resource endowments, locational conditions, and development foundation, classify and guide the development direction of counties near large cities, counties in main agricultural product production areas, counties in key ecological function areas, and land border counties, form each with its own characteristics of development pathways, and orderly promote the reasonable concentration of population toward counties and central towns. Strengthen the industrial support of county-level urbanization potential areas, attract agricultural transfer population for nearby employment, settlement and return entrepreneurship. Support the supplementation of shortages in county-level infrastructure and public services, strengthen the comprehensive bearing capacity of counties, and strengthen the guarantee of county-level financial resources. In good time, adjust and expand the economic and social management authority of county-level cities and special large towns with large economic scales and fast population growth, steadily advance the optimization of mechanisms in counties with small populations.

立足资源禀赋、区位条件和发展基础，分类引导大城市周边县、农产品主产区县、重点生态功能区县、陆地边境县等县城发展方向，形成各具特色的发展路径，有序促进人口向县城和中心镇合理集聚。强化城镇化潜力地区县城产业支撑，吸纳农业转移人口就近就业安居和返乡创业。支持县城基础设施和公共服务补短板，增强县城综合承载能力，强化县级财力保障。适时调整扩大经济规模大、人口增长快的县级市和特大镇经济社会管理权限，稳妥推进人口小县机构优化。

Special Column 13: City Renewal and Metropolis Circle Construction

专栏13 城市更新和都市圈建设

01 Underground Pipeline Network Construction and Renovation

01 地下管网建设改造

Construct and renovate approximately 200,000 kilometers of urban gas pipelines, approximately 175,000 kilometers of drainage pipelines, approximately 175,000 kilometers of water supply pipelines, approximately 100,000 kilometers of sewage pipelines, and approximately 120,000 kilometers of heating pipelines, and simultaneously advance smart transformation. Construct comprehensive pipelines in a manner suited to local conditions.

建设改造城镇燃气管网约20 万公里、排水管网约17.5 万公里、供水管网约17.5 万公里、污水管网约10 万公里、供热管网约 12 万公里，同步推进智慧化改造。因地制宜建设综合管廊。

02 Elevation of Livable and Safe Living Levels

02 宜居安居水平提升

Taking Class C and Class D dangerous housing on state-owned land as the key focus, renovate approximately 500,000 sets (units) of urban dangerous and old housing. Renovate approximately 1.15 million old residential communities. On the basis of comprehensively understanding needs, develop guarantee housing in multiple channels in a manner suited to local conditions. Smoothly and orderly advance urban village renovation.

以国有土地上C、D级危险住房等为重点，改造城镇危旧房约50 万套（间）。改造老旧小区约11.5万个。在全面摸清需求基础上，因地制宜多渠道发展保障性住房。平稳有序推进城中村改造。

03 Old Street District and Factory District Renovation

03 老旧街区厂区改造

Advance the functional transformation, business type upgrading, and vitality elevation of old street districts, with market-based methods invigorate and utilize idle and inefficient factory districts, factories, and facilities, and update and renovate approximately 1,500 old street districts and factory districts.

推动老旧街区功能转换、业态升级、活力提升，以市场化方式盘活利用闲置低效厂区、厂房和设施，更新改造约1500 个老旧街区厂区。

04 Metropolitan Circle Urban-Rural Commuting Efficiency Elevation

04 都市圈城际通勤效率提升

Complete urban railways such as Beijing to Binhai new area and Shenzhen to Daya Bay, utilize existing railways to run urban-rural and metropolitan area (suburban) trains. Construct a batch of national highway metropolitan circle ring roads and circumferential ring road unopen sections.

建成北京至滨海新区、深圳至大亚湾等城际铁路，利用既有铁路开行城际和市域（郊）列车。建设一批国家高速公路都市圈环线及绕城环线待贯通路段。

Chapter 32: Strengthen Ocean Development, Utilization, and Protection

第三十二章 加强海洋开发利用保护

Adhere to the coordination of land and sea, elevate the capacity to govern the ocean, accelerate the construction of a maritime powerhouse, and advance along a path toward maritime power with Chinese characteristics.

坚持陆海统筹，提高经略海洋能力，加快建设海洋强国，走出一条具有中国特色的向海图强之路。

Section 1: Promote High-Quality Development of the Ocean Economy

第一节 推动海洋经济高质量发展

Strengthen and enlarge the ocean industry, orderly advance the development and utilization of ocean energy resources, develop deep-sea and distant-ocean aquaculture and modern distant-ocean fishery, consolidate and elevate the advantage of ocean equipment manufacturing industry, enlarge ocean biological pharmacy and sea water desalination and other ocean emerging industries, develop modern shipping service industry, and build ocean special culture and tourism destinations. Strengthen maritime strategic science and technology strength, strengthen ocean science and technology innovation, strengthen the deep-sea and polar exploration support and guarantee system, and develop distant-ocean meteorology and navigation services. Implement deep-sea engineering, and elevate the capacity for deep-sea entry, exploration, development, and safety. Elevate the development level of the northern, eastern, and southern ocean economic circles, optimize the layout of ocean economy development demonstration areas, construct each with their own characteristics of modern ocean cities, advance the deep integration of port, industry, and city development based on local conditions, and encourage coastal regions to strengthen ocean economy cooperation with inland regions. Strengthen the degree of financial, tax, and finance policy support, and optimize the ocean economy statistical monitoring system.

做强做优做大海洋产业，有序推进海洋能源资源开发利用，发展深远海养殖和现代化远洋渔业，巩固提升海洋装备制造业优势，壮大海洋生物医药、海水淡化等海洋新兴产业，发展现代航运服务业，打造海洋特色文化和旅游目的地。强化海洋战略科技力量，加强海洋科技创新，健全深海极地考察支撑保障体系，发展远洋气象导航服务。实施深海工程，提高深海进入、探测、开发、安全能力。提升北部、东部、南部海洋经济圈发展水平，优化海洋经济发展示范区布局，建设各具特色的现代海洋城市，因地制宜深化港产城融合发展，鼓励沿海地区与内陆地区加强海洋经济合作。加大财税、金融等政策支持力度，优化海洋经济统计监测体系。

Section 2: Protect Ocean Ecological Environment

第二节 保护海洋生态环境

Strengthen the source prevention and control of ocean environmental risks, advance pollution prevention and control in key sea areas, shore and beach management and protection and repair, and reach approximately 86% proportion of superior water quality in near-coastal sea areas. Strictly control enclosed sea-fill development, fully implement the protection requirements for natural coastlines, coastal wetlands, and uninhabited sea islands, and the preservation rate of natural coastlines on land shall not be lower than 35%. Strengthen the treatment and resourceful utilization of ocean garbage. Formulate differentiated standards and regulations for ocean use, actively advance stratified and three-dimensional ocean utilization. Strengthen the system for sea island development protection and management, classify and orderly advance sea island development. Implement a new round of comprehensive ocean investigation, strengthen the system for monitoring and early warning of ocean ecology, elevate the capacity to prevent and control major ocean disaster risks, and prevent and respond to seawater backwater invasion. Explore the implementation of ocean carbon sink accounting.

加强海洋环境风险源头防范，推进重点海域污染防治、岸滩整治和保护修复，近岸海域优良水质比例达到 86%左右。严格围填海管控，全面落实自然岸线、滨海湿地、无居民海岛等保护要求，大陆自然岸线保有率不低于 35%。强化海洋垃圾清理和资源化利用。制定差异化用海标准规范，积极推进海域分层立体利用。健全海岛开发保护管理体系，分类有序推进海岛发展。实施新一轮海洋综合调查，健全海洋生态预警监测体系，提高重大海洋灾害风险防控能力，防范应对海水倒灌。探索开展海洋碳汇核算。

Section 3: Safeguard National Ocean Rights and Interests

第三节 维护国家海洋权益

Actively construct an ocean community of shared destiny, expand blue partnership relations, and promote the construction of a just and reasonable international ocean order. Proactively participate in the formulation of international ocean governance rules, and actively implement biodiversity agreements on the ocean. Strengthen international cooperation in ocean scientific investigation, disaster prevention and reduction, blue economy, and other fields, continuously strengthen and perfect the multi-bilateral cooperation platforms and mechanisms in the ocean field, and promote the establishment of specialized international ocean organizations in our country. Strengthen ocean consciousness, strengthen situation analysis and judgment, risk prevention and control and legal and rationality struggle, strengthen the institutional mechanism for safeguarding ocean rights and interests, and elevate maritime law enforcement and maritime judicial capacity.

积极构建海洋命运共同体，拓展蓝色伙伴关系，推动建设公正合理的国际海洋秩序。主动参与国际海洋治理规则制定，积极履行海洋生物多样性协定。加强海洋科研调查、防灾减灾、蓝色经济等领域国际合作，持续完善海洋领域多双边合作平台和机制，推动在我国设立专门海洋国际组织。增强海洋意识，加强形势研判、风险防范和法理斗争，健全维护海洋权益的体制机制，提高海上执法和海事司法能力。

Part 10: Stimulating the Cultural Innovation and Creation Vitality of the Entire Nation and Promoting the Prosperous Development of Socialist Culture

Chapter 33: Promoting and Implementing Socialist Core Values

Guiding cultural construction through socialist core values, developing and strengthening mainstream values, mainstream public opinion, and mainstream culture, continuously constructing Chinese spirit, Chinese values, and Chinese strength.

用社会主义核心价值观引领文化建设，发展壮大主流价值、主流舆论、主流文化，不断构筑中国精神、中国价值、中国力量。

Section 1: Promoting the Normalization and Institutionalization of Ideal and Belief Education

Deepen the learning and promotional education of the Party’s innovative theories. Persist in using Xi Jinping’s new era socialist thought with Chinese characteristics to inspire hearts and cast souls. Strengthen systematic, academic research and interpretation and mass-oriented, popularized promotional dissemination. Firmly grasp the Party’s leadership over ideological work, and comprehensively implement the responsibility system for ideological work. Promote the spiritual spectrum of the Chinese Communist Party, and deepen patriotism, collectivism, and socialism education. Strengthen and improve ideological and political work, promote campus culture construction, make good use of red resources, and strengthen ideal and belief education for youth. Deepen systematic transformation of mainstream media, promote integration of news publicity and online public opinion management, and improve the guiding capacity of mainstream public opinion. Innovatively implement the Marxist theory research and construction project, implement the philosophy and social sciences innovation project, and accelerate the construction of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Strengthen the construction of new think tanks with Chinese characteristics.

深化党的创新理论学习和宣传教育，坚持不懈用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂，加强体系化、学理化研究阐释和大众化、通俗化宣传普及。牢牢掌握党对意识形态工作领导权，全面落实意识形态工作责任制。弘扬中国共产党人精神谱系，深化爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义教育。加强和改进思想政治工作，推进校园文化建设，用好红色资源，加强青少年理想信念教育。深化主流媒体系统性变革，推进新闻宣传和网络舆论一体化管理，提高主流舆论引导能力。创新实施马克思主义理论研究和建设工程，实施哲学社会科学创新工程，加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系。加强中国特色新型智库建设。

Section 2: Raising the Level of Social Civilization

Comprehensively advance urban and rural spiritual civilization construction, leverage culture’s role in cultivating hearts and refining sentiments, nurture the entire nation’s spirited and energetic temperament. Strengthen new era citizen moral construction, vigorously promote social morality, professional ethics, family virtue, and personal virtue, strengthen family, family education, and family conduct construction, and reinforce ideological and moral construction for minors. Promote integrity culture and clean governance culture. Leverage the exemplary leading role of advanced role models, strengthen learning and publicity of heroes and exemplary figures, and perfect the system for commendations and honors. Leverage the role of civic covenants and village regulations, and promote customs transformation. Improve the mechanisms for civilizational cultivation, civilizational practice, and civilizational creation work.

统筹推进城乡精神文明建设，发挥文化养心志、育情操的作用，涵养全民族昂扬奋发的精神气质。加强新时代公民道德建设，大力弘扬社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德、个人品德，加强家庭家教家风建设，强化未成年人思想道德建设。弘扬诚信文化、廉洁文化。发挥先进典型示范引领作用，加强英模人物学习宣传，完善功勋荣誉表彰体系。发挥市民公约、村规民约等作用，推进移风易俗。改进创新文明培育、文明实践、文明创建工作机制。

Section 3: Strengthening Digital Culture Construction

Enhance cultural governance capacity under information technology conditions, cultivate internet culture that is positive, healthy, and upward-oriented and virtuous. Strengthen internet content construction and management, and improve the effectiveness of transmitting the Party’s innovative theories and excellent traditional Chinese culture online. Strengthen the construction of an all-media transmission system, and construct work mechanisms and evaluation systems that adapt to all-media production and transmission. Improve the comprehensive governance pattern for internet ecology, perfect long-term mechanisms for internet ecological governance, standardize the production, information release, and dissemination processes of internet content, and urge internet enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities. Comprehensively advance the development and regulation of radio, television, and online audiovisual media.

提升信息化条件下文化领域治理能力，培育积极健康、向上向善的网络文化，共建网上美好精神家园。加强网络内容建设和管理，提升党的创新理论、中华优秀传统文化网上传播效能。加强全媒体传播体系建设，构建适应全媒体生产传播工作机制和评价体系。健全网络综合治理格局，完善网络生态治理长效机制，规范网络内容生产、信息发布和传播流程，督促互联网企业履行社会责任。统筹推进广播电视、网络视听发展和监管。

Chapter 34: Vigorously Prospering Cultural Undertakings

Perfect the public cultural service system, strengthen the protection, transmission, and utilization of excellent traditional culture, and enable the people to enjoy higher quality cultural life.

健全公共文化服务体系，加强优秀传统文化保护传承利用，让人民享受更高品质的文化生活。

Section 1: Prospering Cultural Creation and Production

Adhere to the people-centered creative orientation, take quality improvement as the lifeline of artistic creation, cultivate a sound cultural ecology, and enhance cultural original creation capacity. Improve the mechanisms for cultural and artistic creation services, guidance, and organization. Implement a series of new era artistic creation projects, promote the creation of fine works in news and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art, and other fields, and prosper new mass culture under internet conditions. Cultivate and form a large-scale, well-structured, innovative high-level cultural talent team. Deepen reforms of cultural enterprises, and perfect the mechanisms for building and developing artistic organizations. Deepen comprehensive management of the cultural and entertainment sectors.

坚持以人民为中心的创作导向，把提高质量作为文艺创作的生命线，营造良好文化生态，提升文化原创能力。改进文艺创作生产服务、引导、组织工作机制，实施新时代艺术创作系列工程，推动新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术等领域精品创作，繁荣互联网条件下新大众文艺。培育形成规模宏大、结构合理、锐意创新的高水平文化人才队伍。深化文化事业单位改革，完善文艺院团建设发展机制。深化文娱领域综合治理。

Section 2: Enhancing the Level of Public Cultural Services

Adhere to cultural benefits for the people, implement the quality enhancement and efficiency improvement action for public cultural services, and promote the direct delivery of high-quality cultural resources to grassroots areas. Broadly develop mass cultural activities, and strengthen the construction of community cultural art groups. Rely on city libraries, community cultural stations, cultural corridors, and other means to develop new public cultural spaces, and provide more cultural services at the community level. Activate and make good use of various public cultural facility resources, perfect mechanisms for social forces to participate in public cultural services, and orderly advance the separation of ownership and use rights in public cultural facility reforms. Enhance the effectiveness of smart museums, smart libraries, and public cultural cloud services. Deepen national reading activities, and advance the construction of a book-loving society. Strengthen the construction of new broadcasting and television networks, enhance ultra-high-definition content production and broadcast capacity, and address the charging and operational complexity issues of internet television “nesting boxes.”

坚持文化惠民，实施公共文化服务提质增效行动，促进优质文化资源直达基层。广泛开展群众性文化活动，加强群众文艺团队建设。依托城市书房、社区文化驿站、文化长廊等发展新型公共文化空间，提供更多群众身边的文化服务。盘活用好各类公共文化设施资源，健全社会力量参与公共文化服务机制，有序推进公共文化设施所有权和使用权分置改革。提升智慧博物馆、智慧图书馆、公共文化云服务效能。深化全民阅读活动，推进书香社会建设。加强新型广电网络建设，提升超高清内容制播能力，深化互联网电视“套娃”收费和操作复杂治理。

Section 3: Strengthening the Protection and Transmission of Cultural Heritage

Promote systematic protection of cultural heritage and unified regulation, advance management resource integration, and establish a cultural heritage protection supervision system. Deeply implement the inheritance and development project for excellent traditional Chinese culture, and construct the system of symbols of Chinese civilization. Implement the projects for exploring Chinese civilization and archaeology in China. Increase protection efforts for world cultural heritage, ancient sites and ruins, revolutionary cultural relics, museum collections, and cultural landscapes. Strengthen effective protection and living transmission of historically and culturally significant cities, streets, and villages. Build and make good use of the Great Wall, Grand Canal, Long March, Yellow River, and Yangtze River national cultural parks, and optimize the construction and management systems. Strengthen the protection of archival and documentary heritage and the emergency protection of ancient classics, and strengthen the inheritance of Chinese classics and documents. Enhance the level of protection and transmission of intangible cultural heritage, and cultivate new scenarios for transmission and experience. Strengthen and improve the work on local historical records.

推动文化遗产系统性保护和统一监管，推进管理资源整合，建立文化遗产保护督察制度。深入实施中华优秀传统文化传承发展工程，构建中华文明标识体系。实施中华文明探源和考古中国工程。加大世界文化遗产、古迹遗址、革命文物、馆藏文物、文化景观等保护力度，加强历史文化名城、街区、村镇有效保护和活态传承。建好用好长城、大运河、长征、黄河、长江国家文化公园，优化建设管理体制机制。强化档案文献遗产保护和古籍抢救性保护，加强中华典籍文献传承。提升非物质文化遗产保护传承水平，培育传承体验新场景。加强和改进地方志工作。

INSERT MAP FROM PAGE 86

Figure 2: Distribution Map of China’s World Heritage Sites / 图 2 中国世界遗产分布图

Legend / 图例: World Cultural Heritage / 世界文化遗产; World Cultural Heritage (serial heritage) / 世界文化遗产（系列遗产）; World Natural Heritage / 世界自然遗产; World Natural Heritage (serial heritage) / 世界自然遗产（系列遗产）; World Mixed Cultural and Natural Heritage / 世界自然文化双遗产; The Great Wall / 长城; The Grand Canal / 大运河; The Silk Road / 丝绸之路.

Chapter 35: Accelerating the Development of Cultural Industries

Perfect the cultural management system and production and operation mechanisms, implement proactive cultural economic policies, vigorously develop cultural tourism industries, and use culture to empower economic and social development.

完善文化管理体制和生产经营机制，实施积极的文化经济政策，大力发展文化旅游业，以文化赋能经济社会发展。

Section 1: Perfecting the Cultural Industry System and Market System

Implement the major cultural industry project-driven strategy, and expand the supply of high-quality cultural products. Transform and upgrade traditional cultural business forms, promote the integration of culture and technology, advance the digital intelligence transformation and information technology transformation of cultural construction. Develop new cultural business forms such as digital animation, immersive performances, online performances, short-form videos, and micro-dramas. Guide the healthy development of online literature, online games, online audiovisual and other media. Deeply implement the publishing integration development project, and deepen full-industry-chain reform and innovation. Cultivate excellent cultural enterprises and brands, and promote the standard and innovative development of cultural industry parks. Accelerate the construction of a unified, open, efficient, standardized, and orderly competitive cultural market, deeply advance the comprehensive law enforcement reform of the cultural market, and deepen institutional reforms in the areas of film and television production and online audiovisual media.

实施重大文化产业项目带动战略，扩大优质文化产品供给。改造提升传统文化业态，推进文化和科技融合，推动文化建设数智化赋能、信息化转型，发展数字动漫、沉浸式展演、线上演播、短视频、微短剧等新型文化业态，引导规范网络文学、网络游戏、网络视听等健康发展。深入实施出版融合发展工程，深化全产业链改革创新。培育优秀文化企业和品牌，促进文化产业园区规范创新发展。加快构建统一开放、高效规范、竞争有序的文化市场，深入推进文化市场综合执法改革，深化影视制作、网络视听等领域审批制度改革。

Section 2: Advancing Deep Integration of Culture and Tourism

Deepen the approach of “using culture to shape tourism and using tourism to manifest culture,” and advance the construction of a tourism-strong nation. Enrich the supply of high-quality tourism products, explore distinctive resources and cultural connotations, and actively promote multi-business-form integrated development. Based on local conditions, develop red tourism, rural tourism, health and wellness tourism, industrial tourism, and other forms. Standardize the development of research and study tourism, cultivate distinctive thematic tourism routes and premium tourism performance projects. Perfect tourist public services, and raise the quality of tourism services across the full chain. Strengthen the standardized management of cultural tourism projects, and prevent idleness and waste. Strengthen comprehensive supervision and safety management of the tourism market, and improve the tourism consumption experience. Implement the inbound tourism promotion plan, and raise the level of inbound tourism convenience and internationalization.

深化以文塑旅、以旅彰文，推进旅游强国建设。丰富高品质旅游产品供给，深挖特色资源和文化内涵，积极推动多业态融合发展。因地制宜发展红色旅游、乡村旅游、康养旅游、工业旅游等，规范发展研学旅游，培育特色主题旅游线路和旅游演艺精品项目。完善旅游公共服务，全链条提高旅游服务质量。加强文旅项目建设规范管理，防止闲置浪费。加强旅游市场综合监管和安全管理，改善旅游消费体验。实施入境旅游促进计划，提升入境游便利化国际化水平。

Chapter 36: Enhancing the Transmission Power and Influence of Chinese Civilization

Accelerate the construction of a Chinese discourse and narrative system, enhance the effectiveness of international communication, strengthen external cultural exchanges and cooperation, and display a China that is trustworthy, lovable, and respectable.

加快构建中国话语和中国叙事体系，提升国际传播效能，加强对外文化交流合作，展现可信、可爱、可敬的中国形象。

Section 1: Constructing a More Effective International Communication System

Perfect the international communication system and mechanisms, innovate communication carriers and methods, expand overseas communication networks, construct a multi-channel, three-dimensional international communication pattern, and comprehensively enhance international discourse power. Cultivate globalized, market-oriented, specialized international communication subjects, enhance the international communication capacity of mainstream media, construct an international communication matrix for radio, television, and audiovisual media, promote the internationalization of social media platforms, and advance global, regional, and audience-segmented expressions of Chinese stories and voices. Encourage the international operations of cultural enterprises, promote the international competitiveness of quality online literature, online games, film and television animation, and premium exhibitions, and strengthen the construction of key bases for international communication and national cultural export bases.

完善国际传播体制机制，创新传播载体和方式，拓展海外传播网络，构建多渠道、立体式对外传播格局，全面提升国际话语权。培育全球化、市场化、专业化的国际传播主体，增强主流媒体国际传播能力，构建广电视听媒体国际传播矩阵，促进社交媒体平台国际化发展，推动中国故事和中国声音全球化、区域化、分众化表达。鼓励文化企业国际化经营，推动优质网络文学、网络游戏、影视动漫、精品展览等出海，加强国际传播重点基地、国家文化出口基地建设。

Section 2: Deepening Civilizational Exchange and Mutual Learning

Broadly conduct international people-to-people exchange and cooperation, strengthen multi-level civilizational dialogue, and promote Chinese culture to better reach the world. Host the Global Civilization Dialogue Conference, and continue to hold the Liangzhu Forum. Conduct brand activities such as “Understanding China” and the “Orchid Award,” and host the Chinese Culture and Tourism Year (Festival) and overseas Chinese film festivals and exhibitions. Strengthen international development assistance in the field of cultural heritage, and deepen international cooperation in cultural relic retrieval and recovery. Support the dissemination and display of Chinese culture and the development of overseas Chinese studies. Strengthen regional and country-specific research.

广泛开展国际人文交流合作，加强多层次文明对话，推动中华文化更好走向世界。举办全球文明对话大会，持续办好良渚论坛。开展“读懂中国”、“兰花奖”等品牌活动，办好中国文化和旅游年（节）、海外中国电影节展。加强文化遗产领域国际发展援助，深化文物追索返还国际合作。支持中华文化传播展示和海外中国学发展。加强区域国别研究。

Special Column 14: Prosperous Development of Socialist Culture

专栏14 社会主义文化繁荣发展

01 Party Innovation Theory Research and Interpretation

Continuously edit and publish important works such as “Selected Readings of Xi Jinping” and “Xi Jinping on Governance of China,” compile and revise topic-area thought outline summaries, learning guides, and Q&A series of Xi Jinping’s new era socialist thought with Chinese characteristics, and strengthen foreign language translation and publication and overseas dissemination.

持续编辑出版《习近平著作选读》、《习近平谈治国理政》等重要著作，编写修订习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想分领域思想概论、学习纲要、学习问答等系列理论读物，加强对外翻译出版和海外传播。

02 Guiding and Supporting Artistic Fine Works Creation

Deeply implement the “Five Ones” project for spiritual civilization construction, the national art collection plan, and the drama revitalization action plan. Advance new era mountain countryside transformation creation projects and new era literary scaling projects. Organize the creation of 100 new era documentary classics, 100 excellent animated works, and series of excellent film and television programs and micro-dramas.

深入实施精神文明建设“五个一工程”、国家美术典藏计划、戏剧振兴行动计划。推进新时代山乡巨变创作、新时代文学攀登等项目。组织创作100 部新时代经典纪录片、100 部优秀动画作品和系列优秀影视节目、微短剧。

03 Public Cultural Facility Construction

Complete the new buildings of the Central Archives, the National Natural History Museum, and the National Document Reserve Library, and construct the National Art Museum. Enhance the service levels of public libraries, cultural centers, and new public cultural spaces, and implement improvement plans for small and medium-sized museums.

建成中央档案馆新馆、国家自然博物馆新馆、国家文献储备库，建设国家美术馆。提升公共图书馆、文化馆和新型公共文化空间服务水平，实施中小博物馆提升计划。

04 Cultural Heritage Protection, Transmission, and Utilization

Construct the National Cultural Heritage Science and Technology Innovation Center and the National Xia-Shang Civilization Archaeological Research Center. Strengthen systematic protection of the Hexi Corridor national cultural heritage route and the Shu Road and Qin Direct Road. Implement the “Chinese Construction” key project. Systematically advance the protection, organization, and publication of important documents such as the “Yongle Encyclopedia,” Dunhuang documents, and bamboo slip documents. Implement plans for the restoration and repair of important revolutionary former residences and the restoration of museum revolutionary cultural relics. Construct the national cultural heritage big data database. Protect and enhance world cultural heritage and a number of historically and culturally significant cities, streets, and villages.

建设国家文化遗产科技创新中心、国家夏商文明考古研究中心。加强河西走廊国家文化遗产线路和蜀道、秦直道等整体性保护。实施“中国营造”重点计划。系统推进《永乐大典》、敦煌文献、简牍文献保护整理出版。实施重要革命旧址维修和馆藏革命文物修复计划。建设国家文物资源大数据库。保护提升世界文化遗产和一批历史文化名城、街区、村镇。

05 Deep Integration and Development of Culture and Tourism

Based on high-quality cultural resources, activate and utilize existing facilities, strengthen the construction of tourism and leisure cities and streets, cultivate a number of high-quality tourist scenic areas and resort destinations, and build a number of premium tourism routes and products.

依托优质文化资源，盘活利用存量设施，加强旅游休闲城市和街区建设，培育一批高品质旅游景区和度假区，打造一批精品旅游线路和产品。

Part 11: Perfecting the Population Development Strategy and Promoting High-Quality Population Development

With addressing population aging and low fertility as the focal point, perfect the population development strategy, establish a population service system covering all people across the entire lifecycle, optimize population structure, and improve population quality, with high-quality population development supporting Chinese-style modernization.

以应对人口老龄化、少子化为重点完善人口发展战略，健全覆盖全人群、全生命周期的人口服务体系，优化人口结构，提高人口素质，以人口高质量发展支撑中国式现代化。

Chapter 37: Building a Childbirth-Friendly Society

Optimize fertility support policies and incentive measures, effectively reduce the family costs of fertility, childrearing, and education, strive to stabilize the scale of newborn population, and promote long-term balanced population development.

优化生育支持政策和激励措施，有效降低家庭生育养育教育成本，努力稳定新出生人口规模，促进人口长期均衡发展。

Section 1: Perfecting Fertility Support Policies

Adhere to a fertility-friendly policy orientation, and promote the integration of fertility support into all aspects of economic and social development. Leverage the role of childcare subsidies and policies for individual income tax deductions for infant and young child care and children’s education. Explore the establishment of a dynamic adjustment mechanism for subsidy standards. Expand the coverage of the maternity insurance system, reasonably enhance the level of medical expense protection for prenatal examinations, and basically achieve zero personal payment for in-hospital childbirth within the policy scope. Include appropriate labor pain relief items in the coverage scope. Fully implement the fertility leave system, and encourage employers to implement flexible work arrangements for parents of infants and young children under three years old. Strengthen fertility capacity protection, implement an early pregnancy care initiative, and implement fetal health and birth defect prevention capability enhancement plans. Reduce infant mortality rate and maternal mortality rate to below 3.5 per thousand and 12 per 100,000 respectively. Advance the standardized and orderly application of assisted reproductive technology, and strengthen medical expense protection. Explore providing subsidies for infants and young children to participate in basic medical insurance.

坚持生育友好的政策取向，推动生育支持融入经济社会发展各项政策。发挥育儿补贴和婴幼儿照护、子女教育个人所得税专项附加扣除政策作用，探索建立补贴标准动态调整机制。扩大生育保险制度覆盖面，合理提升产前检查医疗费用保障水平，基本实现政策范围内住院分娩个人“无自付”，将适宜的分娩镇痛项目纳入保障范围。全面落实生育休假制度，鼓励用人单位对 3 岁以下婴幼儿父母职工实行弹性工作制。加强生育力保护，实施早孕关爱行动、孕育和出生缺陷防治能力提升计划，婴儿死亡率、孕产妇死亡率分别下降到 3.5‰、12/10 万以下。推进辅助生殖技术规范有序应用，加强医疗费用保障。探索对婴幼儿参加基本医疗保险提供资助。

Section 2: Perfecting the System for Childcare Services

Accelerate the construction of an inclusive childcare service system, and expand service resource supply through multiple channels. Strengthen the supply of publicly-funded childcare positions, support kindergartens in developing integrated childcare and early childhood services, and encourage the enrollment of children aged 2-3. Support social forces in providing diversified inclusive childcare services, develop employer-run childcare, community-embedded childcare, and family childcare points and other varied models. Deeply carry out childcare service subsidy demonstration pilots, and perfect the mechanism for forming prices for inclusive childcare services. Implement the childcare service quality enhancement action, and improve the safety and standardization of childcare services.

加快普惠托育服务体系建设，多渠道扩大服务资源供给。加强公办托位供给，支持幼儿园发展托幼一体化服务，鼓励招收 2—3 岁幼儿。支持社会力量提供多元化普惠托育服务，发展用人单位办托、社区嵌入式托育和家庭托育点等多种模式。深入开展托育服务补助示范试点，完善普惠托育服务价格形成机制。实施托育服务质量提升行动，提高托育服务安全性和规范性。

Section 3: Perfecting Family Development Policies and a Childbirth-Friendly Environment

Establish and perfect a policy system supporting family development, and advocate for timely childbearing and marriage, optimal childbearing practices, and spouses sharing childcare responsibilities. Foster new styles of marriage and childbirth culture, advocate positive attitudes toward marriage and childbearing, and effectively address the problem of feudal practices in marriage and funeral rites. Support families with multiple children having children attend the same school. Bias housing security and home purchase policies toward families with multiple children. Promote the transformation of public spaces to be child-friendly and the provision of mother-baby facilities. Implement the family education promotion law, leverage the role of community parent schools, and strengthen family education guidance services. Establish and perfect a comprehensive support and protection system for families with special circumstances related to family planning. Strengthen comprehensive management of the sex ratio of births. Perfect the population monitoring system and early warning system for population development forecasts.

健全支持家庭发展的政策体系，提倡适龄婚育、优生优育和夫妻共担育儿责任。培育新型婚育文化，倡导积极婚育观，有效治理婚丧嫁娶中的陋习等问题。支持多子女家庭子女同校就读，住房保障和购房政策向多子女家庭倾斜。推动公共空间适儿化改造和母婴设施配备。实施家庭教育促进法，发挥社区家长学校等作用，加强家庭教育指导服务。健全计划生育特殊家庭全方位帮扶保障制度。加强出生人口性别比综合治理。完善人口监测体系和预测预警制度。

Chapter 38: Providing Quality Education Satisfactory to the People

Adhere to prioritizing development of education, implement the fundamental task of moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education. Deepen comprehensive education reforms, establish an education resource allocation mechanism that adapts to population changes, and construct a high-quality education system that cultivates socialist builders and successors with all-around moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor development.

坚持教育优先发展，落实立德树人根本任务，深化教育综合改革，健全与人口变化相适应的教育资源配置机制，建设高质量教育体系，培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。

Section 1: Implementing the New Era Moral and Intellectual Education Project

Persist in using Xi Jinping’s new era socialist thought with Chinese characteristics to inspire hearts and educate people. Strengthen the construction of “comprehensive ideological and political education,” perfect the curriculum and teaching materials system, and comprehensively implement the new era higher education ideological and political education curriculum plan. Deeply implement quality education, and promote healthy student growth and all-around development. Innovate practical education forms, establish university student social practice specialized courses, and establish national conditions research and study systems in primary and secondary schools. Promote effective integration of ideological and political education classrooms with social classrooms. Implement the student physical fitness strengthening plan, launch school aesthetic education permeation actions, carry out labor habit cultivation plans, and popularize mental health education. Establish and perfect a comprehensive student assistance system covering all educational levels. Implement the national common language and literacy popularization offensive and quality enhancement action. Promote the educator spirit, strengthen teacher moral conduct and professional ethics construction, and provide teacher compensation guarantees. Implement the teacher education capacity enhancement project, and cultivate and develop a high-level teacher team. Establish and perfect the collaborative education mechanism of schools, families, and society. Deepen education evaluation reform, and establish differentiated management and evaluation mechanisms. Guide the standardized development of private education.

坚持不懈用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想铸魂育人，加强“大思政课”建设，完善课程教材体系，全面实施新时代高校思政课课程方案，深入实施素质教育，促进学生健康成长、全面发展。创新实践育人形式，建设大学生社会实践专门课程，建立中小学校国情研学制度，促进思政课堂和社会课堂有效融合。实施学生体质强健计划，开展学校美育浸润行动、劳动习惯养成计划，普及心理健康教育。完善覆盖全学段学生资助体系。实施国家通用语言文字普及攻坚和质量提升行动。弘扬教育家精神，强化师德师风建设和教师待遇保障，实施教师教育能力提升工程，培养造就高水平教师队伍。健全学校家庭社会协同育人机制。深化教育评价改革，建立差异化管理和评价机制。引导规范民办教育发展。

Section 2: Advancing Quality Enhancement and Expansion of Basic Education

Strengthen cross-segment dynamic adjustment and allocation of surplus and deficit resources in basic education. Expand educational resource supply in cities with net inflows of school-age population. Advance the balanced and high-quality development of compulsory education, strengthen the regional coordination and exchange rotation of principals and teachers, and run necessary small-scale rural schools. Advance the high-quality and inclusive development of preschool education, raise the proportion of publicly-funded kindergarten positions. Raise the gross enrollment rate of preschool education to 95%. Expand the institutional resources for ordinary high schools. Deeply implement county-level ordinary high school revitalization programs. Achieve a 88% completion rate for high school-stage education. Steadily expand the scope of free education, and explore extending the period of compulsory education. Orderly advance junior high school examination reform, expand the proportion of quality high school enrollment quotas allocated to schools, and support areas with conditions in conducting balanced lottery-based enrollment pilot programs. Comprehensively advance the “dual reduction” policy and education quality enhancement. Establish and perfect protection mechanisms for special education and specialized education.

加强基础教育资源跨学段动态调整和余缺调配，扩大学龄人口净流入城镇的教育资源供给。推进义务教育优质均衡发展，加强校长、教师区域内统筹调配、交流轮岗，办好必要的乡村小规模学校。推进学前教育优质普惠发展，提高公办幼儿园学位占比，学前教育毛入园率提高到 95%。扩大普通高中办学资源，深入实施县域普通高中振兴计划，高中阶段教育完成率达到 88%。稳步扩大免费教育范围，探索延长义务教育年限。有序推进中考改革，扩大优质高中招生指标到校比例，支持有条件的地方开展均衡派位招生试点。统筹推进“双减”和教育教学质量提升。健全特殊教育、专门教育保障机制。

Section 3: Advancing Quality Enhancement and Scale Expansion of Higher Education

In accordance with basic institutional positioning as research-focused, application-oriented, and skills-focused institutions, comprehensively advance higher education reform and development in a classified manner. Orderly expand the recruitment scale of high-quality undergraduate education and cultivate graduate students with science, engineering, agriculture, and medicine as the main focus. Achieve a 65% gross enrollment rate for higher education, and steadily improve the proportion of undergraduate recruitment and the proportion of graduate education levels in higher education in-school populations. Vigorously develop professional degree graduate education, and raise the proportion of engineering master’s and doctoral graduates. Expand high-quality higher education resources through multiple channels, and increase the construction efforts of high-level research universities. Strengthen applied bachelor’s degree institutions. Appropriately bias new higher education resources toward provinces with large populations and central and western regions. Research the timely adjustment of per capita education expenditure standards for undergraduate students, and continuously improve basic educational conditions such as student dormitories. Expand high-level education opening to the outside world, and encourage high-level foreign science and engineering universities to cooperate in establishing institutions in China. Strengthen the construction of the “Study in China” brand and capacity. Deeply implement the education digitalization strategy. Optimize lifelong learning public services, and perfect the national open university system.

按照研究型、应用型、技能型等基本办学定位，分类推进高校改革发展。以理工农医类专业为主有序扩大优质本科教育招生规模和研究生培养规模，高等教育毛入学率达到 65%，稳步提高本科招生比例和研究生教育层次占高等教育在校生比例。大力发展专业学位研究生教育，提高工程硕博士培养比重。多渠道扩大优质高等教育资源，加大高水平研究型大学建设力度，建强应用型本科高校。新增高等教育资源适度向人口大省和中西部地区倾斜。研究适时调整本科生人均教育经费标准，持续改善学生宿舍等基本办学条件。扩大高水平教育对外开放，鼓励国外高水平理工类大学来华合作办学，加强“留学中国”品牌和能力建设。深入实施教育数字化战略。优化终身学习公共服务，完善国家开放大学体系。

Section 4: Enhancing the Institutional Capacity of Vocational Schools

Advance the construction of the modern vocational education system, and improve the quality and attractiveness of vocational education institutions. Optimize vocational education layout that is coordinated with regional development and aligned with industrial distribution. Advance the alignment of professional settings with the demands of industrial and innovation chains. Deepen reforms in secondary vocational education, run excellent secondary vocational schools, and establish distinct, high-quality secondary vocational schools. Support integrated secondary and tertiary vocational development. Establish a batch of high-level bachelor-degree-level vocational schools, and advance the integration and convergence of vocational education bachelor programs and professional degree education. Implement talent training models that integrate production and education, establish mechanisms for combining German-style apprenticeships and theory/practice combination education. Encourage industry-leading enterprises to establish or participate in establishing vocational schools.

推进现代职业教育体系建设，提高职业教育办学质量和吸引力。优化与区域发展相协调、与产业布局相衔接的职业教育布局，推动专业设置紧密对接产业链创新链需求。深化中等职业教育改革，办好少而精的中等职业学校，建设特色鲜明高等职业学校，支持中高职一体化发展。建设一批高水平本科层次职业学校，推动职业教育本科与专业学位教育融合贯通。实行产教融合的人才培养模式，健全德技并修、工学结合育人机制，鼓励行业龙头企业举办或参与举办职业学校。

Special Column 15: Building a High-Quality Education System

专栏15 高质量教育体系建设

01 Expanding and Improving Basic Education

Ensure the effective supply of inclusive preschool education resources. Achieve full coverage of standardization construction in compulsory education schools. With focus on areas with large resident populations and areas experiencing net population inflow, establish 1,000 or more quality ordinary high schools. Support secondary schools in equipment upgrades for experimental instruments, and establish a number of ordinary high schools with distinct characteristics in high-level science education.

保障普惠性学前教育资源有效供给。实现义务教育学校标准化建设全覆盖。以常住人口多的地区和人口流入地为重点，建设1000 所以上优质普通高中。支持中学实验仪器设备提档升级，建设一批以高水平科学教育为特色的普通高中。

02 Expanding Quality Higher Education Resources

Support the construction of new campuses for a number of “Double First-Class” universities. Increase undergraduate enrollment at “Double First-Class” universities by more than 100,000. Establish approximately 200 high-level applied bachelor’s degree universities, and construct a number of quality distinctive subject-specific and professional programs at universities with conditions. Target the central and western and northeastern regions by constructing high-level research institutes. Implement the national fundamental research innovation enhancement project, and construct a number of national interdisciplinary centers and national training academies for outstanding innovative talents targeting key fields. Leverage the national excellent engineers academy to strengthen a number of engineers and technology centers, and complete approximately 150 national production-education integration innovation platforms.

支持建设若干“双一流”高校新校区，“双一流”高校本科招生数增加 10 万人以上，建设200 所左右高水平应用型本科高校、在有条件的高校建设若干优质特色学科专业。面向中西部、东北等地区布局建设高等研究院。实施国家基础研究创新提升工程，面向重点领域建设若干国家交叉学科中心和国家拔尖创新人才培养学院。依托国家卓越工程师学院建强一批工程师技术中心，建成150个左右国家产教融合创新平台。

03 Building the Modern Vocational Education System

Establish approximately 60 high-level higher vocational schools and approximately 160 high-level professional groups. Support the construction of quality secondary vocational schools and professions. Establish a number of quality technician colleges and 100 quality professions. With focus on integrated circuits, artificial intelligence, low-altitude economy, and other key industries and modern service industries, establish 200 production-education integration training bases, and support a number of high-level vocational institutions in updating advanced training equipment.

建设 60 所左右高水平高等职业学校和 160 个左右高水平专业群，支持优质中等职业学校和专业建设。建设一批优质技师学院和100 个优质专业。聚焦集成电路、人工智能、低空经济等重点产业和现代服务业，建设200 个产教融合实训基地，支持一批高水平职业院校更新先进实训设备。

04 Addressing Shortcomings in Special Education

Advance the standardization construction of special education schools, fully leverage existing resources, support counties in establishing special education schools meeting standards where there is demand, and support large cities in establishing special education schools for autistic children. Encourage the integration of education and therapy. Incorporate special education into the mandatory curriculum of teacher education students.

推进特殊教育学校标准化建设，充分依托存量资源，支持有需求的县办好达到标准的特殊教育学校，支持人口规模大的城市建设孤独症儿童特殊教育学校，鼓励康教融合。将特殊教育纳入师范类学生必修课程。

Chapter 39: Accelerating the Construction of Healthy China

Implement the health-first development strategy, establish a system of health promotion policies and institutions, enhance the effectiveness of patriotic health initiatives, and advance a transformation from disease treatment as the center to health as the center. Provide the people with fair, accessible, systematic, and continuous health services, and improve the health level of the people.

实施健康优先发展战略，健全健康促进政策制度体系，提升爱国卫生运动成效，推动从以治病为中心向以健康为中心转变，为人民群众提供公平可及、系统连续的健康服务，提高人民健康水平。

Section 1: Perfecting the Public Health System

Strengthen public health capacity, deepen social co-governance, coordinate medicine and disease prevention, and promote the integration of medicine and disease prevention. Establish and perfect systems for transmissible disease prevention and control, emergency response, medical treatment and rescue, material guarantees, and supervision and management. Strengthen disease control system construction, and enhance transmissible disease monitoring and early warning and epidemiological survey capacity. Perfect the public health laboratory network, and establish a stratified, layered, and diverted medical treatment system. Strengthen prevention and control of major transmissible diseases, and perfect联防联控mechanisms. Dynamically optimize the national immunization plan vaccine varieties. Perfect emergency medical rescue and pre-hospital emergency care systems, and raise blood supply guarantees and emergency response capacity. Strengthen mental health and psychiatry services, strengthen the early identification and comprehensive intervention of common mental disorders and psychological problems in key populations. Strengthen occupational disease prevention and treatment. Implement rational diet initiatives and national nutrition plans, and continuously conduct health weight management initiatives.

强化公共卫生能力，深化社会共治、医防协同、医防融合，建立健全传染病预防控制、应急处置、医疗救治、物资保障和监督管理体系。加强疾控体系建设，提升传染病监测预警和流行病学调查能力，完善公共卫生实验室网络，建设分级分层分流救治体系。加强重大传染病防控，完善联防联控机制。动态优化国家免疫规划疫苗种类。健全紧急医学救援和院前急救体系，提升血液保障和应急能力。加强心理健康和精神卫生服务，强化重点人群常见精神障碍和心理问题早期发现与综合干预。加强职业病防治。实施合理膳食行动与国民营养计划，持续开展健康体重管理行动。

Section 2: Constructing an Excellent and Efficient Medical Service System

Optimize the functional positioning and layout of medical institutions, and perfect the stratified medical treatment system. Promote the expansion and downward distribution of excellent medical resources and balanced regional layout, and steadily and orderly advance the construction of national medical centers. Promote the quality enhancement and efficiency improvement of national regional medical centers. Implement the medical and health strengthening of grassroots bases project, and strengthen the operational guarantees for county and township medical institutions at the grassroots level. Basically realize full coverage of county-level medical communities, and enhance the tightness and coordination of integration. Advance the construction of tight urban medical groups, establish a rotating medical care system, improve the coverage rate and satisfaction of family doctor services, and raise the diagnostic volume proportion of grassroots medical institutions and rationally increase drug variety configuration. Strengthen comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases, and develop a full-chain service system integrating prevention, treatment, and health management. Establish and perfect the system for early screening, early diagnosis, and early treatment. Reduce the premature mortality rate of major chronic diseases to below 13%. Expand the supply of rehabilitation nursing and comfort care services, and implement the rehabilitation nursing expansion and enhancement project. Strengthen the construction of comprehensive doctors, licensed physicians, and nursing teams. Raise the level of normalized training for resident physicians. Advance the construction of comprehensive health data intelligence, and promote the sharing and mutual recognition of inspection and examination results.

优化医疗机构功能定位和布局，完善分级诊疗体系。促进优质医疗资源扩容下沉和区域均衡布局，稳步有序推进国家医学中心建设，推动国家区域医疗中心提质增效。实施医疗卫生强基工程，加强县区、基层医疗机构运行保障，基本实现县域医共体全覆盖、提升紧密性协同性，推进紧密型城市医疗集团建设，健全巡回医疗制度，提高家庭医生服务覆盖率和感受度，提升基层医疗卫生机构诊疗量占比、合理增加药品品种配备。加强慢性病综合防控，发展防治康管全链条服务，健全早筛早诊早治体系，重大慢性病过早死亡率下降到 13%以下。扩大康复护理、安宁疗护服务供给，实施康复护理扩容提升工程。加强全科医生、执业医师和护士队伍建设，提高住院医师规范化培训水平。推进全民健康数智化建设，推动检验检查结果共享互认。

Section 3: Perfecting the Coordinated Development and Governance Mechanism of Medicine, Medical Insurance, and Pharmaceuticals

Deepen the reform of the health and medicine system, and promote unified objectives, policy coordination, information connectivity, and regulatory coordination. With public benefit as the orientation, deepen public hospital reforms, establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for public hospital staffing, establish fee mechanisms centered on medical service provision as the primary driver, perfect compensation systems, and standardize the professional conduct of medical institutions and health personnel. Strengthen legal guarantees in the health and medicine sectors. Guide and standardize the development of private hospitals. Deepen medical insurance payment method reform, optimize the use of surplus funds, perfect differentiated payment policies for different-level medical institutions, and reduce individual out-of-pocket costs for insurance participants while improving the use efficiency of medical insurance funds. Establish and perfect the drug price formation mechanism, and perfect policies for the centralized procurement of drugs and medical consumables. Optimize the evaluation and approval of innovative drugs and clinically-needed drugs. Establish and perfect mechanisms for medical insurance support for the high-quality development of innovative drugs and medical devices, improve the innovative drug directory, and encourage commercial insurance to expand the coverage for innovative drug payments.

深化医药卫生体制改革，促进目标统一、政策衔接、信息联通、监管联动。以公益性为导向深化公立医院改革，建立公立医院编制动态调整机制，健全以医疗服务为主导的收费机制，完善薪酬制度，规范医疗机构和医务人员执业行为，加强医疗卫生领域法治保障。引导规范民营医院发展。深化医保支付方式改革，优化结余资金使用，完善不同层级医疗机构差异化支付政策，减轻参保者个人费用负担，提高医保基金使用效率。健全药品价格形成机制，完善药品和医用耗材集中采购政策。优化创新药和临床急需药品审评审批，健全医保支持创新药和医疗器械高质量发展机制，完善创新药目录，鼓励商业保险扩大创新药支付范围。

Section 4: Advancing the Inheritance and Innovation of Chinese Medicine

Promote the revitalization and development of Chinese medicine, and promote the integration of Chinese and Western medicine. Establish and perfect the Chinese medicine service system, enhance the capacity for Chinese medicine services at the grassroots level, strengthen the construction of advantageous Chinese medicine specialties, and develop integrated Chinese and Western medicine collaborative services. Promote scientific and technological innovation in Chinese medicine, and implement the special talent cultivation project for Chinese medicine. Strengthen the protection and utilization of Chinese medicinal resources and the construction of production bases for authentic medicinal materials, promote the excavation and transformation of Chinese medicine formulas and classical formulations, improve the quality of Chinese medicine, and develop and strengthen the Chinese medicine industry. Advance the reform of medical insurance payment methods suited to the characteristics of Chinese medicine. Promote Chinese medicine culture, and advance Chinese medicine going to the world.

推动中医药振兴发展，促进中西医结合。健全中医药服务体系，提升基层中医药服务能力，加强中医优势专科建设，发展中西医协同服务。促进中医药科技创新，实施中医药特色人才培养工程。加强中药资源保护利用和道地药材生产基地建设，加强中药制剂、经典名方发掘转化，提高中药质量，做大做强中医药产业。推进符合中医药特点的医保支付方式改革。弘扬中医药文化，推动中医药走向世界。

Section 5: Accelerating the Construction of Sports Power

Actively develop mass sports, extensively conduct national fitness activities, and strengthen the dissemination and popularization of fitness for youth. Achieve an approximately 40% participation rate in regular physical exercise. Establish and perfect the public service system for national fitness, and strengthen the layout and construction of sports facilities at the grassroots level. Reform and perfect the management systems and operational mechanisms of competitive sports, strengthen the cultivation of reserve talent and the research and development of sports science and technology equipment. Improve the overall strength of competitive sports. Make quality preparations for major international competitions, and hold the National Games successfully. Advance the revitalization and development of the “three major ball sports,” and deepen reforms in the soccer sector. Enrich the supply of high-quality sports products and services, encourage the development of competitions and events economies, and advance the opening of water areas, airspace, and mountainous areas to outdoor sports in a safe and orderly manner. Continuously consolidate and expand the results of “mobilizing 300 million people to participate in ice and snow sports,” and promote the high-quality development of the sports industry.

积极发展群众体育，广泛开展全民健身活动，强化青少年健身普及，经常参加体育锻炼人数比例达到 40%左右。完善全民健身公共服务体系，加强群众身边的场地设施布局建设。改革完善竞技体育管理体制和运行机制，加强后备人才培养和体育科技装备研发，提高竞技体育综合实力。高质量备战重大国际赛事，办好全运会。推进“三大球”振兴发展，深化足球领域改革。丰富优质体育产品和服务供给，鼓励发展赛事经济，推进水域、空域、山地等向户外运动安全有序开放，持续巩固和扩大“带动三亿人参与冰雪运动”成果，推动体育产业高质量发展。

Special Column 16: Healthy China Construction

专栏16 健康中国建设

01 Public Health Capacity Construction

Enhance the comprehensive capacity of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Strengthen the construction of the national emergency medical rescue base. Arrange the establishment of 10 national regional blood safety centers.

提升中国疾病预防控制中心综合能力。加强国家紧急医学救援基地建设。布局建设10 个国家区域血液安全中心。

02 Quality Medical Service Enhancement

Focus on key diseases and strengthen the construction of high-level hospitals. Support 60 provincial quality hospitals in raising their clinical treatment levels. Promote the renovation of patient rooms and medical equipment updates for hospitals with old facilities and equipment.

聚焦重点病种加强高水平医院建设，支持 60 个省域优质医院提升临床诊疗水平。推动病房设施和设备老旧的医院开展病房改造、医疗设备更新。

03 Medical and Health Strengthening of Grassroots Bases

Support 1,000 tight county-level medical communities in their construction. Advance the quality enhancement and upgrades of county-level hospitals and key central township health centers. Strengthen resource sharing among county medical imaging, electrocardiogram diagnosis, medical laboratory, disinfection and supply, drug supply, and pharmacy services.

支持 1000 个紧密型县域医共体建设，推进县级医院、重点中心乡镇卫生院提质升级，加强县区医学影像、心电诊断、医学检验、消毒供应、药品供应和药学服务等资源共享。

04 National Medical Center Construction

Surrounding high-level key specialty directions, support the construction of a number of national medical centers to enhance the capacity for difficult and critical disease diagnosis and treatment, clinical technology leadership, medical research transformation, and leading talent cultivation.

围绕高水平重点专科方向，支持若干国家医学中心建设，提升疑难危重疾病诊治、临床技术引领、医学科研转化和领军人才培养能力。

05 Addressing Shortcomings in Medical Services for Key Populations

Support secondary hospitals with conditions in providing rehabilitation and nursing services. Support the construction of provincial and regional key city-level mental health service institutions. Strengthen pediatric service capacity construction in medical and health institutions.

支持有条件的二级医院提供康复和护理服务。支持省级和重点地市级精神卫生服务机构建设。加强医疗卫生机构儿科服务能力建设。

06 Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation

Support the construction of national Chinese medicine inheritance and innovation centers, Chinese-Western medicine integrated flagship hospitals, and centers for Chinese medicine advantageous specialties. Better leverage the distinctive advantages and functions of Chinese medicine.

支持建设国家中医药传承创新中心、中西医协同旗舰医院和中医优势专科中心，更好发挥中医药独特优势和作用。

07 Sports Venue and Facility Construction

Implement the mass sports space expansion plan. Encourage areas with conditions to develop “golden corners and silver edges” and establish more convenient and accessible sports facilities. Focus on soccer and other sports to support the construction of youth competitive sports training facilities. Promote the construction of 100 high-quality outdoor sports destinations in areas such as ice-snow and mountains.

实施群众运动空间扩容计划，鼓励有条件的地方挖掘“金角银边”，建设更加便利可及的体育设施。以足球等为重点，支持青少年竞技体育训练设施建设。推动建设冰雪、山地等100 个高质量户外运动目的地。

Chapter 40: Actively Responding to Population Aging

Deeply implement the national strategy for actively responding to population aging, establish and perfect policy mechanisms for coordinated development of elderly care undertakings and industries, and promote the elderly having care, having purpose, and having enjoyment.

深入实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略，健全养老事业和产业协同发展政策机制，促进老有所养、老有所为、老有所乐。

Section 1: Perfecting the Urban and Rural Elderly Care Service Network

Comprehensively plan the layout of elderly care service facilities, optimize the supply of basic elderly care services, and advance the expansion, quality enhancement, and efficiency improvement of elderly care services. Deepen elderly care service reform and development, and orderly advance the implementation of classified reforms of elderly care institutions. Develop community-embedded elderly care services, and cultivate specialized, branded, and chain-operated community elderly care service institutions. Develop home-based elderly care beds, and advance the transformation of homes to be suitable for elderly residents. Develop mutual-aid elderly care services. Establish and perfect the care system for elderly persons with loss of ability or cognitive impairment. Expand the supply of care-type beds in elderly care institutions, and develop integrated medicine and elderly care services. Implement long-term care insurance, and establish a unified elderly person capacity assessment system. Advance the professionalization of the elderly care service personnel team, and enhance the overall governance quality and effectiveness of elderly care services. Strengthen care and assistance for elderly persons living alone or isolated.

统筹规划养老服务设施布局，优化基本养老服务供给，推动养老服务扩容提质增效。深化养老服务改革发展，有序推进养老机构分类改革。发展社区嵌入式养老服务，培育专业化、品牌化、连锁化社区养老服务机构。发展家庭养老床位，推进居家适老化改造。发展互助性养老服务。健全失能失智老年人照护体系，增加养老机构护理型床位供给，发展医养结合服务。推行长期护理保险，健全统一的老年人能力评估制度。推进养老服务人员队伍职业化建设，提升养老服务综合监管质效。加强高龄独居老人和空巢老人关爱帮扶。

Section 2: Creating a Rich and Colorful Elderly Life

Integrate a positive view of aging and healthy aging into all aspects of economic and social development. Deeply conduct national conditions education regarding population aging, and foster a social environment of respect for and care for the elderly. Vigorously develop the silver economy, enrich products suited to elderly persons and supplies for elderly care services, cultivate leading enterprises and well-known brands of the silver economy, explore the establishment of a silver product certification system, and perfect the statistics of the silver economy. Actively develop elderly human resources. Steadily implement gradual postponement of the statutory retirement age, optimize employment, social security, and other age-restrictive policies, expand diversified job positions suitable for elderly persons, and deeply conduct the “silver talent action.” Expand the supply of elderly education resources, develop elderly colleges, and satisfy the spiritual and cultural needs of the elderly. Strengthen elderly person preferential treatment and rights protection. Strengthen the transformation of public facilities to be suitable for elderly residents, continuously conduct “smart assistance for the elderly” initiatives, and promote convenient handling and simplified and easy-to-use service scenarios for high-frequency elderly-related matters. Develop comprehensive services for the elderly.

把积极老龄观、健康老龄化融入经济社会发展全过程，深入开展人口老龄化国情教育，营造孝老敬老社会环境。大力发展银发经济，丰富适老化产品和老年服务供给，培育银发经济龙头企业和知名品牌，探索建立银发产品认证制度，完善银发经济统计。积极开发老年人力资源，稳妥实施渐进式延迟法定退休年龄，优化就业、社保等方面年龄限制政策，拓展适合老年人的多样化工作岗位，深入开展“银龄行动”。扩大老年教育资源供给，发展老年大学，满足老年人精神文化需求。强化老年人优待和权益保障。加强公共设施适老化改造，持续开展“智慧助老”行动，推动涉老高频事项便捷办理和服务场景简便易用，发展综合为老服务。

Special Column 17: Service Optimization and Enhancement for “One Young and One Old”

专栏17 “一老一小”服务优化提升

01 Enhancing the Quality and Efficiency of Elderly Care Institutions

For publicly-funded elderly care institutions with long construction timelines and outdated facilities, with focus on care-type bed renovations and facility equipment updates, encourage improvement through methods such as public construction with private operation. Advance 2,000 publicly-funded elderly care institutions to reach secondary or above standards, and improve facility safety levels. In integrated elderly care service institutions with conditions, promote the application of smart service systems, smart assisted devices, and smart fire and safety systems.

对建成时间较长、设施老旧的公办养老机构，以护理型床位改造和设施设备更新等为重点，鼓励通过公建民营等方式，推动 2000 个公办养老机构达到二级以上标准，提升设施安全水平。在有条件的综合性养老服务机构推广应用智能服务系统、智能辅助器具、智慧消防安防系统等。

02 Enhancing Community Elderly Care Services

Advance addressing shortcomings in community elderly care service facility construction. Enhance care service capacity and elderly care service functions. Achieve 70% coverage of community elderly care service institutions and facilities.

推进社区养老服务设施补短板，增强照护服务能力和养老服务功能，社区养老服务机构和设施覆盖率达到70%。

03 Enhancing Integrated Medicine and Elderly Care Capacity

Support integrated medicine and elderly care services in comprehensive hospitals with conditions. Support township health centers with demand in perfecting facility conditions, and expand the supply of care services for elderly persons with loss of ability or cognitive impairment.

支持有条件的综合性医院发展医养结合服务。支持有需求的乡镇卫生院完善设施条件，扩大失能失智老年人照护服务供给。

04 Enhancing and Expanding Inclusive Childcare Services

Advance the overall promotion of the development of inclusive childcare services with cities as the unit. Advance the layout of integrated childcare service centers and the expansion and renovation of community inclusive childcare facilities and integrated child care institutions. Realize full coverage of city-level integrated childcare service centers.

以城市为单元整体推进普惠托育服务发展，推进托育综合服务中心布局和社区普惠托育设施、托幼一体机构改扩建，实现地市级托育综合服务中心全覆盖。

05 Enhancing Childbirth and Reproductive Health Services

Upgrade and renovate 10 national regional reproductive health centers. Ensure that each province establishes at least one high-level maternal and child health institution. Promote improvements in the service levels of childbirth-providing institutions.

升级改造 10 个国家区域生殖健康中心，实现每个省份至少建成一所高水平妇幼保健机构。推动助产机构提升服务水平。

Part 12: Increasing Guarantee and Improvement of Livelihoods and Steadily Advancing Shared Prosperity for All People

Adhere to guaranteeing and improving livelihoods within the context of high-quality development. Persist in doing what is within capacity and living within means. Establish and perfect the basic public service system. Implement more equitable, inclusive, precise, and powerful social policies. Strengthen universal, foundational, and safety-net livelihood construction. Resolve the urgent, difficult, and worrying problems of the people. Facilitate social mobility, and improve the quality of life of the people.

坚持在高质量发展中保障和改善民生，坚持尽力而为、量力而行，健全基本公共服务体系，实施更加公平普惠、精准有力的社会政策，加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，解决好人民群众急难愁盼问题，畅通社会流动渠道，提高人民生活品质。

Chapter 41: Promoting High-Quality and Sufficient Employment

Deeply implement the employment-priority strategy. Persist in combining the expansion of employment capacity with the enhancement of employment quality. Establish and perfect mechanisms for promoting employment. Construct an employment-friendly development approach.

深入实施就业优先战略，坚持扩大就业容量和提升就业质量相结合，健全就业促进机制，构建就业友好型发展方式。

Section 1: Strengthening Employment-Priority Policies

Make high-quality and sufficient employment a priority objective for economic and social development. Establish and perfect mechanisms for assessing the employment impacts of major policies, major projects, and major productive force layout. Strengthen industrial and employment coordination, implement action plans for stabilizing and expanding employment with quality enhancement, continuously strengthen policy support for labor-intensive industries and enterprises such as foreign trade, construction, accommodation, and catering. Fully tap into the employment absorption potential of the service industries and emerging sectors. Promote the healthy development of flexible employment and new forms of employment. Stabilize and expand employment for key groups such as college graduates, migrant workers, and retired military personnel. Strengthen employment assistance for vulnerable groups, promote the re-employment of unemployed persons, and ensure that at least one person in zero-employment households achieves employment. Increase support for entrepreneurship, and enhance the employment-driving effect of entrepreneurship. Comprehensively respond to changes in external environment and the impact of new technologies such as artificial intelligence on employment. Establish a high-quality and sufficient employment evaluation system.

把高质量充分就业作为经济社会发展的优先目标，健全重大政策、重大项目、重大生产力布局就业影响评估机制。加强产业和就业协同，实施稳岗扩容提质行动，对外贸、建筑、住宿、餐饮等吸纳就业多的行业企业持续强化政策支持，充分挖掘服务业、新兴领域吸纳就业潜能，推动灵活就业、新就业形态健康发展。稳定和扩大高校毕业生、农民工、退役军人等重点群体就业。加强困难群体就业帮扶，促进失业人员再就业，确保零就业家庭至少一人实现就业。加大创业支持力度，增强创业带动就业效应。综合应对外部环境变化和人工智能等新技术发展对就业的影响。建立高质量充分就业评价体系。

Section 2: Conducting Large-Scale Vocational Skills Training

Establish and perfect mechanisms for matching human resource supply and demand. Establish and perfect lifelong vocational skills training systems, and strive to address structural employment contradictions. With market-oriented training as the primary driver and enterprise self-training as the main body, fully leverage the advantages of institutions, social training organizations, and other entities. Expand the supply of high-quality training. Comprehensively make good use of employment subsidy funds and unemployment insurance funds to support vocational skills training. Guide enterprises to extract and use employee education funds according to regulations. Advance the direct delivery of training subsidies to enterprises and trainees, and implement subsidy claiming systems for unemployed key groups. Establish and perfect systems for occupational classification, occupational standards, and skills talent evaluation. Deeply implement the “new eight-level workers” vocational skills grading system, and construct the national qualification framework system. Host the World Skills Competition successfully.

完善人力资源供需匹配机制，健全终身职业技能培训制度，着力解决结构性就业矛盾。以市场化培训为主导、行业企业自主培训为主体，充分发挥院校、社会化培训机构等优势作用，扩大高质量培训供给。统筹用好就业补助资金和失业保险基金等支持职业技能培训，指导企业按规定足额提取和使用职工教育经费。推进培训补贴直达企业和参训者，实行未就业重点群体培训补贴申领制。完善职业分类、职业标准和技能人才评价制度，深入实施“新八级工”职业技能等级制度，构建国家资历框架体系。办好世界技能大赛。

Section 3: Strengthening Employment Services and Labor Rights Protection

Establish and perfect employment support and public service systems, and cultivate a fair and orderly employment environment. Establish and perfect the labor standards system and labor relations consultation and coordination mechanisms. Establish and perfect rights protection systems for flexible employment and new form employment workers. Promote platform enterprises in fairly formulating labor rules and employing according to law and standards. Construct harmonious labor relations. Accelerate the digital intelligence transformation of personnel file services for mobile workers. Strengthen guidance in job choice and employer perspectives. Establish and perfect labor and employment legal frameworks. Enhance the effectiveness of labor relations contradiction mediation and arbitration. Establish and perfect labor security inspection systems. Urge enterprises to implement working hour systems according to law. Effectively address employment discrimination, wage arrears, social security arrears, and illegal layoffs. Establish and perfect employment and unemployment statistical monitoring and risk warning systems. Establish and perfect mechanisms for preventing and resolving large-scale unemployment risks.

健全就业支持和公共服务体系，营造公平有序就业环境。完善劳动标准体系和劳动关系协商协调机制，健全灵活就业、新就业形态劳动者权益保障制度，推动平台企业公平制定劳动规则、依法合规用工，构建和谐劳动关系。加快流动人员档案服务数智化。强化择业和用人观念引导。完善劳动就业法规体系，提升劳动关系矛盾调解仲裁效能，健全劳动保障监察体制，督促企业依法落实工时制度，有效治理就业歧视、欠薪欠保、违法裁员等。健全就业失业统计监测和风险预警体系，完善规模性失业风险防范化解机制。

Special Column 18: Employment Promotion and Service Enhancement

专栏18 就业促进与服务提升

01 Employment Support for Key Groups

Implement the youth employment support plan for college graduates and others. Establish and perfect a full-chain support system of policy incentives, occupational introduction, occupational guidance, and employment internship. Strengthen coordination between labor export and import regions, and build distinctive labor service brands. Comprehensively make good use of public welfare positions, and provide safety-net employment assistance for vulnerable groups.

实施高校毕业生等青年就业支持计划，完善政策激励、职业介绍、职业指导、就业见习全链条支持体系。强化劳务输入地和输出地协同，打造特色劳务品牌。统筹用好公益性岗位，做好困难群体就业兜底帮扶。

02 “Skills Light Up the Future” Training Initiative

Focus on advanced manufacturing, digital economy, life services, and other sectors. Support key groups in participating in employment skills training. Establish national high-skills talent training bases and skilled master workshops, and support the construction of a number of public training bases. Encourage enterprises to conduct new apprenticeship and technician training.

聚焦先进制造、数字经济、生活服务等领域，支持重点群体参加就业技能培训。建设国家级高技能人才培训基地和技能大师工作室，支持建设一批公共实训基地。鼓励企业开展新型学徒制培训和技师培训。

03 Enhancing Employment Public Services

Strengthen “at the doorstep” employment services, and raise the accessibility of employment public services. Establish and perfect the national employment information resource base and smart employment service platform. Strengthen employment information services, promote precise matching of employment supply and demand. Strengthen employment big data monitoring. Establish investigation and response mechanisms for the impact of artificial intelligence on employment. Strengthen employment stability guarantees, re-employment training, and employment support.

加强“家门口”就业服务，提高就业公共服务可及性。健全全国就业信息资源库和智慧就业服务平台，加强就业信息服务，促进就业供求精准匹配，强化就业大数据监测。建立人工智能对就业影响的调查和应对机制，加强稳岗保障、转岗培训和就业支持。

04 Enhancing the Employment-Driving Effect of Entrepreneurship

Strengthen the linkage support of entrepreneurship training, entrepreneurship services, entrepreneurship incubation, and entrepreneurship activities. Classify and advance the promotion of “scientific and technological achievements plus entrepreneurship,” “industrial development plus entrepreneurship,” “vocational skills plus entrepreneurship,” and “livelihood needs plus entrepreneurship.” Build high-quality entrepreneurship incubation carriers.

强化创业培训、创业服务、创业孵化、创业活动联动支持，分类推进“科技成果+创业”、“产业发展+创业”、“职业技能+创业”、“民生需求+创业”，打造高质量创业孵化载体。

Chapter 42: Perfecting the Income Distribution System

Adhere to distribution by labor as the main form, with multiple distribution methods coexisting. Establish and perfect the system of coordinated and complementary mechanisms of initial distribution, redistribution, and tertiary distribution. Raise the proportion of resident income in national income distribution. Raise the proportion of labor compensation in initial distribution.

坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，完善初次分配、再分配、第三次分配协调配套的制度体系，提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。

Section 1: Optimizing the Initial Distribution Pattern

Establish and perfect initial distribution mechanisms where various factors of production are evaluated by the market, and compensation is determined by contribution. Promote those who work more earning more, those with greater skills earning more, and those who innovate earning more. Establish and perfect mechanisms for wage determination, reasonable growth, and payment guarantees for laborers. Implement collective wage negotiation systems. Establish and perfect mechanisms for adjusting the minimum wage standard. Strengthen macro-guidance of enterprise wage distribution. Deepen reform of wage determination mechanisms in state-owned enterprises. Establish and perfect compensation systems for government agencies and public institutions. Increase the proportion of wage distribution bias toward grassroots frontlines and difficult regions. Establish and perfect systems for enterprise compensation investigation and information release. Increase urban and rural resident property income through multiple channels. Establish and perfect dividend incentive and constraint mechanisms for listed companies. Enrich financial products and services that satisfy resident wealth management needs. Raise the proportion of farmers’ land value appreciation benefits. Strengthen distribution policies oriented toward increasing the value of knowledge. Allow more qualified state-owned enterprises oriented toward innovation and creation to conduct multiple forms of medium and long-term incentive among scientific research personnel. Accelerate the construction of skills-oriented wage distribution systems.

健全各类要素由市场评价贡献、按贡献决定报酬的初次分配机制，促进多劳者多得、技高者多得、创新者多得。完善劳动者工资决定、合理增长、支付保障机制，推行工资集体协商制度，健全最低工资标准调整机制，加强企业工资分配宏观指导。深化国有企业工资决定机制改革，完善机关事业单位工资和津补贴制度，加大工资分配向基层一线和艰苦地区倾斜力度。完善企业薪酬调查和信息发布制度。多渠道增加城乡居民财产性收入，健全上市公司分红激励约束机制，丰富满足居民财富管理需求的金融产品和服务，提高农民土地增值收益分享比例。强化以增加知识价值为导向的分配政策，允许更多符合条件的国有企业以创新创造为导向在科研人员中开展多种形式中长期激励，加快构建技能导向的薪酬分配制度。

Section 2: Increasing the Intensity and Precision of Income Distribution Adjustment

Strengthen the redistribution adjustment through taxes, social security, and transfer payments. Optimize income distribution patterns. Increase the intensity and precision of tax adjustment. Establish and perfect systems for natural person taxation and fee services and supervision. Implement uniform taxation of labor income. Fully leverage the role of special deduction policies. Increase personal income tax deduction intensity. Explore the perfection of capital gains tax adjustment mechanisms. Strengthen tax supervision of high-income persons. Strengthen the mutual-aid and mutual-benefit functions of social security. Gradually narrow the gaps in financing and benefit protection between different schemes and regions. Optimize the functional positioning of transfer payments. Strengthen the adjustment function of general transfer payments in narrowing regional finance gaps. Establish and perfect disaster relief and assistance systems. Better leverage the role of tertiary distribution. Promote and standardize the development of public welfare and charitable undertakings. Explore effective realization forms for charity.

加强税收、社会保障、转移支付等再分配调节，优化收入分配格局。加大税收调节力度和精准性，健全自然人税费服务和监管体系，实行劳动性所得统一征税。充分发挥专项附加扣除政策作用，加大个人所得税抵扣力度。探索完善资本利得税收调节机制，加强对高收入者税收监管。强化社会保障互助共济功能，逐步缩小制度间、区域间筹资和待遇保障差距。优化转移支付功能定位，强化一般性转移支付对缩小区域间财力差距的调节功能。健全赈灾赈济制度。更好发挥第三次分配作用，促进和规范公益慈善事业发展，探索慈善有效实现形式。

Section 3: Steadily Expanding the Size of the Middle-Income Group

Implement urban and rural resident income increase plans. Effectively increase the income of low-income groups. Raise the proportion of the middle-income group. Promote the formation of an olive-shaped distribution pattern. Focus on key groups and implement targeted income increase policies. Raise the employment match degree of college graduates. Promote “dual enhancement” of wages and skills for technical workers. Comprehensively implement wage payment guarantee systems for migrant workers. Take comprehensive measures to promote the stable operations of small and medium-sized enterprise owners and individual business operators. Actively cultivate high-quality farmers and rural wealth leaders. Raise the capacity for increasing income and becoming prosperous. Standardize the order of income distribution and mechanisms of wealth accumulation. Support those who work hard and those who innovate achieving legitimate prosperity. Encourage those who are wealthy to help those who are not, and promote shared prosperity. Reasonably regulate excessive income. Eliminate illegal income.

实施城乡居民增收计划，有效增加低收入群体收入，提高中等收入群体比重，推动形成橄榄型分配格局。聚焦重点群体精准实施增收政策，提高高校毕业生就业匹配度，推动技术工人薪酬和技能“双提升”，全面落实农民工工资支付保障制度，多措并举促进中小企业主和个体工商户稳定经营，积极培养高素质农民和农村致富带头人，提高增收致富能力。规范收入分配秩序和财富积累机制，支持勤劳创新合法致富，鼓励先富带后富促共富，合理调节过高收入，取缔非法收入。

Chapter 43: Establishing and Perfecting the Social Security System

With strengthening the protection of key groups and enhancing system sustainability as the focal point, establish and perfect a multi-level social security system covering all people, coordinating urban and rural areas, fair and unified, secure and standardized, and sustainable.

以强化重点群体保障、增强制度可持续性为重点，健全覆盖全民、统筹城乡、公平统一、安全规范、可持续的多层次社会保障体系。

Section 1: Steadily Raising the Level of Social Security Protection

Implement high-quality enrollment action, and continuously expand social insurance coverage. Accelerate the development of a multi-level, multi-pillar pension insurance system. Establish and perfect mechanisms for benefit determination and adjustment. Gradually raise urban and rural resident basic pension levels. Bias the adjustment of retiree basic pension toward groups with lower benefits. Expand the coverage of enterprise annuities. Establish and perfect individual pension insurance policies. Vigorously develop commercial pension insurance. Establish and perfect multi-level medical insurance systems. Establish and perfect cross-provincial medical treatment settlement. Fully leverage the supplementary protection role of commercial medical insurance. Raise the enrollment rates of flexible employment workers, migrant workers, and new form employment workers. Reasonably determine contribution bases. Clarify the contribution responsibilities of employers and platform enterprises. Expand the coverage of unemployment and work-related injury social insurance. Establish and perfect vocational injury protection systems. Establish and perfect social security relationship transfer and continuation policies. Raise the efficiency of pension insurance relationship transfer and continuation. Optimize the national unified social security public service platform and administrative management services.

实施高质量参保行动，持续扩大社会保险覆盖面。加快发展多层次、多支柱养老保险体系，健全待遇确定和调整机制，逐步提高城乡居民基础养老金，退休人员基本养老金调整向待遇较低群体倾斜，扩大企业年金覆盖范围，完善个人养老金政策，大力发展商业养老保险。健全多层次医疗保障体系，完善异地就医结算，充分发挥商业医疗保险补充保障作用。提高灵活就业人员、农民工、新就业形态人员参保率，合理确定缴费基数，明晰用工方和平台企业缴费责任。扩大失业、工伤等社会保险覆盖面，建立健全职业伤害保障制度。完善社保关系转移接续政策，提高养老保险关系转移接续效率。优化全国统一的社保公共服务平台和经办管理服务。

Section 2: Enhancing the Sustainability of Social Insurance Systems

Establish and perfect social insurance actuarial systems. Establish and perfect long-term mechanisms for social security fund collection, coordination and adjustment, value preservation and appreciation, and safety supervision. Improve and strengthen the social security strategic reserve fund. Continue to allocate state-owned capital to replenish social security funds. Strengthen enrollment and contribution incentives. Encourage collective economic organizations with conditions and other entities to subsidize urban and rural resident enrollment and contributions. Reasonably raise fiscal subsidy standards for urban and rural resident basic medical insurance. Establish and perfect the implementation of basic pension insurance national coordination systems. Basically achieve provincial-level coordination of basic medical insurance. Consolidate the provincial-level coordination of unemployment and work-related injury insurance. Establish and perfect social security fund investment policies and supervision systems. Strengthen information disclosure and performance evaluation. Strengthen medical insurance fund supervision.

健全社会保险精算制度，完善社保基金长效筹集、统筹调剂、保值增值和安全监管机制。做优做强社会保障战略储备基金，继续划转国有资本充实社保基金。加强参保缴费激励，鼓励有条件的集体经济组织等补助城乡居民参保缴费，合理提高城乡居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准。完善并落实基本养老保险全国统筹制度，基本实现基本医疗保险省级统筹，巩固失业、工伤保险省级统筹。完善社保基金投资政策和监管体系，加强信息披露和绩效评价，强化医保基金监管。

Section 3: Establishing and Perfecting the Social Assistance System

Establish and perfect the stratified, categorized, and urban-rural coordinated social assistance system. Establish and perfect basic livelihood assistance systems and specialized assistance systems. Dynamically adjust social assistance standards. Strengthen assistance for low-income borderline families and families with rigid expenditure difficulties. Actively develop service-type social assistance. Strengthen the coordination of various social assistance policies. Establish and perfect temporary assistance systems. Fully advance the implementation of assistance by the place where sudden difficulties occur. Establish and perfect mechanisms for identifying and monitoring assistance targets. Strengthen the effective coordination of the assistance system with other policies. Stimulate the intrinsic motivation of assistance targets to extricate themselves from difficulties.

健全分层分类、城乡统筹的社会救助体系。完善基本生活救助制度和专项救助制度，动态调整社会救助标准，加强低保边缘家庭、刚性支出困难家庭救助。积极发展服务类社会救助，加强各类社会救助政策统筹衔接。健全临时救助制度，全面推进由急难发生地直接实施救助。健全救助对象认定监测机制，加强救助体系与其他政策有效衔接，激发救助对象脱困解困内生动力。

Chapter 44: Promoting High-Quality Development of Real Estate

Accelerate the construction of a new model for real estate development. Establish and perfect the housing system of multi-entity supply, multi-channel guarantee, and rental and purchase parity.

加快构建房地产发展新模式，健全多主体供给、多渠道保障、租购并举的住房制度，实现更高水平住有所居。

Section 1: Perfecting the Housing Security System

Optimize the supply of security housing. Strengthen housing security for low-income housing-difficulty families in urban areas. Better satisfy the basic housing needs of working groups with housing difficulties and non-high income. Gradually address the cyclical housing difficulties of new residents and youth groups. Strengthen comprehensive management of security housing throughout its lifecycle. Establish and perfect mechanisms for application, waiting lists, rental allocation, sales allocation, use, and exit. Explore the orderly conversion and comprehensive use of rental and sales-type security housing sources. Deepen the reform of housing provident fund systems. Expand the scope of use. Support flexible employment workers in participating in housing provident fund systems.

优化保障性住房供给，强化城镇低收入住房困难家庭住房保障，更好满足住房困难且收入不高的工薪群体基本住房需求，逐步解决新市民、青年等群体的阶段性住房困难。加强保障性住房全流程管理，健全申请、轮候、配租配售、使用、退出等管理机制。探索配租型、配售型保障性住房房源有序转换和统筹使用。深化住房公积金制度改革，扩大使用范围，支持灵活就业人员参加住房公积金制度。

Section 2: Promoting Steady and Healthy Development of the Real Estate Market

Establish and perfect basic systems for commercial housing development, financing, and sales. Implement real estate development company system and financing lead bank system. Support the satisfaction of reasonable real estate financing needs. Powerfully and orderly advance the sale of completed housing. Reasonably arrange the scale and layout of real estate land supply, and promote coordination between land supply and existing housing stock and population changes. Comprehensively grant cities government power over real estate market regulation and control. Promote classified disposal of undeveloped supplied land and under-construction projects. Advance the activation and utilization of existing commercial housing and idle commercial and office space. Based on local conditions, increase the supply of housing for improvement purposes. Construct safe, comfortable, green, and intelligent “good housing.” Implement housing quality enhancement projects and property service quality enhancement initiatives. Standardize the development of housing rental markets. Foster market-oriented and professional rental enterprises. Establish housing full-lifecycle safety management systems.

完善商品房开发、融资、销售等基础制度。推行房地产开发项目公司制和融资主办银行制，支持满足房地产合理融资需求，有力有序推进现房销售。合理安排房地产用地规模和布局，促进土地供应与存量住房、人口变动等相协调。充分赋予城市政府房地产市场调控自主权。推动已供未开发土地和在建项目分类处置，推进存量商品房和闲置商业办公用房盘活利用。因城施策增加改善性住房供给。建设安全舒适绿色智慧的“好房子”，实施房屋品质提升工程和物业服务质量提升行动。规范发展住房租赁市场，培育市场化专业化租赁企业。建立房屋全生命周期安全管理制度。

Chapter 45: Steadily Advancing the Equalization of Basic Public Services

Enhance the balance and accessibility of basic public services, and advance achieving more substantive and significant progress in the equalization of basic public services.

增强基本公共服务均衡性和可及性，推动基本公共服务均等化取得更为明显的实质性进展。

Section 1: Establishing a System and Mechanisms for Basic Public Service Equalization

Formulate and implement plans and policies for basic public service equalization. Accelerate the realization of equal enjoyment of basic public services by resident populations. Orderly advance balanced development of urban and rural basic public services within county-level jurisdictions. Gradually narrow the regional gap in basic public service resources. With machine fairness and roughly commensurate results as the orientation, establish evaluation standards systems for basic public service equalization. Refine evaluation standards by sector. Explore conducting evaluations of the degree to which equalization is realized. Focus on areas such as young having nurture, learning having education, work having gain, sickness having treatment, old having support, housing having residence, and weakness having assistance. Establish and perfect the range and content of basic public services. Appropriately incorporate into the standards services that the people urgently need. Dynamically adjust national standards. Strengthen cross-regional standard coordination. Promote the downward shift of more public services to grassroots levels, expand coverage to rural areas, and bias toward remote regions and residents in difficult circumstances. Strengthen the coordination of county-level basic public service supply. Establish and perfect long-term mechanisms for investment guarantees.

制定实施基本公共服务均等化规划和政策，加快实现常住人口同等享有基本公共服务，有序推进县域范围内城乡基本公共服务均衡发展，逐步缩小区域基本公共服务资源差距。以享有机会公平、效果大致相当为导向，建立基本公共服务均等化评价标准体系，分领域细化评价标准，探索开展均等化实现程度评价。聚焦幼有所育、学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居、弱有所扶等领域，完善基本公共服务范围和内容，适时纳入群众急需的服务项目，动态调整国家标准，加强区域间标准统筹。推动更多公共服务向基层下沉、向农村覆盖、向边远地区和生活困难群众倾斜。加强县域基本公共服务供给统筹，完善投入保障长效机制。

Section 2: Comprehensively Advancing the Provision of Basic Public Services by Resident Locality

Establish and perfect public resource allocation mechanisms that match resident population. In cities with concentrated population inflow, standardly implement gradient supply of scarce public services with employment and residence tenure as the primary conditions. Gradually reduce the gradient levels and service disparities. Implement the policy of holders of residence certificates participating in basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents. Gradually incorporate non-registered resident populations into child care, social assistance, and other ranges in resident localities. Comprehensively deepen public institution reforms. Optimize structural layout of public service institutions. Consolidate and establish fiscal transfer payment distribution mechanisms that fully consider the number of service objects in resident populations, service costs, and other factors.

健全与常住人口相匹配的公共资源配置机制。在人口集中流入城市，规范实施以就业居住年限为主要条件的紧缺公共服务梯度供应，逐步减少梯度层次和服务差异。落实持居住证参加城乡居民基本医疗保险政策。逐步将未落户常住人口纳入常住地儿童关爱、社会救助等范围。全面深化事业单位改革，优化公共服务领域事业单位结构布局，巩固完善充分考虑常住人口服务对象数量、服务成本等因素的财政转移支付分配机制。

Chapter 46: Guaranteeing the Rights and Development of Various Groups

Establish and perfect care service systems. Foster a social environment that effectively guarantees the rights and development of women, minors, youth, persons with disabilities, and others. Enhance the level of service and protection guarantees for retired military personnel.

健全关爱服务体系，营造有效保障妇女、未成年人、青年人、残疾人等发展权益的社会环境，提升退役军人服务保障水平。

Section 1: Promoting Gender Equality and the All-Around Development of Women

Adhere to the fundamental national policy of gender equality. Guarantee that women legally equally participate in economic and social development, equally exercise democratic rights, and equally share the fruits of reform and development. Establish and perfect maternal and infant health service systems. Strengthen integrated prevention and treatment of breast cancer and cervical cancer. Comprehensively implement the free inoculation of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for age-eligible girls according to the national immunization plan. Guarantee women’s equal rights to education and employment. Legally guarantee rural women’s rights as members of collective economic organizations and land contracting and operation rights. Support women’s participation in grassroots governance. Continuously prevent and stop domestic violence. Strictly crack down on illegal and criminal acts that infringe upon women’s rights.

坚持男女平等基本国策，保障妇女依法平等参与经济社会发展、平等行使民主权利、平等享有改革发展成果。完善妇幼健康服务体系，加强乳腺癌、宫颈癌综合防治，全面实施适龄女童国家免疫规划人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗免费接种。保障妇女平等受教育权利和就业权益，依法保障农村妇女集体经济组织成员权和土地承包经营权，支持妇女参与基层治理。持续预防和制止家庭暴力，严厉打击侵害妇女权利的违法犯罪行为。

Section 2: Strengthening Care and Protection of Minors

Adhere to child priority development. Effectively guarantee children’s rights to existence, development, protection, and participation. Advance the early screening and early intervention of children’s myopia, overweight and obesity, and autism. Raise the level of children’s medical and health services. Enrich children’s pharmaceutical varieties. Strengthen care services for children in difficult circumstances. Advance classified assistance for migrant children and left-behind children. Effectively raise the level of welfare protection guarantees. Establish and perfect early childhood development services. Formulate and implement child injury prevention and control action plans. Strengthen prevention and management of violations and crimes by minors. Effectively prevent school bullying. Strengthen internet protection of minors. Expand internet education space and position. Advance child-friendly construction. Foster a social environment of care and concern for the next generation.

坚持儿童优先发展，切实保障儿童生存权、发展权、受保护权和参与权。推进儿童近视、超重肥胖和孤独症等早筛查早干预。提高儿童医疗保健服务水平，丰富儿童用药品种。加强困境儿童关爱服务，推进流动儿童、留守儿童分类帮扶，有效提升福利保障水平。完善儿童早期发展服务。制定实施儿童伤害防控行动计划，强化未成年人违法犯罪预防和治理，有效防治学生欺凌。加强未成年人网络保护，拓展网络育人空间和阵地。推进儿童友好建设，营造关心关爱下一代的社会环境。

Section 3: Supporting Youth Development

Establish and perfect planning and policies for promoting youth development. Create favorable conditions for youth growth, talent development, and contribution and achievement. Strengthen ideological and political guidance and values formation for youth. Deeply conduct youthful contribution action in new era Chinese youth science and technology innovation, rural revitalization, and other sectors. Support youth in serving as pioneers and mainstays in work across all sectors and fields. Assist youth in resolving practical difficulties in learning and work, innovation and entrepreneurship, marriage and fertility, housing guarantees, and social integration. Establish and perfect mechanisms for youth group interest expression and appeals response. Expand channels for youth ordered participation in grassroots governance.

健全促进青年发展的规划和政策，为青年成长成才、建功立业创造良好条件。加强对广大青年的思想政治引领和价值观塑造，深入开展新时代中国青年科技创新、乡村振兴等领域青春建功行动，支持青年在各领域各方面工作中争当排头兵和主力军。帮助青年解决求学工作、创新创业、婚恋生育、住房保障、社会融入等实际困难。完善青年群体利益表达和诉求响应机制，拓展青年有序参与基层治理渠道。

Section 4: Strengthening Service and Protection Guarantees for Retired Military Personnel

Deepen the reform of management and protection for retired military personnel. Establish and perfect systems for organizational management, work operations, and policies and institutions. Establish and perfect mechanisms for determining and adjusting preferential treatment. Strengthen the unified management of preferential items. Establish and perfect assistance aid and legal service systems for retired military personnel. Deepen the management reform of preferential treatment hospitals and honor homes. Establish and perfect preferential medical, rehabilitation, and health care systems. Advance high-quality resettlement and employment of retired military personnel. Establish and perfect settlement methods. Strengthen policy support and service guidance. Establish and perfect systems for honor incentives and commendations and awards for retired military personnel. Strengthen the creation and management of dual support demonstration areas. Vigorously promote the spirit of heroes and martyrs.

深化退役军人管理保障改革，完善组织管理、工作运行和政策制度体系。健全优抚待遇确定和调整机制，加强优待项目统筹管理，完善退役军人帮扶援助和法律服务体系。深化优抚医院、光荣院管理改革，完善优抚医疗康养体系。推进退役军人高质量安置就业，完善安置办法，强化政策支持和服务指导。健全退役军人荣誉激励和表彰奖励制度。加强双拥模范创建管理。大力弘扬英烈精神。

Section 5: Enhancing the Protection and Development Capacity of Persons with Disabilities

Establish and perfect social security systems and care service systems for persons with disabilities. Promote the all-around development of disability services. Strengthen the safety-net protection of severely disabled, multiply disabled, and multi-disability households. Establish and perfect livelihood subsidies for economically-difficult persons with disabilities, nursing care subsidies for severely disabled persons, and dynamic adjustment mechanisms for subsidy standards. Strengthen rehabilitation assistance for disabled children. Establish and perfect subsidy systems for assistive device fitting for persons with disabilities. Establish and perfect community and family support for persons with disabilities. Strengthen care and nursing for severely disabled persons. Develop community rehabilitation for persons with mental disorders. Strengthen employment assistance for persons with disabilities. Establish and perfect mechanisms for promoting employment by proportion, concentrated employment, and self-employment. Develop cultural and sports activities for persons with disabilities. Deeply promote science and technology assistance for persons with disabilities. Strengthen the construction of barrier-free environments in public facilities, information communication, and social services.

完善残疾人社会保障制度和关爱服务体系，促进残疾人事业全面发展。强化对重度残疾、多重残疾、一户多残等群体兜底保障，健全困难残疾人生活补贴、重度残疾人护理补贴制度及补贴标准动态调整机制，加强残疾儿童康复救助，健全残疾人辅助器具适配补贴制度。完善残疾人社区和家庭支持，加强重度残疾人托养照护，发展精神障碍社区康复。强化残疾人就业帮扶，完善按比例就业、集中就业、自主就业促进机制。发展残疾人文化体育。深入推进科技助残，加强公共设施、信息交流、社会服务无障碍环境建设。

Special Column 19: Social Care Service Enhancement

专栏19 社会关爱服务提升

01 Care and Assistance for Children in Difficult Circumstances and Left-Behind Children

Increase the strength of basic livelihood protection for children in difficult circumstances. Establish and perfect service protection systems for medical rehabilitation, basic public education, mental health care, personal safety, and statutory guardianship. Expand the service functions of child welfare institutions, providing nursing care, rehabilitation, and special education services to society. Expand the coverage of assistance and protection services for minors. Regularly conduct care activities for left-behind children, dispersed orphans, and children with no factual guardians.

加大困境儿童基本生活保障力度，完善医疗康复、基本公共教育、心理健康关爱、人身安全、法定监护等服务保障体系。拓展儿童福利机构服务功能，面向社会提供养护、康复、特殊教育等服务，扩大未成年人救助保护服务覆盖面。对留守儿童、散居孤儿和事实无人抚养儿童定期开展关爱活动。

02 Preferential Treatment and Martyrs’ Commendation for Retired Military Personnel

Enhance the service capacity of preferential treatment hospitals and honor homes. Implement improvements to martyr memorial facilities. Enhance exhibition and preservation levels. Continuously conduct searches for the remains of missing martyrs and protection work and assist in locating relatives of martyrs.

提升优抚医院、光荣院等服务能力。实施烈士纪念设施改造，提升展陈和管护水平。持续做好失踪烈士遗骸搜寻保护和为烈士寻亲工作。

03 Disability Services

Construct a number of specialized facilities for disability rehabilitation, care and nursing, and vocational education services. Enhance the specialized service capacity of rehabilitation institutions. Establish and operate rehabilitation universities. Encourage care institutions with conditions in establishing “elderly parents plus disabled children” family care units. Support the barrier-free transformation of homes for economically-difficult severely disabled persons.

建设一批专业化的残疾人康复、托养照护、职业教育等服务设施。提升康复机构专业化服务能力，办好康复大学。鼓励有条件的养老机构设立“老年父母+残疾子女”家庭照护单元。支持困难重度残疾人家庭无障碍改造。

04 Public Welfare Funeral Services

Establish and perfect basic funeral service systems. Strengthen comprehensive regulation of the funeral industry. Construct and renovate a number of funeral parlors. Update old and obsolete crematory equipment. Construct a number of public welfare ecological burial facilities for land conservation. Based on local conditions, promote bone ash pit burial, tree burial, ocean burial, and other means.

建立健全基本殡葬服务制度，加强殡葬行业综合监管。建设改造一批殡仪馆，更新老旧火化设备。建设一批公益性节地生态安葬设施，因地制宜推广骨灰格位安葬、树葬、海葬等。

Part 13: Accelerating Overall Green Transition of Economic and Social Development - Building Beautiful China

Firmly establish and practice the philosophy that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, use carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as drivers, strengthen the ecological civilization institutional system, coordinately advance carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth, improve ecological environmental quality, consolidate ecological security barriers, and enhance the driving force of green development.

第十三篇 加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型 建设美丽中国 牢固树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，以碳达峰碳中和为牵引，以健全生态文明制度体系为保障，协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长，改善生态环境质量，筑牢生态安全屏障，增强绿色发展动能。

Chapter 47: Actively and Prudently Advancing and Achieving Carbon Peaking

Coordinate development and emission reduction, earnestly conduct carbon peaking actions, accelerate the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure, energy structure, transportation and logistics structure, and ensure the achievement of carbon peaking targets on schedule.

第四十七章 积极稳妥推进和实现碳达峰 统筹发展和减排，扎实开展碳达峰行动，加快产业结构、能源结构、交通运输结构等调整优化，确保如期实现碳达峰目标。

Section 1: Comprehensively Implement Dual Control of Total Carbon Emissions and Intensity

Adhere to the combination of policy guidance and market incentives, steadily implement carbon accounting and assessment for local areas, carbon management for industries, carbon management for enterprises, carbon evaluation for projects, and carbon footprint for products and other policy systems. Establish a comprehensive evaluation and assessment system for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, scientifically and reasonably decompose carbon emission dual control targets, and implement responsibility for achieving carbon emission targets. Establish industrial carbon emission management mechanisms, clarify carbon emission management requirements for key industries and sectors, and coordinately advance production capacity governance and dual control of carbon emissions. Improve management systems for key energy consuming and carbon emitting units. Strengthen energy efficiency review and carbon emission evaluation for fixed asset investment projects, and implement equal-quantity or reduced-quantity replacement of carbon emissions for newly built and expanded high-energy-consuming and high-emission industrial projects. Develop product carbon footprint accounting rules and standards, release carbon emission limit standards for key products, and establish a product carbon labeling and certification system. Improve carbon emission statistics and accounting system and dynamic monitoring and early warning mechanisms, regularly compile national greenhouse gas inventories. Expand the coverage of the national carbon emissions trading market, accelerate the construction of the voluntary greenhouse gas emissions reduction trading market.

第一节 全面实施碳排放总量和强度双控制度 坚持政策引导和市场激励相结合，稳步实施地方碳考核、行业碳管控、企业碳管理、项目碳评价、产品碳足迹等政策制度。建立碳达峰碳中和综合评价考核制度，科学合理分解碳排放双控目标，压实碳排放目标落实责任。建立行业碳排放管控机制，明确重点行业领域碳排放管理要求，协同推进产能治理和碳排放双控。健全重点用能和碳排放单位管理制度。强化固定资产投资项目节能审查和碳排放评价，新建和改扩建高耗能高排放工业项目实施碳排放等量或减量置换。制定产品碳足迹核算规则标准，发布重点产品碳排放限额标准，建立产品碳标识认证制度。完善碳排放统计核算体系和动态监测预警机制，常态化编制国家温室气体清单。扩大全国碳排放权交易市场覆盖范围，加快温室气体自愿减排交易市场建设。

Section 2: Drive Energy Efficiency and Carbon Reduction in Key Sectors

Deeply conduct energy efficiency and carbon reduction renovation and coal management and reduction, accelerate the coverage of new electricity consumption by new clean energy electricity generation, promote the peaking of coal and petroleum consumption, reduce energy consumption per unit of GDP by approximately 10%. Effectively and efficiently control high-energy-consuming and high-emission projects, accelerate the innovation and application of green and low-carbon technologies and equipment, orderly promote high-load industries meeting requirements toward regions rich in renewable energy resources, and develop zero-carbon factories and industrial parks. Strengthen energy efficiency and carbon reduction renovation of existing buildings and municipal facilities, promote large-scale development of ultra-low-energy buildings and prefabricated buildings, implement cooling efficiency enhancement and green lighting actions. Accelerate green and low-carbon transition of heating systems, implement measures suited to local conditions for waste heat resource utilization and non-fossil energy supply heating, and orderly advance heating metering renovation and payment for heat based on volume. Promote low-carbon replacement of transportation power sources, accelerate electrification of freight transport and public sectors and the application of green fuel vehicles and ships, increase the proportion of major bulk cargo transported by rail and waterways and the proportion of new energy vehicle transportation. Improve energy efficiency in emerging sectors such as computing facilities and 5G base stations. Improve the energy efficiency diagnosis mechanism in key sectors, and comprehensively implement energy efficiency labeling and energy efficiency “leader” system. Deepen the construction of pilot zones for green, low-carbon, and high-quality development.

第二节 推动重点领域节能降碳 深入开展节能降碳改造和控煤减煤，加快推进新增用电量由新增清洁能源电量覆盖，推动煤炭和石油消费达峰，单位GDP能耗下降10%左右。有力有效管控高耗能高排放项目，加快绿色低碳技术装备创新应用，有序推动符合要求的高载能产业向可再生能源资源富集区域转移，建设零碳工厂和园区。加强既有建筑和市政设施节能降碳改造，促进超低能耗和装配式建筑规模化发展，实施制冷能效提升和绿色照明行动。加快热力系统绿色低碳转型，因地制宜开展余热资源利用和非化石能源供热，有序推进供热计量改造和按热量收费。推动交通动力低碳替代，加快货运、公共领域电动化和绿色燃料车船应用，提高大宗货物铁路、水路运输比重和新能源汽车运输比重。提升算力设施、5G基站等新兴领域用能效率。健全重点领域能效诊断机制，深入实施能效标识和能效“领跑者”制度。深化绿色低碳高质量发展先行区建设。

Section 3: Enhance Capability to Respond to Global Climate Change

Persist in attaching equal importance to mitigation and adaptation, comprehensively control greenhouse gas emissions, and actively respond to adverse effects and risks from climate change. Strengthen monitoring and management of non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases, enhance the increase of carbon sinks in ecosystems, and improve the carbon sink monitoring and accounting system. Improve the work system for adapting to climate change, strengthen the assessment of climate change impacts on key vulnerable sectors and regions, and enhance the capability to respond to climate change, particularly extreme weather. Actively participate in and lead global climate governance^[a], persist in the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, fully implement the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Paris Agreement, and deepen South-South cooperation on climate change.

第三节 提升应对全球气候变化能力 坚持减缓与适应并重，全面控制温室气体排放，积极应对气候变化不利影响和风险。加强非二氧化碳温室气体监测管控，提升生态系统碳汇增量，健全碳汇监测核算体系。完善适应气候变化工作体系，强化气候变化对关键脆弱领域区域风险影响评估，提升应对气候变化特别是极端天气能力。积极参与和引领全球气候治理，坚持共同但有区别的责任原则，全面落实联合国气候变化框架公约及其巴黎协定，深化气候变化南南合作。

Special Column 20: Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality

专栏20 碳达峰碳中和

01 Energy Efficiency and Carbon Reduction in Key Industries and Sectors

Significantly increase energy efficiency and carbon reduction renovation efforts in key industries and sectors such as thermal power, steel, non-ferrous metals, petrochemicals, chemicals, and building materials, promote and popularize energy-efficient and low-carbon technologies, achieve energy savings of more than 150 million tons of standard coal equivalent, reduce energy consumption per unit of building area in public institutions by 5%.

01 重点行业领域节能降碳 加大火电、钢铁、有色、石化、化工、建材等重点行业领域节能降碳改造力度，推广普及节能低碳技术，实现节能量1.5亿吨标准煤以上，公共机构单位建筑面积能耗降低5%。

02 Clean Replacement of Coal Consumption

Build a number of demonstration projects for low-carbon renovation of coal-fired power generation units with biomass co-firing and green ammonia co-firing, comprehensively implement low-carbon renovation projects for coal chemical processing, promote clean replacement of coal-fired boilers and industrial kilns in food, textile, papermaking, and other industries, and achieve coal consumption replacement of 30 million tons per year.

02 煤炭消费清洁替代 建设一批生物质掺烧、绿氨掺烧等煤电机组低碳化改造示范项目，全面实施煤化工低碳化改造项目，推进食品、纺织、造纸等行业燃煤锅炉和工业窑炉清洁化替代，推动煤炭消费量替代达到3000万吨/年。

03 Zero-Carbon Industrial Parks and Zero-Carbon Transportation Corridors Construction

Develop the model of manufacturing green products with green energy, implement location-specific green power direct supply, and build approximately 100 national-level zero-carbon industrial parks. Taking transportation corridors concentrated with freight volume as the focus, build charging and battery-swapping, hydrogen and ammonia and methanol refueling, light storage integration and other facilities, and construct a number of zero-carbon transportation corridor demonstration sections (routes).

03 零碳园区和零碳运输走廊建设 发展以绿色能源制造绿色产品模式，因地制宜发展绿电直供，建设100个左右国家级零碳园区。以货运量集中的运输通道为重点，建设充换电、氢氨醇加注、光储一体等设施，建设一批零碳运输走廊示范路段（航段）。

04 Circular Economy Assisting Carbon Reduction

Improve the system for fine-grained recovery and recycling of waste materials, processing and utilization of renewable resources, and promotion and application of high-quality recycled materials, enhance the high-value-added and standardized utilization level of waste electrical and electronic products, waste power batteries, decommissioned wind and photovoltaic equipment, scrapped vehicles, and other products, increase the primary resource productivity by approximately 16%.

04 循环经济助力降碳 完善废弃物精细回收循环、再生资源加工利用、高品质再生材料推广应用体系，提升废弃电器电子产品、废旧动力电池、退役风电光伏设备、报废汽车等产品高值化规范化利用水平，主要资源产出率提高16%左右。

05 Reduction of Non-Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Gases

Implement control projects for non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide, and hydrofluorocarbons in coal mining, agriculture and animal husbandry, waste treatment, and chemical production sectors, and promote the formation of 30 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent reduction capacity.

05 非二氧化碳温室气体减排 在煤矿开采、种植养殖、废物处理、化工品生产等领域实施甲烷、氧化亚氮、氢氟碳化物等非二氧化碳温室气体治理工程，推动形成3000万吨二氧化碳当量减排能力。

06 Enhancement of Basic Capacity for Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality

Build the national carbon emission data comprehensive management system, national greenhouse gas emission factor database, and national carbon measurement laboratory. Strengthen innovation and engineering application of carbon dioxide capture and biological absorption technology, promote the construction of carbon capture, utilization, and storage demonstration projects.

06 碳达峰碳中和基础能力提升 建设国家碳排放数据综合管理系统、国家温室气体排放因子数据库、国家碳计量实验室。加强二氧化碳捕集和生物消纳技术创新及工程化应用，推进碳捕集利用与封存示范项目建设。

Chapter 48: Continuously Improve Environmental Quality

Persist in environmental protection for the people, comprehensively implement precise, scientific, and law-based pollution control, further focus on source control, strengthen coordination of carbon and pollution reduction, coordination of multiple pollutant control, and regional remediation coordination, and accelerate the transformation of environmental quality improvement from quantitative change to qualitative change.

第四十八章 持续改善环境质量 坚持环保为民，全面落实精准科学依法治污，更加注重源头治理，强化减污降碳协同、多污染物控制协同、区域治理协同，加快推动环境质量改善由量变到质变。

Section 1: Deeply Fight the Blue Sky, Clear Water, and Clean Soil Defense

Continue to deepen the advancement of pollution prevention and control, with higher standards to improve air, water, and soil environmental quality. With the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, Yangtze River Delta, and Fenwei Plain as key battle areas, strengthen fine particulate matter (PM2.5) control, deeply promote ultra-low emission renovation of key industries, advance source substitution and full-process governance of volatile organic compounds, formulate the next stage vehicle emission and fuel quality standards, deepen air environmental performance classification management, reduce nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compound emissions by more than 8% respectively, and further eliminate severely polluted weather. Strengthen air pollution prevention and control in the middle Yangtze River and Chengdu-Chongqing regions. Strengthen governance of restaurant cooking fumes, odor nuisance, and environmental noise pollution. Coordinately govern water resources, water environment, and aquatic ecosystems; focusing on resolving prominent issues across full watersheds and across provincial boundaries, strengthen systematic governance and ecological protection of important rivers, lakes, and reservoirs; basically complete environmental investigation and remediation of pollutant discharge outlets into rivers and seas in key watersheds and seas; reduce chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus emissions by 6% respectively; consolidate the achievement of urban black odor water body treatment, and basically eliminate county and township black odor water bodies. Strengthen source control of soil pollution, and promote safe utilization of polluted cultivated land and construction land.

第一节 深入打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战 持续深入推进污染防治攻坚，以更高标准改善大气、水、土壤环境质量。以京津冀及周边、长三角、汾渭平原等重点区域为主战场，强化细颗粒物（PM2.5）控制，深入推进重点行业超低排放改造，推动挥发性有机物源头替代和全流程治理，制定下一阶段机动车排放和油品质量标准，深化大气环境绩效分级管理，氮氧化物、挥发性有机物排放量分别下降8%以上，进一步消除重污染天气。加强长江中游、成渝等区域大气污染防治。加强餐饮油烟、恶臭异味和环境噪声污染治理。统筹水资源、水环境、水生态治理，以解决全流域和跨省界突出问题为重点，加强重要江河湖库系统治理和生态保护，基本完成重点流域海域入河入海排污口排查整治，化学需氧量、总磷排放量分别下降6%，巩固城市黑臭水体治理成效、基本消除县乡黑臭水体。加强土壤污染源头防控，推进受污染耕地、建设用地安全利用。

Section 2: Strengthen Environmental Risk Prevention and Control

Normalize the management of ecological environmental risks, and effectively ensure public health and safety. Implement comprehensive treatment action for solid waste, actively promote source reduction, process control, end-use utilization, and full-chain environmentally sound management, improve the standardized management level of solid waste disposal. Strengthen full-process supervision of hazardous waste, focus on controlling heavy metal pollution risks, and conduct investigation and remediation of legacy hidden hazards such as waste slag, mining, and tailings dams. Deeply promote the treatment of emerging pollutants, establish a collaborative treatment and risk management system for persistent organic pollutants, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, antibiotics, and microplastics. Promote high-standard design, high-quality construction, and high-level operation of nuclear facilities, deepen supervision of first and new nuclear reactor safety, strengthen retirement and management of aging facilities and disposal of radioactive waste, and improve radiation environmental monitoring capabilities. Improve a cross-region and cross-department linkage emergency response system for sudden environmental events. Conduct health risk assessment of ecological environment in key regions.

第二节 加强环境风险防控 常态化管控生态环境风险，有效保障公众健康安全。实施固体废物综合治理行动，积极推进源头减量、过程管控、末端利用和全链条无害化管理，提升固体废物处置规范管控水平。强化危险废物全过程监管，重点管控重金属污染风险，开展废渣、矿山、尾矿库等历史遗留隐患排查整治。深入推进新污染物治理，建立持久性有机污染物、内分泌干扰物、抗生素、微塑料等协同治理和风险管控体系。推动核设施高标准设计、高质量建设、高水平运行，深化首堆新堆安全监管，加强老旧设施退役治理和放射性废物处置，提升辐射环境监测能力。完善跨区域、跨部门联动的突发环境事件应急响应体系。开展重点区域生态环境健康风险评估。

Section 3: Improve the Modern Environmental Governance System

Improve responsibility system, supervision system, legal and regulatory standards system, and improve environmental governance effectiveness. Implement ecological environmental protection responsibility of all levels of Party committees and governments and their leaders, deeply advance central and provincial ecological environmental protection inspections, improve inspection support and guarantee capability and modernization level of monitoring and supervision. Continuously construct national ecological civilization pilot zones. Conduct evaluation of the achievements of beautiful China construction, and develop beautiful China pilot zones. Deeply advance ecological environmental zoning and control, strengthen coordination with national territorial space planning, and coordinately optimize industrial layout. Accelerate the implementation of the fixed-source pollution control supervision system with pollutant discharge permits as the core. Update pollutant emission and environmental quality standards, and construct an environmental credit supervision system.

第三节 健全现代环境治理体系 健全责任体系、监管体系、法律法规标准体系，提高环境治理效能。落实各级党委政府及领导干部生态环境保护责任，深入推进中央和省级生态环境保护督察，提升督察支撑保障能力和监测监管现代化水平。持续建设国家生态文明试验区。开展美丽中国建设成效考核，建设美丽中国先行区。深入推进生态环境分区管控，加强同国土空间规划衔接，协同优化产业布局。加快落实以排污许可制为核心的固定污染源监管制度。更新污染物排放和环境质量标准，构建环境信用监管体系。

Special Column 21: Environmental Quality Enhancement

专栏21 环境质量提升

01 Air Pollution Prevention Enhancement

Complete ultra-low emission renovation of 500 million tons of cement clinker production capacity and 100 million tons of coking capacity. Accelerate the replacement of National IV and below cargo trucks and National II and below construction machinery, and promote scrapping and renewal of aging operating vessels. Focusing on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas, gradually phase out industrial coal-fired boilers of 65 tons/hour and below, promote integration and exit of clay brick production lines of 600 million standard bricks/year and below, complete comprehensive denitrification renovation of coal-fired power plants at full load, and conduct comprehensive air pollution treatment of industrial clusters.

01 大气污染防治提升 完成5亿吨水泥熟料产能、1亿吨焦化产能超低排放改造。加快更新国四及以下货车和国二及以下工程机械，推进老旧营运船舶报废更新。以京津冀及周边地区为重点，逐步淘汰65蒸吨/小时及以下的工业燃煤锅炉，推动6000万标砖/年以下烧结砖生产线整合退出、燃煤电厂完成全负荷脱硝改造，开展产业集群大气污染综合治理。

02 Coordinated Governance of Water Resources, Water Environment, and Water Ecology

Taking the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River, Huai River, Songhua River and other watersheds as the focus, conduct comprehensive treatment and control of phosphorus concentration exceeding standard sections and water ecological comprehensive treatment. Implement treatment and control of total nitrogen in nationally controlled rivers entering the sea, advance standardized construction of drinking water sources. Coordinately conduct ecological protection and treatment of 30 key lakes and reservoirs including Taihu, Danjiangkou Reservoir, Chaohu, Erhai, Baiyangdian, and Wulansuhai, and strengthen the protection and governance of the Grand Canal. Promote the construction and renovation of urban sewage collection and treatment facilities. Implement reclaimed water utilization projects in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Yellow River watershed.

02 水资源、水环境、水生态统筹治理 以长江、黄河、珠江、淮河、松花江等流域为重点，开展总磷浓度超标断面整治和水生态综合治理。实施国控入海河流总氮治理与管控，推进饮用水水源地规范化建设。统筹开展太湖、丹江口库区、巢湖、洱海、白洋淀、乌梁素海等30个重点湖库生态保护治理，加强大运河保护治理。推进城镇生活污水收集处理设施建设改造。实施京津冀、黄河流域再生水利用工程。

03 Source Prevention and Control and Treatment of Soil Pollution

Focus on petrochemical and chemical industries, implement soil pollution source prevention and control projects. Conduct investigation and remediation of heavy metal soil pollution along key counties’ farmland. Implement special soil pollution treatment projects for chemical plant withdrawal land plots within 1 kilometer of the Yangtze River coast.

03 土壤污染源头防控和治理 聚焦石化、化工等行业，实施土壤污染源头防控项目。开展重点县农用地土壤重金属溯源整治。实施长江沿线1公里化工腾退地块土壤污染专项治理工程。

04 Comprehensive Treatment of Solid Waste

Promote environmental risk investigation and remediation of phosphogypsum stockpiles in the Yangtze River watershed. Build and retrofit facilities for construction waste collection, temporary storage, resource recovery and utilization, and disposal. Upgrade urban living garbage classification collection and transfer facilities, with garbage clearance capacity reaching 750,000 tons per day.

04 固体废物综合治理 推进长江流域磷石膏库环境风险隐患排查治理。建设改造建筑垃圾收集、临时贮存、资源化利用、处置等设施。升级改造城市生活垃圾分类投放及收集转运设施，垃圾清运能力达到75万吨/日。

05 Key Control of Hazardous Waste

Promote renovation and upgrade of substandard hazardous waste landfills, and conduct comprehensive closure and remediation of decommissioned hazardous waste landfills. Conduct systematic treatment of tailings dam pollution areas in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area and upstream reaches, and implement a number of environmental safety hazard remediation projects for legacy heavy metal mining areas.

05 危险废物重点管控 推动未达标危险废物填埋场改造提升，对退役危险废物填埋场进行封场综合治理。开展丹江口库区及上游等尾矿库污染区域系统治理，实施一批历史遗留重金属矿区环境安全隐患整治项目。

06 Collaborative Treatment of Emerging Pollutants

Implement a number of emerging pollutant collaborative treatment demonstration projects in industrial wastewater, municipal wastewater, and livestock and poultry farming sectors. Conduct collaborative monitoring and hazard assessment of emerging pollutants, and improve the level of emerging pollutant discovery, tracking, and response. Layout and construct national and watershed-based emerging pollutant treatment technology centers.

06 新污染物协同治理 在工业废水、城镇污水、畜禽养殖等领域实施一批新污染物协同治理示范项目。实施新污染物协同监测和危害评估，提升新污染物发现、跟踪和应对水平。布局建设国家和流域性新污染物治理技术中心。

Chapter 49: Enhance Diversity, Stability, and Sustainability of Ecological Systems

Persist in integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, fields, grasslands, and sands, coordinate natural recovery and artificial restoration, further focus on quality improvement and industry development benefiting the people, and construct a protection and governance framework extending from mountaintops to the ocean.

第四十九章 提升生态系统多样性稳定性持续性 坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，统筹自然恢复和人工修复，更加注重提质兴业利民，构建从山顶到海洋的保护治理大格局。

Section 1: Consolidate and Optimize Ecological Security Barriers

Coordinately advance major projects for protecting and restoring important ecological systems, and continuously consolidate the national ecological security barrier system with “three zones and four belts” as its framework. Win the Three-North Shelterbelt Project advancement war and drive three major signature campaigns to achieve decisive victories. Deeply advance ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, strengthen treatment of water and soil loss and desertification in key regions. Scientifically implement large-scale national land greening initiatives, advance precision improvement of forest quality and construction of national reserve forests, with forest stock volume reaching 224 billion cubic meters, coordinately conduct grassland ecological restoration and rational utilization, and strengthen wetland protection and restoration. Advance treatment of over-exploitation of surface water and groundwater, and conduct ecological restoration of legacy abandoned mines.

第一节 巩固和优化生态安全屏障 统筹推进重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程，持续巩固以“三区四带”为骨架的国家生态安全屏障体系。打好“三北”工程攻坚战，推动三大标志性战役取得决定性胜利。深入推进青藏高原生态保护，加强重点区域水土流失治理和石漠化治理。科学开展大规模国土绿化行动，推进森林质量精准提升和国家储备林建设，森林蓄积量达到224亿立方米，统筹草原生态修复与合理利用，加强湿地保护修复。推进超引地表水和超采地下水治理，开展历史遗留废弃矿山生态修复。

Section 2: Comprehensively Advance Natural Protected Area System Construction

Implement integration and optimization of natural protected areas, implement classified management and zoning control, and establish and improve the natural protected area system with national parks as the main body. Orderly establish new national parks, and enhance the ecological service functions of nature reserves and natural parks. Implement major projects for biodiversity conservation, with protection of flagship species and key species as the focus, strengthen the protection and restoration of important habitats, ecological corridors, and migratory bird routes, continuously strengthen the protection of aquatic life in the Yangtze River, develop a national botanical garden system, and strengthen the protection of ancient and famous trees. Strengthen forest and grassland fire prevention and extinguishing, harmful organism prevention and control, and strengthen monitoring and control of invasive alien species.

第二节 全面推进自然保护地体系建设 实施自然保护地整合优化，落实分级管理和分区管控，建立健全以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系。有序设立新的国家公园，提升自然保护区、自然公园生态服务功能。实施生物多样性保护重大工程，以旗舰物种、关键物种保护为重点，加强重要栖息地、生态廊道和候鸟迁飞通道保护修复，持续加强长江水生生物保护，建设国家植物园体系，强化古树名木保护。加强森林草原防灭火、有害生物防治，强化外来入侵物种监测管控。

Section 3: Improve Ecological Protection Mechanisms

Persist in combining strict constraints with enhanced incentives, and mobilize the endogenous motivation of the entire society to protect the ecology. Strictly implement ecological protection red line management system, strengthen investigation and remediation of ecological destruction problems, and conduct assessment of ecological protection and restoration achievements. Improve natural resource asset property rights and management systems, and comprehensively advance asset investigation, accounting, and rights confirmation and registration. Improve diversified ecological compensation mechanisms, and improve transfer payment in key ecological function areas and compensation policies for important ecological systems such as forests and grasslands, perfect the dynamic adjustment mechanism for compensation standards, advance horizontal compensation focusing on watersheds, develop market-based ecological compensation, and explore comprehensive ecological compensation. Implement approaches suited to local conditions to expand the realization pathways for ecological product value. Improve the ecological environment damage compensation system. Deepen collective forest rights system and state-owned forest area reforms, and accelerate the construction of modernized state-owned forest farms.

第三节 健全生态保护机制 坚持严格约束和增强激励并重，激发全社会保护生态内生动力。严格落实生态保护红线管理制度，强化生态破坏问题排查整治，开展生态保护修复成效评估。健全自然资源资产产权和管理制度，全面推进资产调查核算和确权登记。完善多元化生态补偿机制，健全重点生态功能区转移支付和森林、草原等重要生态系统补偿政策，完善补偿标准动态调整机制，以流域为重点开展横向补偿，发展市场化生态补偿，探索生态综合补偿。因地制宜拓展生态产品价值实现渠道。完善生态环境损害赔偿制度。深化集体林权制度和国有林区改革，加快建设现代化国有林场。

Special Column 22: Ecological Protection and Restoration

专栏22 生态保护修复

01 Sixth Phase of the Three-North Shelterbelt Project

Focusing on consolidating the northern ecological security barrier, win the Yellow River “Geometric Bend” advancement war, the Horqin and Hunshandake Desert elimination war, and the Hexi Corridor-Tarim Desert edge defense war, achieving the forest and grass coverage rate in the Three-North project area of 40.9%, the treatment rate of treatable desertified land of 67%, and the comprehensive vegetation coverage of desertified land of 22%, promoting ecological protection and restoration of key Yellow River ecological areas, the northern sand prevention belt, and the northeast forest belt.

01 “三北”工程六期 围绕筑牢北方生态安全屏障，打好黄河“几字弯”攻坚战、科尔沁和浑善达克沙地歼灭战、河西走廊—塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘阻击战，实现“三北”工程区林草覆盖率达到40.9%，可治理沙化土地治理率达到67%，沙化土地综合植被盖度达到22%，促进黄河重点生态区、北方防沙带、东北森林带生态保护修复。

02 Ecological Protection and Restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Barrier Area

With the goal of accelerating the construction of a national ecological civilization highland, strengthen protection of plateau forests, meadow grasslands, snowy mountains, glaciers, and permafrost, significantly increase the treatment of black soil degraded grasslands and desertified grasslands, advance comprehensive treatment of desertified lands and important wetland ecological function recovery, improve the protection support system for the “Chinese Water Tower” of the three river source areas, complete the restoration of 2.5 million hectares of degraded grasslands and comprehensive treatment of 1 million hectares of desertified lands.

02 青藏高原生态屏障区生态保护和修复 以加快建设国家生态文明高地为目标，加强高原森林、草甸草原、雪山冰川冻土等保护，加大黑土滩型退化草原和沙化草原治理力度，推进沙化土地综合治理和重要湿地生态功能恢复，健全三江源“中华水塔”保护支持体系，完成退化草原修复250万公顷，沙化土地综合治理100万公顷。

03 Ecological Protection and Restoration of Key Areas in the Yangtze River Region

Strengthen comprehensive treatment of water and soil loss and desertification, promote ecological protection and restoration of river-lake wetlands such as Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake, implement forest tending and low-quality low-efficiency forest renovation, add 6 million hectares of water and soil loss treatment area and 1.3 million hectares of desertification treatment area.

03 长江重点生态区生态保护和修复 加强水土流失、石漠化综合治理，推动鄱阳湖、洞庭湖等河湖湿地生态保护和修复，实施森林抚育和低质低效林改造，新增水土流失治理面积600万公顷、石漠化土地治理面积130万公顷。

04 Ecological Protection and Restoration of Southern Hilly and Mountainous Belts

Improve the shelter forest system, promote desertification treatment in karst areas, strengthen important wetland protection and restoration, continuously improve the ecological quality of key regions such as Nanling Mountains, Wuyi Mountains, and Huanghuai Karst areas, add 300,000 hectares of desertification treatment area, and complete afforestation and forest management of 110,000 hectares.

04 南方丘陵山地带生态保护和修复 完善防护林体系，推动岩溶地区石漠化治理，加强重要湿地保护修复，持续提升南岭山地、武夷山、湘桂岩溶地区等重点区域生态质量，新增石漠化土地治理面积30万公顷，完成营造林11万公顷。

05 Coastal Zone Ecological Protection and Restoration

Focusing on building a coastal zone ecological security barrier with harmonious human-ocean relationships and safe resilience, restore damaged and degraded beaches and ecosystems, conduct comprehensive treatment of ecological disasters such as green algae disasters, enhance the quality and stability of typical ecosystems such as mangrove forests, coral reefs, and seagrass beds, remediate and restore 20,000 hectares of coastal wetlands, and restore 400 kilometers of coastline.

05 海岸带生态保护和修复 围绕建设人海和谐、安全韧性的海岸带生态安全屏障，修复受损退化岸滩和生态系统，开展浒苔绿潮等生态灾害综合治理，提升红树林、珊瑚礁、海草床等典型生态系统质量和稳定性，整治修复滨海湿地2万公顷，修复海岸线400公里。

06 Natural Protected Area System Construction and Wildlife Protection

Enhance the protection management, scientific research and monitoring, and science popularization and education capabilities of national parks and other natural protected areas, advance the establishment of national botanical gardens such as Shanghai Chenshan and Xishuangbanna. Strengthen recovery of important wildlife habitats and construction of centers for rescue of rare and endangered wildlife species, germplasm breeding and wild release bases.

06 自然保护地体系建设与野生动植物保护 提升国家公园等自然保护地保护管理、科研监测、科普宣教等能力，推进上海辰山、西双版纳等国家植物园设立。加强野生动植物重要栖息地恢复和珍稀濒危野生动植物救护中心、种源繁育及野化放归等基地建设。

INSERT MAP FROM PAGE 119

Figure 3: Layout Map of Major Projects for Important Ecosystem Protection and Restoration / 图 3 重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程布局图

Legend / 图例: “Three-North” Project Area / “三北”工程区; Yellow River Key Ecological Area / 黄河重点生态区; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Barrier Area / 青藏高原生态屏障区; Yangtze River Key Ecological Area / 长江重点生态区; Southern Hilly and Mountainous Belt / 南方丘陵山地带; Northern Sand Prevention Belt / 北方防沙带; Northeast Forest Belt / 东北森林带; Coastal Zone Protection and Restoration / 海岸带保护修复.

Chapter 50: Accelerate the Formation of Green Production and Living Patterns

Emphasize conservation as the priority, strengthen policy incentives, and encourage the participation of the entire society, accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of development patterns, form new green production patterns and new living trends.

第五十章 加快形成绿色生产生活方式 突出节约优先、强化政策激励、引导全社会参与，加快发展方式绿色低碳转型，形成绿色生产新方式和生活新风尚。

Section 1: Strengthen Conservation and Intensive Use of Resources

Perfect resource total volume management and comprehensive conservation systems, strengthen full-process management and full-chain conservation of water, land, mineral, and other resources. Improve the level of water resource conservation and secure utilization, comprehensively implement the rigid constraint system for water resources, strengthen agricultural water conservation and efficiency enhancement, industrial water conservation and emission reduction, and urban water conservation and loss reduction, reduce water use per unit of GDP by 10%, and improve the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water to 0.6. Improve the efficiency of construction land utilization, promote the application of land conservation technologies and patterns, control the scale of newly increased construction land within 26 million acres. Improve the comprehensive utilization level of mineral resources, comprehensively promote green exploration and green mine construction. Promote the development of circular economy, improve waste material recycling utilization systems, and under the premise of ensuring zero imported solid waste, orderly advance the import and utilization of overseas quality recycled raw materials, develop and expand the remanufacturing industry, with the annual utilization of bulk solid waste reaching approximately 4.5 billion tons.

第一节 加强资源节约集约利用 完善资源总量管理和全面节约制度，加强水、土地、矿产等资源全过程管理和全链条节约。提高水资源集约安全利用水平，全面落实水资源刚性约束制度，强化农业节水增效、工业节水减排、城镇节水降损，单位GDP用水量下降10%，农田灌溉水有效利用系数提高到0.6。提升建设用地利用效率，推广应用节地技术和节地模式，新增建设用地规模控制在2600万亩以内。提升矿产资源综合利用水平，全面推进绿色勘查和绿色矿山建设。促进循环经济发展，健全废弃物循环利用体系，在确保固体废物零进口前提下有序推进海外优质再生原料进口利用，发展壮大再制造产业，大宗固体废弃物年利用量达到45亿吨左右。

Section 2: Improve the Green Development Policy System

Innovate protection and investment incentive mechanisms, implement fiscal, financial, investment, price, scientific and technological, and environmental protection policies to promote green and low-carbon development. Optimize the green tax system, conduct environmental protection tax collection pilot for volatile organic compounds, and implement tax incentives supporting resource conservation and green product use. Enrich green financial products and services, orderly advance carbon finance product and derivative tool innovation, improve the green finance evaluation system for financial institutions, and encourage the increase of investment ratio in green and low-carbon sectors. Improve the green certificate trading mechanism, and perfect pricing policies that encourage flexible power sources to participate in system adjustment. Establish and improve the green and low-carbon standards system, and drive the improvement and mutual recognition of international rules and standards.

第二节 健全绿色发展政策体系 创新保护和投入激励机制，实施促进绿色低碳发展的财税、金融、投资、价格、科技、环保等政策。优化绿色税收制度，开展挥发性有机物环境保护税征收试点，落实支持资源节约和绿色产品使用的税收优惠。丰富绿色金融产品和服务，有序推进碳金融产品和衍生工具创新，健全金融机构绿色金融考核评价体系，鼓励提升绿色低碳领域投资比例。健全绿证交易机制，完善鼓励灵活性电源参与系统调节的价格政策。建立健全绿色低碳标准体系，推动引领国际规则标准完善和衔接互认。

Section 3: Launch Green and Low-Carbon Universal Action

Strongly promote the philosophical concept and consumption patterns of simplicity and appropriateness, green and low-carbon, and civilized health. Guide the public to conserve water and electricity use, oppose extravagance and waste, promote “clean plate action,” resist excessive packaging, reduce the use of disposable products, accelerate “replacing plastic with bamboo” development, and prioritize green travel patterns. Encourage enterprises to improve green design and manufacturing levels, reduce product life-cycle energy and resource consumption and ecological environmental impacts. Improve the level of garbage classification and resource recovery and utilization. Improve the green consumption incentive mechanism, and expand the scope and scale of government procurement of green products.

第三节 开展绿色低碳全民行动 大力倡导简约适度、绿色低碳、文明健康的生活理念和消费方式。引导公众节约用水用电、反对铺张浪费、推广“光盘行动”、抵制过度包装、减少一次性用品使用，加快“以竹代塑”发展，优先选择绿色出行方式。鼓励企业提高绿色设计和制造水平，降低产品全生命周期能源资源消耗和生态环境影响。提高垃圾分类和资源化利用水平。健全绿色消费激励机制，拓展政府采购绿色产品范围和规模。

Part 14: Advancing Modernization of National Security System and Capacity - Building a Higher Level Safe China

Unwaveringly implement the overall national security perspective, accelerate the construction of a new security pattern, strengthen the strategic initiative in maintaining and shaping national security, follow the socialist social governance path with Chinese characteristics, and ensure society remains vibrant and orderly.

第十四篇 推进国家安全体系和能力现代化 建设更高水平平安中国 坚定不移贯彻总体国家安全观，加快构建新安全格局，增强维护和塑造国家安全战略主动，走中国特色社会主义社会治理之路，确保社会生机勃勃又井然有序。

Chapter 51: Strengthen National Security System and Capacity Building

Persist in using strategy as the guide, policies as the tool, law-based governance as the guarantee, and risk prevention and control as the anchor point, consolidate the centralized, unified, and efficient national security leadership system, develop and implement a national security strategy, perfect the national security rule-of-law system, strategy system, policy system, and risk prevention and control system. Strengthen coordination mechanisms for key national security areas and important special projects, and improve emergency response and adaptation effectiveness. Implement the national security responsibility system, promote coordination and linkage across the entire chain and all elements, form systemic synergy. Strengthen national security capacity building in key areas, forge practical and useful national security capabilities, emphasize protection of major security matters related to national long-term stability and peace, economic health and stability, and people’s peaceful and prosperous lives, place political security safeguarding in the first position, firmly maintain regime security, system security, and ideological security, severely crackdown on infiltration, sabotage, subversion, and separatist activities by hostile forces. Consolidate the foundational guarantee for national security, and strengthen national security capacity building in emerging areas. Protect national security secrets in key sectors. Improve mechanisms for national security involving foreign relations, build an overseas security guarantee system, strengthen struggles against sanctions, interference, and “long-arm jurisdiction,” and deepen international law enforcement and security cooperation. Strengthen national security education, and build a people’s defense line.

第五十一章 加强国家安全体系和能力建设 坚持以战略为先导、政策为抓手、法治为保障、风险防控为落脚点，巩固集中统一、高效权威的国家安全领导体制，制定实施国家安全战略，完善国家安全法治体系、战略体系、政策体系、风险防控体系。强化国家安全重点领域和重要专项协调机制，提高应急应变效能。落实国家安全责任制，促进全链条全要素协同联动，形成体系合力。加强重点领域国家安全能力建设，锻造实战实用的国家安全能力，突出保障事关国家长治久安、经济健康稳定、人民安居乐业的重大安全，把捍卫政治安全摆在首位，坚定维护政权安全、制度安全、意识形态安全，严厉打击敌对势力渗透、破坏、颠覆、分裂活动。夯实国家安全基础保障，加强新兴领域国家安全能力建设。维护重点领域国家秘密安全。完善涉外国家安全机制，构建海外安全保障体系，加强反制裁、反干预、反“长臂管辖”斗争，深化国际执法安全合作。强化国家安全教育，筑牢人民防线。

Chapter 52: Ensure National Economic Security

Focus on key varieties to strengthen strategic materials supply, focus on systematic important sectors to prevent and resolve major risks, focus on new industries, new business forms, and new application scenarios to improve weak link risk prevention and control capacity, and promote the comprehensive improvement of safety guarantee capacity by precisely supplementing shortcomings.

第五十二章 保障国家经济安全 聚焦重点品种加强战略物资保障，聚焦系统重要性领域防范化解重大风险，聚焦新产业新业态新应用场景提升薄弱环节风险防控能力，以精准补齐短板带动安全保障能力全面提升。

Section 1: Enhance Grain Security Guarantee Capacity

Persist in relying on ourselves as the primary approach, rely on domestic supply, ensure production capacity, appropriate imports, and scientific and technological support, enhance the coordinated guarantee capacity of grain production, procurement, storage, processing, and sales, and ensure basic self-sufficiency in cereals and absolute security of staple grain supply. Strictly implement the dual responsibility of Party committees and governments for farmland protection and grain security, firmly maintain the farmland red line. Strengthen grain procurement and storage management, maintain relative stability in the scale of government grain reserves, strengthen reserve adjustment functions, and improve the new grain supervision model. Deeply implement the quality grain project, and advance improvement in grain distribution efficiency. Advance full-chain loss reduction after grain production, and implement the whole grains action plan. Improve chemical fertilizer reserve systems, and strengthen supply stability and price stability of potash and phosphate fertilizers. Establish stable and controllable overseas supply channels, advance diversification of agricultural product imports, appropriately import scarce and high-quality varieties, and promote coordination of trade and production.

第一节 增强粮食安全保障能力 坚持以我为主、立足国内、确保产能、适度进口、科技支撑，提升粮食产购储加销协同保障能力，确保谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全。严格落实耕地保护和粮食安全党政同责要求，严守耕地红线。加强粮食购销和储备管理，保持政府储备粮规模相对稳定，强化储备调节功能，健全粮食监管新模式。深入实施优质粮食工程，推进粮食流通提质增效。推进粮食产后全链条节约减损，实施全谷物行动计划。完善化肥储备制度，加强钾肥、磷肥等保供稳价。建立稳定可控的海外供应渠道，推进农产品进口多元化，适度进口紧缺优质品种，促进贸易和生产相协调。

Section 2: Strengthen Energy and Resource Supply Guarantee

Persist in relying on domestic supply, supplementing shortcomings, ensuring diversified supply, and strengthening reserves, and strengthen the construction of energy production, supply, storage, and sales systems. Persist in domestic self-sufficiency for core oil and gas demand, implement mid- to long-term oil and gas reserve increase and production strategic action, ensure crude oil annual production remains stable at around 200 million tons, natural gas production steadily increases, and strengthen coal-to-oil and coal-to-gas production capacity and technology reserves. Strengthen coordination between government reserves and enterprise reserves, improve the scale of national petroleum reserves, establish more flexible rotation and utilization mechanisms, enhance natural gas reserve adjustment and guarantee capacity, and improve coal reserve systems. Improve the long-term contract system for energy supply, improve electrical power emergency dispatch mechanisms and backup power source allocation, and strengthen energy demand-side management. Strengthen exploration, development, and reserve of strategic mineral resources, deeply implement a new round of mineral discovery breakthrough strategic action, coordinately strengthen product, production capacity, and origin reserves, advance the construction of bulk commodity storage and transportation bases, and improve the safety risk monitoring, early warning, and emergency supply levels for strategic mineral resources. Strengthen international cooperation in energy and resource development, and maintain strategic channel security.

第二节 强化能源资源供应保障 坚持立足国内、补齐短板、多元保障、强化储备，加强能源产供储销体系建设。坚持油气核心需求自主保障，实施中长期油气增储上产战略行动，确保原油年产量稳定在2亿吨左右、天然气产量稳步增长，加强煤制油气产能和技术储备。强化政府储备和企业储备协同，提升国家石油储备规模，建立更加灵活的轮换动用机制，增强天然气储备调节保障能力，完善煤炭储备体系。健全能源保供中长期合同制度，完善电力应急调度机制和备用电源配置，强化能源需求侧管理。加强战略性矿产资源勘探开发和储备，深入实施新一轮找矿突破战略行动，统筹加强产品、产能和产地储备，推动大宗商品储运基地建设，提升战略性矿产资源安全风险监测预警和应急保供水平。加强能源资源开发国际合作，维护战略通道安全。

Section 3: Improve Long-term Mechanisms for Prevention and Resolution of Risks in Key Areas

Strengthen source prevention and control, predictive early warning, and early correction, coordinately advance orderly resolution of risks in real estate, local government debt, and small and medium-sized financial institutions, and strictly prevent systemic risks. Improve supervision of systemically important financial institutions, strengthen macroprudential management of financial markets and cross-border capital flows and other key areas. Establish and improve an all-inclusive local debt monitoring and supervision system and long-term mechanisms for preventing and resolving hidden local government debt risks, strengthen fiscal discipline rigorously, firmly prevent new hidden local government debt, optimize the structure of central and local government debt, and accelerate the reform and transition of local government financing platforms. Support financial institutions to prudently and orderly conduct capital supplementation, improve risk disposal mechanisms for small and medium-sized financial institutions, enrich risk disposal resources and methods, strengthen financial stability guarantee funds, deposit insurance funds, and other industry guarantee funds. Strengthen coordinated financial supervision between the central government and local governments, improve the mechanism for protecting financial consumer rights, and severely crackdown on illegal financial activities. Strengthen financial security safeguards under opening conditions, and perfect monitoring, early warning, and response mechanisms for cross-border capital flows.

第三节 健全防范化解重点领域风险长效机制 强化源头防控、预判预警、早期纠正，统筹推进房地产、地方政府债务、中小金融机构等风险有序化解，严防系统性风险。完善系统重要性金融机构监管，加强金融市场、跨境资本流动等重点领域宏观审慎管理。建立健全全口径地方债务监测监管体系和防范化解隐性债务风险长效机制，严肃财经纪律，坚决遏制新增地方政府隐性债务，优化中央和地方政府债务结构，加快推动地方政府融资平台改革转型。支持金融机构稳妥有序开展资本补充，完善中小金融机构风险处置机制，丰富风险处置资源和手段，充实金融稳定保障基金、存款保险基金和其他行业保障基金。强化央地金融监管协同，健全金融消费者权益保护机制，严厉打击非法金融活动。强化开放条件下金融安全保障，完善跨境资金流动监测预警响应机制。

Section 4: Improve Network Security Guarantee Capacity

Deepen comprehensive governance of network space security, and accelerate the construction of a national network security defense system. Improve foundational systems such as protection of critical information infrastructure security, network security review, and cloud computing service security assessment, and improve regulations such as Internet content management and network platform governance. Severely crackdown on network illegal and criminal activities, and strengthen personal information protection. Continuously conduct “Clean Network” series special actions, treat network rumors, network violence, and other chaos, and create a network environment with clean practices and healthy atmosphere. Support innovation in network security technologies and industry development, and encourage the development of safe and reliable information products and services. Advance the construction of disaster recovery and backup systems, and strengthen network security protection of industrial control systems and new technologies and applications. Deeply participate in global network space governance and international rule-making, and actively expand international network security cooperation.

第四节 提升网络安全保障能力 深化网络空间安全综合治理，加快国家网络安全防御体系建设。健全关键信息基础设施安全防护、网络安全审查、云计算服务安全评估等基础制度，完善互联网内容管理、网络平台治理等法规。严厉打击网络违法犯罪行为，加强个人信息保护。持续开展“清朗”系列专项行动，治理网络谣言、网络暴力等乱象，营造风清气正的网络环境。支持网络安全技术创新和产业发展，鼓励发展安全可靠的信息产品和服务。推进容灾备份体系建设，加强工业控制系统和新技术新应用的网络安全防护。深度参与网络空间全球治理和国际规则制定，积极拓展国际网络安全合作。

Chapter 53: Improve Public Safety Governance Level

Improve the public safety system, advance the transformation of public safety governance model toward early prevention, and effectively protect the life and property safety of the people.

第五十三章 提高公共安全治理水平 完善公共安全体系，推动公共安全治理模式向事前预防转型，切实维护人民群众生命财产安全。

Section 1: Strengthen Food and Drug Safety Supervision

Improve full-chain and full-process supervision mechanisms for food and drugs, and improve the food and drug safety responsibility system. Improve supervision from farmland to table for food safety, strengthen source risk control, improve the level of intelligent supervision, and deepen treatment of key problem agricultural products regarding pesticide residues. Improve strict and efficient drug supervision, deeply implement the drug standards improvement action plan, and strengthen high-risk product sampling and inspection. Improve the quality and therapeutic efficacy consistency evaluation for generic drugs, and strengthen post-marketing clinical use data monitoring. Implement industry supervision, local management, and enterprise principal responsible food and drug safety responsibilities, and increase punishment of illegal and criminal activities. Strictly regulate the development and application of biological technology, and improve the storage and security management capacity of biological data resources.

第一节 强化食品药品安全监管 健全食品药品全链条全过程监管机制，完善食品药品安全责任体系。完善从农田到餐桌的食品安全监管，强化风险源头管控，提高智慧监管水平，深化重点问题农产品药残治理。完善严格高效的药品监管，深入实施药品标准提高行动计划，强化高风险产品抽检抽查。提高仿制药质量和疗效一致性评价质效，加强上市后临床使用数据监测。落实行业监管、属地管理、企业主体的食品药品安全责任，加大违法犯罪行为惩治力度。严格生物技术研发应用监管，提升生物数据资源存储和安全管理能力。

Section 2: Improve Safety Production Level

Strictly implement the dual responsibility of Party committees and governments for safety production and the “three-management, three-must” requirement, and effectively prevent and control major and especially serious accidents. Improve the essential safety level of important infrastructure, accelerate the phasing out and renewal of high-risk processes and equipment in mining, dangerous chemicals, special equipment, and other sectors, and strengthen main principal and special types of work safety training in production and operation units. Improve safety production risk investigation and remediation mechanisms and responsibility accountability mechanisms, urge enterprises to improve safety production management systems, and improve safety production risk prevention and accident disaster emergency response and disposal levels. Improve the quality and efficiency of safety production law enforcement, establish a list of key inspection matters for each industry’s law enforcement, and earnestly carry out central safety production assessment and inspection.

第二节 提高安全生产水平 严格落实安全生产党政同责、“三管三必须”要求，有效防范遏制重特大事故。提升重要基础设施本质安全水平，加快矿山、危险化学品、特种设备等领域高风险工艺和装备淘汰更新，加强生产经营单位主要负责人和特殊工种安全培训。完善安全生产风险排查整治和责任倒查机制，督促企业完善安全生产管理体系，提高安全生产风险防范和事故灾害应急处置水平。提升安全生产执法质效，建立各行业执法检查重点事项清单，扎实开展中央安全生产考核巡查。

Section 3: Improve Emergency Management System

Persist in putting people first and life first, together improve disaster prevention and reduction, disaster prevention and fortification, and disaster relief guarantee capabilities, and effectively reduce losses from various disasters and accidents. Strengthen disaster monitoring, forecasting, and early warning, and improve all-weather real-time monitoring and early warning capability. Reasonably increase the design standards for important cities and disaster-prone areas key infrastructure, and advance the construction of dual-use civil-military public infrastructure. Deepen emergency management reforms, and improve emergency command mechanisms under the framework of major security and major emergencies. Improve the capacity to prevent, reduce, and address disasters and relief, and to respond and ensure major sudden public events, strengthen national comprehensive rescue teams, optimize the structure and layout of professional rescue teams, and improve rescue capacity under extreme conditions. Implement basic-level emergency capability enhancement action, and improve basic-level emergency response and integrated rescue and all-society disaster prevention and avoidance capability. Strengthen the construction and management of emergency plan systems, and improve diversified emergency material reserves and rapid allocation and delivery mechanisms. Improve major disaster risk security systems and risk-sharing mechanisms.

第三节 完善应急管理体系 坚持人民至上、生命至上，一体提升减灾预防、抗灾设防、救灾保障能力，有效降低各类灾害事故损失。加强灾害监测预报预警，提升全天候实时监测预警能力。合理提高重要城市和灾害多发地区关键基础设施设防标准，推进城市平急两用公共基础设施建设。深化应急管理改革，完善大安全大应急框架下应急指挥机制。提高防灾减灾救灾和重大突发公共事件处置保障能力，建强国家综合性消防救援队伍，优化专业救援队伍结构布局，提高极端条件下救援能力。实施基层应急能力提升行动，提高基层应消一体综合救援和全社会防灾避险能力。加强应急预案体系建设和管理，完善多元化应急物资储备和快速调拨投送机制。健全巨灾风险保障体系和风险分担机制。

Chapter 54: Improve Social Governance System

Persist in systemic governance, law-based governance, comprehensive governance, and source governance, improve the social governance system of joint construction, joint governance, and shared benefits, improve the social work system mechanism and the social governance policy and law system, and advance the modernization of social governance.

第五十四章 完善社会治理体系 坚持系统治理、依法治理、综合治理、源头治理，完善共建共治共享的社会治理制度，健全社会工作体制机制和社会治理政策法律法规体系，推进社会治理现代化。

Section 1: Solidify the Foundation of Grassroots Social Governance

Persist in and develop the new era “Fengqiao Experience,” improve the urban and rural grassroots governance system combining autonomous governance, law-based governance, and virtue-based governance led by Party organizations. Strengthen Party-led basic governance and grassroots government construction, comprehensively implement the list of responsibilities for townships (sub-districts), improve the system for preliminary examination of village (community) work items, implement “four work methods down to the grassroots,” and improve practices such as “street and township whistles to summon response from departments.” Promote the shift of social governance and service focus toward the grassroots, strengthen the configuration of basic-level service and management forces, improve service facilities and funding security mechanisms, improve urban and rural community governance systems, and improve basic-level governance platforms combining grid-based management, detailed services, and information support. Improve mechanisms for concentrating and servicing the people’s work, and solidify the people’s foundation for social governance. Mobilize the principal role of the people, and guide all sectors to orderly participate in social governance. Strengthen the team construction of social workers, and improve the level of professional services. Advance coordinated online and offline governance. Strengthen the function of citizen hotlines and other public service platforms, and promote “answering people’s calls and responding with service.”

第一节 夯实基层社会治理根基 坚持和发展新时代“枫桥经验”，健全党组织领导的自治、法治、德治相结合的城乡基层治理体系。加强党建引领基层治理和基层政权建设，全面实施乡镇（街道）履行职责事项清单，健全村（社区）工作事项准入制度，落实“四下基层”，完善“街乡吹哨、部门报到”等做法。推动社会治理和服务重心向基层下移，加强基层服务管理力量配置，完善服务设施和经费保障机制，健全城乡社区治理体系，完善网格化管理、精细化服务、信息化支撑的基层治理平台。健全凝聚服务群众工作机制，夯实社会治理群众基础。发挥人民群众主体作用，引导各方有序参与社会治理。加强社会工作者队伍建设，提高专业化服务水平。推进网上网下协同治理。强化市民热线等公共服务平台功能，推动“民有所呼、我有所应”。

Section 2: Improve Governance Effectiveness in Emerging Areas

Strengthen Party construction in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups, further expand the coverage of Party organizations and work coverage, and strengthen and improve political leadership and service management for all types of social groups. Improve the quality of Party construction work in non-public-owned enterprises, strengthen categorized guidance for Party construction in mixed-ownership enterprises, emphasize doing well in the Party construction work of business districts, buildings, and industrial parks. Strengthen the cultivation and management of social organizations, and promote the reform and development of industry associations and chambers of commerce. Strengthen the management of volunteer service organizations, improve incentive and commendation mechanisms, and develop volunteer services. Strengthen service management and care and concern for new employment groups.

第二节 提升新兴领域治理效能 加强新经济组织、新社会组织、新就业群体党的建设，进一步扩大党的组织覆盖和工作覆盖，加强和改进对各类社会群体的政治引领和服务管理。提升非公有制企业党建工作质量，加强对混合所有制企业党建工作的分类指导，突出抓好商圈楼宇和园区党建工作。加强社会组织培育管理，推动行业协会商会改革发展。加强志愿服务组织管理，完善激励褒奖机制，发展志愿服务。加强新就业群体服务管理和关心关爱。

Section 3: Effectively Maintain Social Safety and Stability

Improve mechanisms for correctly resolving people’s internal contradictions under new circumstances, open and standardize channels for expressing people’s demands, coordinating interests, and protecting rights, and deeply advance source resolution, multi-method resolution, and orderly resolution of conflicts and disputes. Advance the legalization of petition work, continuously conduct lower-level leadership officials receiving and visiting people, and deepen the resolution of prominent petition contradictions. Improve the social psychology service system and crisis intervention mechanisms. Deepen the comprehensive prevention and control system and capacity building for social security, implement the responsibility for maintaining social stability, develop and strengthen the forces for people’s prevention and joint governance, improve the long-term mechanism for eliminating organized crime and evil, and increase efforts in preventing and combatting telecommunications and network fraud and drug crimes. Advance the standardized construction of comprehensive governance centers. Comprehensively and accurately implement the lenient but severe criminal policy, strictly punish illegal and criminal activities according to law, and improve the quality and efficiency of criminal punishment execution. Advance the construction of digital platforms for political-legal work.

第三节 有效维护社会安全稳定 完善正确处理新形势下人民内部矛盾机制，畅通和规范群众诉求表达、利益协调、权益保障通道，深入推动矛盾纠纷源头化解、多元化解、有序化解。推进信访工作法治化，持续开展领导干部接访下访，深化信访突出矛盾化解。健全社会心理服务体系和危机干预机制。深化社会治安整体防控体系和能力建设，落实维护社会稳定责任，发展壮大群防群治力量，健全扫黑除恶常态化机制，加大预防和打击电信网络诈骗、毒品犯罪等力度。推进综治中心规范化建设。全面准确贯彻宽严相济刑事政策，依法惩处违法犯罪，提升刑罚执行质效。推进政法工作数字化平台建设。

Special Column 23: Enhancement of Safety Guarantee Capacity in Key Areas

专栏23 重点领域安全保障能力提升

01 Grain Reserves

Integrate and layout the construction and upgrade and renovation of a number of grain storage facilities, and steadily increase the scale of high-standard granaries. Upgrade and renovate grain storage and logistics facilities at certain ports and border checkpoints, and improve the efficiency of grain transfer and transport. Improve grain emergency guarantee capacity.

01 粮食储备 整合布局建设和改造提升一批粮食仓储设施，稳步增加高标准粮仓规模。升级改造若干港口和口岸粮食仓储物流设施，提高粮食中转调运效率。提升粮食应急保障能力。

02 Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, and Reserves

Build the Ordos Basin, Xinjiang, and Bohai Bay oil and gas bases and the Sichuan-Chongqing and East China Sea natural gas bases, and promote the development of coalbed methane in the eastern Ordos Basin. Build major petroleum reserve projects, and build storage facilities such as Daqing Shengping, Changqing Yulin Leilong Bay, Southwest Wanshun field, and Xinjiang Baolang.

02 油气勘探开发和储备 建设鄂尔多斯盆地、新疆、渤海湾油气基地和川渝、东海天然气基地，推动鄂尔多斯盆地东部煤层气开发。建设石油储备重大工程，建设大庆升平、长庆榆林雷龙湾、西南万顺场、新疆宝浪等储气库。

03 Coal-to-Oil and Coal-to-Gas Bases

Advance the construction of strategic coal-to-oil and coal-to-gas bases in Inner Mongolia Ordos, Shaanxi Yulin, Xinjiang Zhundong, and Xinjiang Hami, and do well in project reserves and resource reservation guarantee.

03 煤制油气基地 推进内蒙古鄂尔多斯、陕西榆林、新疆准东、新疆哈密等煤制油气战略基地建设，做好项目储备和资源预留保障。

04 New Round of Mineral Discovery Breakthrough

Focusing on scarce energy minerals, scarce metal minerals and non-metallic minerals, and advantageous minerals, significantly improve the coverage of regional geological survey and mineral resource survey, improve the multi-faceted exploration investment mechanism, increase exploration intensity in key exploration zones and important mining areas, and form a batch of mineral reserve locations.

04 新一轮找矿突破 围绕紧缺能源矿产、紧缺金属矿产和非金属矿产、优势矿产等，大幅提高区域地质调查、矿产资源调查覆盖率，完善多元化勘查投入机制，加大重点勘查区和重要矿山深部勘查力度，形成一批储备矿产地。

05 Strategic Materials Reserves and Emergency Rescue

Build and improve a number of strategic material reserve bases. Strengthen the construction of national regional emergency rescue centers, upgrade and renovate national natural disaster engineering rescue bases, and improve emergency rescue capacity in natural disaster high-risk areas. Strengthen the construction of aviation critical emergency rescue forces.

05 战略物资储备和应急救援 建设提升一批战略物资储备基地。加强国家区域应急救援中心建设，升级改造国家自然灾害工程救援基地，提升自然灾害高风险地区应急救援能力。加强航空关键应急救援力量建设。

06 Disaster Monitoring, Forecasting, and Early Warning System

Build an Earth system data platform, strengthen the construction of monitoring, forecasting, and early warning systems for disasters such as meteorology, hydrology, geology, and earthquakes, and improve ocean observation, forecasting, and early warning capability.

06 灾害监测预报体系 建设地球系统数据平台，加强气象、水文、地质、地震等灾害监测预报预警体系建设，提升海洋观测预报预警能力。

Part 15: Achieving the Centennial Goal of Army Establishment on Schedule - High-Quality Advancement of National Defense and Military Modernization

Implement Xi Jinping’s military thinking, implement the military strategy of the new era, persist in the absolute leadership of the Party over the people’s military, implement the principal responsibility system of the Military Commission, according to the new “three-step” strategy for modernization of national defense and military, advance political construction of the military, reform-driven military strength, science and technology-driven military strength, talent-driven military strength, and law-based military governance, conduct both struggle and military preparations and construction simultaneously, accelerate the coordinated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligence, and improve the strategic capability to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests.

第十五篇 如期实现建军一百年奋斗目标 高质量推进国防和军队现代化 贯彻习近平强军思想，贯彻新时代军事战略方针，坚持党对人民军队绝对领导，贯彻军委主席负责制，按照国防和军队现代化新“三步走”战略，推进政治建军、改革强军、科技强军、人才强军、依法治军，边斗争、边备战、边建设，加快机械化信息化智能化融合发展，提高捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益战略能力。

Chapter 55: Focus on Improving the Quality and Efficiency of National Defense and Military Modernization

Accelerate the modernization of military theory, military organizational forms, military personnel, weapons and equipment, and military governance, improve the combat capability of the people’s military, and effectively fulfill the mission and tasks of the people’s military in the new era.

第五十五章 着力提高国防和军队现代化质量效益 加快军事理论、军队组织形态、军事人员、武器装备和军事治理现代化，提高人民军队打赢能力，有效履行新时代人民军队使命任务。

Section 1: Accelerate Advanced Combat Force Construction

Strengthen strategic deterrence forces, and maintain global strategic balance and stability. Advance the large-scale, practical, and systemic development of new domain and new quality warfare capabilities, accelerate the construction and counter-measures of unmanned and intelligent warfare forces, and strengthen the upgrade and renovation of traditional warfare forces. Coordinate the construction and application of network and information systems, strengthen the development and utilization of data resources, and construct an intelligent military system. Accelerate the construction of modernized logistics. Implement major national defense development projects, accelerate national defense scientific and technological innovation and advanced technology transformation, and accelerate the development of advanced weapons and equipment. Optimize military personnel resource policies and systems, improve the level of military academy education and training, and develop a high-quality professional new-type military personnel team. Implement military theory modernization promotion projects. Deepen strategic and operational planning, earnestly advance practical military training, strengthen the system integration of combat capability, innovate combat force construction and utilization patterns, and enhance the targeting, initiative, and shaping power of military struggle.

第一节 加快先进战斗力建设 壮大战略威慑力量，维护全球战略平衡和稳定。推进新域新质作战力量规模化、实战化、体系化发展，加快无人智能作战力量及反制能力建设，加强传统作战力量升级改造。统筹网络信息体系建设运用，加强数据资源开发利用，构建智能化军事体系。加快建设现代化后勤。实施国防发展重大工程，加紧国防科技创新和先进技术转化，加快先进武器装备发展。优化军事人力资源政策制度，提高军队院校办学育人水平，打造高素质专业化新型军事人才方阵。实施军事理论现代化推进工程。深化战略和作战筹划，扎实推进实战化军事训练，加强作战能力体系集成，创新战斗力建设和运用模式，增强军事斗争针对性、主动性、塑造力。

Section 2: Advance Military Governance Modernization

Improve the leadership and management system and mechanism of the people’s military, and adjust and optimize the joint operations system. Strengthen and improve strategic management, deepen the integration of warfare preparation and construction planning, strengthen operational demand-driven guidance, innovate management methods and approaches, and improve the operational efficiency of the military system and the efficiency of national defense resource utilization. Strengthen major decision-making consultation and assessment and major project supervision, advance military budget management reforms, improve military procurement systems, improve military building statistical assessment systems, comprehensively implement the principle of building the military through frugality, and pursue the path of high-efficiency, low-cost, and sustainable development. Continuously deepen political rectification training, carry forward fine traditions, and strengthen rectification and governance of key industries and sectors. Deeply advance military law-based governance, strengthen the supply and execution supervision of legal regulations and systems, and improve the rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics for the military.

第二节 推进军事治理现代化 完善人民军队领导管理体制机制，调整优化联合作战体系。加强和改进战略管理，深化战建备统筹，强化作战需求牵引，创新管理方法手段，提高军事系统运行效能和国防资源使用效益。加强重大决策咨询评估和重大项目监管，推进军费预算管理改革，改进军事采购制度，完善军队建设统计评估体系，全面落实勤俭建军方针，走高效益、低成本、可持续发展路子。持续深化政治整训，弘扬优良传统，加强重点行业和领域整肃治理。深入推进军队法治建设，加强法规制度供给和执行监督，完善中国特色军事法治体系。

Chapter 56: Consolidate and Improve the Integrated National Strategic System and Capacity

Strengthen military-civilian strategic planning coordination, policy system linkage, and resource element sharing, and promote the simultaneous increase of national defense strength and economic strength. Deepen cross-military-civilian reforms, and construct a work pattern where each fulfills its duty, cooperates closely, and operates in an orderly manner. Accelerate the construction of strategic capability in emerging areas, improve the “green channel” for new frontier science and technology achievements to participate in military applications, and promote the efficient fusion and mutual promotion of new quality productive forces and new quality combat capability. Build an advanced national defense science and technology industrial system, optimize the layout of the national defense science and technology industrial system, improve the defense equipment procurement management system, and advance military-civilian standards unification. Strengthen national defense construction military demand reporting and military-civilian coordination, advance all-encompassing compliance with national defense requirements for major infrastructure, strengthen national defense strategic advance positioning, and improve protection capability for important targets. Persist in military-civilian integration and wartime-peacetime integration, accelerate the construction of national defense mobilization capability, strengthen the construction of reserve forces, coordinate national defense mobilization and emergency management systems, and deepen joint construction and sharing of forces and teams, important facilities, and general-purpose equipment. Strengthen modern border and coastal air defense construction, and advance multi-party coordination to strengthen border and defense consolidation. Deepen universal national defense education, and consolidate military-civilian and military-government unity.

第五十六章 巩固提高一体化国家战略体系和能力 加强军地战略规划统筹、政策制度衔接、资源要素共享，促进国防实力和经济实力同步提升。深化跨军地改革，构建各司其职、紧密协作、规范有序的跨军地工作格局。加快新兴领域战略能力建设，健全前沿科技成果“民参军”绿色通道，推动新质生产力同新质战斗力高效融合、双向拉动。建设先进国防科技工业体系，优化国防科技工业布局，完善装备采购管理体系，推进军民标准通用化。加强国防建设军事需求提报和军地对接，推动重大基础设施全面贯彻国防要求，加强国防战略预制，提高重要目标防护能力。坚持军民一体、平战一体，加快国防动员能力建设，加强后备力量建设，统筹国防动员和应急管理体系，深化力量队伍、重要设施和通用装备共建共享。加强现代边海空防建设，推进党政军警民合力强边固防。深化全民国防教育，巩固军政军民团结。

Part 16: Develop Full-Process People’s Democracy - Improve China’s Socialist Rule-of-Law System

Unwaveringly follow the path of political development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, persist in the organic unity of Party leadership, people’s mastery of state affairs, and law-based governance, and consolidate and develop a vibrant, stable, and united political situation.

第十六篇 发展全过程人民民主 完善中国特色社会主义法治体系 坚定不移走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，巩固和发展生动活泼、安定团结的政治局面。

Chapter 57: Develop Socialist Democracy

Expand people’s orderly political participation, enrich democratic forms at all levels, develop all-process people’s democracy that is more extensive, more comprehensive, and more sound, and ensure that the people exercise democratic elections, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management, and democratic supervision in accordance with law. Maintain, improve, and properly operate the people’s congress system, improve the people’s congress supervision system for administrative organs, supervisory organs, judicial organs, and procuratorial organs, ensure that state organs exercise powers and perform duties in accordance with law, and ensure that people’s masses’ democratic rights and legitimate interests are protected and realized. Persist in and improve the multi-party cooperation and political consultation system under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, give full play to the role of the People’s Political Consultative Conference as a specialized consultation organization, strengthen the coordinated cooperation of various consultation channels, and advance the broad, multi-level, and institutionalized development of consultative democracy. Improve basic-level democratic systems, protect people’s rights to manage basic public affairs and public welfare undertakings in accordance with law, improve the democratic management system for enterprises and institutions with the workers’ congress as the basic form. Improve the mechanism for collecting and consolidating public opinions and public wisdom. Better bring into play the role of unions, Communist Youth League, Women’s Federation, and other mass organizations, strengthen the construction of the industrial worker team, youth development, and women and children’s affairs development policy guarantee. Promote the comprehensive development of human rights. Improve the united front work pattern, and consolidate and develop the broadest patriotic united front. Temper the consciousness of the Chinese nation as a community, and advance the construction of the Chinese nation as a community. Persist in the direction of Sinicization of religion in China, strengthen the legalization of religious affairs governance. Comprehensively implement the Party’s overseas Chinese affairs policy, and better bring together overseas Chinese hearts and strength.

第五十七章 发展社会主义民主 扩大人民有序政治参与，丰富各层级民主形式，发展更加广泛、更加充分、更加健全的全过程人民民主，保证人民依法实行民主选举、民主协商、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督。坚持好、完善好、运行好人民代表大会制度，健全人大对行政机关、监察机关、审判机关、检察机关监督制度，确保国家机关依法行使权力、履行职责，确保人民群众民主权利、合法权益得到维护和实现。坚持和完善中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度，发挥人民政协作为专门协商机构作用，加强各种协商渠道协同配合，推进协商民主广泛多层制度化发展。健全基层民主制度，保障人民依法管理基层公共事务和公益事业，健全以职工代表大会为基本形式的企事业单位民主管理制度。健全吸纳民意、汇集民智工作机制。更好发挥工会、共青团、妇联等群团组织作用，加强产业工人队伍建设、青少年发展、妇女儿童事业发展政策保障。促进人权事业全面发展。完善大统战工作格局，巩固和发展最广泛的爱国统一战线。铸牢中华民族共同体意识，推进中华民族共同体建设。坚持我国宗教中国化方向，加强宗教事务治理法治化。全面贯彻党的侨务政策，更好凝聚侨心侨力。

Chapter 58: Advance Comprehensive Law-Based Governance of the Country

Persist in comprehensive law-based governance of the country, coordinately advance scientific lawmaking, strict law enforcement, fair justice, and universal compliance with law, and better bring into play the guarantee role of the rule of law in consolidating foundations, stabilizing expectations, and benefiting the long term, and build a higher-level socialist rule-of-law state. Strengthen the implementation and supervision of the constitution and laws, and improve institutions and mechanisms for maintaining the unity of the state’s rule of law system. Strengthen legislative planning and legislative review, broaden the channels and methods for the public to participate in the legislative process, improve the quality of lawmaking, and accelerate the revision and amendment of legal regulations in the financial, bidding and procurement, and other sectors. Strengthen rule-of-law government construction, comprehensively implement the filing and review of administrative regulatory documents, and improve mechanisms for substantive resolution of administrative disputes. Increase law enforcement efforts in key sectors related to the interests of the masses, strengthen cross-departmental law enforcement and judicial coordination and supervision. Standardize the operation of judicial power, improve mechanisms for realizing and evaluating judicial justice, and improve the justice, stability, and authoritativeness of judicial judgment. Legally protect personal rights, property rights, and personality rights. Strengthen procuratorial supervision, and strengthen public interest litigation. Improve the national enforcement system, and effectively resolve the “enforcement difficulty” problem. Accelerate the construction of an external rule-of-law system and capability, and improve mechanisms such as international commercial mediation, arbitration, and litigation. Strengthen supervision and inspection of leadership officials’ law-based administration of affairs, and improve comprehensive rule-of-law evaluation mechanisms. Advance the construction of a rule-of-law society, improve universal public legal services, strengthen law-related publicity and education, and foster a social environment where the entire society respects the rule of law, adheres to rules, honors contracts, and maintains justice.

第五十八章 推进全面依法治国 坚持全面依法治国，协同推进科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法，更好发挥法治固根本、稳预期、利长远的保障作用，建设更高水平的社会主义法治国家。加强宪法法律实施和监督，完善维护国家法治统一制度机制。加强立法规划和立法审查，拓宽社会公众参与立法的渠道方式，提高立法质量，加快金融、招标投标等领域法律法规制修订。强化法治政府建设，全面落实行政规范性文件备案审查，完善实质性化解行政争议机制。加大关系群众切身利益的重点领域执法力度，强化跨部门执法司法协同和监督。规范司法权力运行，完善司法公正实现和评价机制，提高司法裁判公正性、稳定性、权威性。依法保障人身权、财产权、人格权。强化检察监督，加强公益诉讼。健全国家执行体制，有效解决“执行难”问题。加快涉外法治体系和能力建设，健全国际商事调解、仲裁、诉讼等机制，支持国际调解院更好发挥作用。加强领导干部依法办事监督检查，完善综合性法治评价工作机制。推进法治社会建设，完善普惠性公共法律服务，加强法治宣传教育，营造全社会崇尚法治、恪守规则、尊重契约、维护公正的良好环境。

Part 17: Persist in and Improve “One Country, Two Systems” - Advance the Cause of National Reunification

Unwaveringly maintain and promote the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macau, unwaveringly advance the great cause of national reunification, and work together to create the great cause of national rejuvenation.

第十七篇 坚持和完善“一国两制” 推进祖国统一 坚定不移维护和促进香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定，坚定不移推进祖国统一大业，携手共创民族复兴伟业。

Chapter 59: Promote the Long-Term Prosperity and Stability of Hong Kong and Macau

Unwaveringly implement the principles of “one country, two systems,” “Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong,” “Macau people governing Macau,” and a high degree of autonomy, implement the principles of “patriots governing Hong Kong” and “patriots governing Macau,” improve the legal governance effectiveness of Hong Kong and Macau, promote the economic and social development of Hong Kong and Macau, and bring into play the unique advantages and important role of Hong Kong and Macau in backing mainland China and linking the world.

第五十九章 促进香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定 坚定不移贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治方针，落实“爱国者治港”、“爱国者治澳”原则，提升港澳依法治理效能，促进港澳经济社会发展，发挥港澳背靠祖国、联通世界独特优势和重要作用。

Section 1: Support Hong Kong and Macau in Consolidating and Improving Competitive Advantages

Support Hong Kong in consolidating and improving its status as an international financial, shipping, and trading center and international aviation hub, strengthen the functions of a global offshore renminbi business hub, international asset and wealth management center, and international risk management center, construct a bulk commodity trading ecosystem and high-value-added supply chain service center. Support Hong Kong in building an international innovation and technology center, deepen the construction of an international legal services and dispute resolution center, regional intellectual property trading center, and Chinese and foreign cultural and artistic exchange center, and accelerate the construction of the northern metropolitan area. Support Macau in the appropriate diversification of its economy, deepen the construction of the world tourism and leisure center, the trade cooperation service platform between China and Portuguese-speaking countries, and an exchange and cooperation base with Chinese culture as the mainstream and multiple cultures coexisting, and enhance the competitiveness of traditional Chinese medicine and health, characteristic finance, high-technology, and exhibition and trade industries. Support Hong Kong and Macau in building an international high-end talent aggregation highland.

第一节 支持港澳巩固提升竞争优势 支持香港巩固提升国际金融、航运、贸易中心和国际航空枢纽地位，强化全球离岸人民币业务枢纽、国际资产及财富管理中心、国际风险管理中心功能，构建大宗商品交易生态圈和高增值供应链服务中心。支持香港建设国际创新科技中心，深化国际法律及解决争议服务中心、区域知识产权贸易中心、中外文化艺术交流中心建设，加快北部都会区建设。支持澳门经济适度多元发展，深化世界旅游休闲中心、中国与葡语国家商贸合作服务平台和以中华文化为主流、多元文化共存的交流合作基地建设，提升中医药大健康、特色金融、高新技术、会展商贸等产业竞争力。支持港澳打造国际高端人才集聚高地。

Section 2: Support Hong Kong and Macau in Better Integrating Into and Serving the Country’s Overall Development

Strengthen economic, trade, scientific and technological, and cultural exchanges and cooperation between Hong Kong and Macau and the mainland, and improve policies and measures to facilitate the development and living of Hong Kong and Macau residents in the mainland. Orderly advance the interconnection of financial markets with the mainland, and deepen innovation cooperation with the mainland in production, academia, and research. Deepen Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau cooperation, and continuously promote breakthroughs in cooperation in key sectors, promote coordinated development of ports, airports, and rail transit, build high-speed rail from Guangzhou to Zhuhai (Macau), and advance the preliminary work for the Hong Kong-Shenzhen western railway. Deepen the integration and coordinated development of Qin and Macau, and high-quality build important cooperation platforms such as Qianhai, Nansha, and Hetao. Build the Macau International Airport Hengqin forward station, and advance the construction of the Macau-Qin international education (university) city. Improve mechanisms for Hong Kong and Macau to better play their roles in the country’s opening to the outside world, support Hong Kong and Macau in deeply participating in high-quality joint construction of the “Belt and Road,” exercise professional service advantages to assist enterprises to “go global.” Bring into play the important window role of Hong Kong and Macau in the exchange and mutual learning of Chinese and Western civilizations.

第二节 支持港澳更好融入和服务国家发展大局 加强港澳与内地经贸、科技、人文等合作，完善便利港澳居民在内地发展和生活政策措施。有序推进与内地金融市场互联互通，深化与内地产学研创新协同。深化粤港澳合作，持续推动重点领域合作实现突破，促进港口、机场和轨道交通协同发展，建设广州至珠海（澳门）高铁，推进港深西部铁路前期工作。深化琴澳一体化发展，高质量建设前海、南沙、河套等重大合作平台。建设澳门国际机场横琴前置货站，推进澳琴国际教育（大学）城建设。健全香港、澳门在国家对外开放中更好发挥作用机制，支持港澳深度参与高质量共建“一带一路”，发挥专业服务优势协助企业“走出去”。发挥港澳在中西文明交流互鉴中的重要窗口作用。

Chapter 60: Promote the Peaceful Development of Cross-Strait Relations and Advance the Great Cause of National Reunification

Persist in the principle of one China and the “1992 Consensus,” deeply implement the Party’s overall strategy for resolving the Taiwan question in the new era, firmly crackdown on “Taiwan independence” separatist forces, oppose interference by external forces, maintain peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait, firmly grasp the initiative and strategic initiative in cross-strait relations, enhance the well-being of compatriots on both sides of the Strait, and firmly safeguard the common home of the Chinese nation.

第六十章 推动两岸关系和平发展、推进祖国统一大业 坚持一个中国原则和“九二共识”，深入贯彻新时代党解决台湾问题的总体方略，坚决打击“台独”分裂势力，反对外部势力干涉，维护台海和平稳定，牢牢把握两岸关系主导权主动权，增进两岸同胞福祉，坚定守护中华民族共同家园。

Section 1: Promote Economic Cooperation Between the Two Sides of the Strait

Continuously introduce and implement policies and measures that benefit Taiwan compatriots and Taiwan enterprises, guide Taiwan compatriots and Taiwan enterprises to actively integrate into and serve the construction of the new development pattern, support Taiwan enterprises in taking root and developing in the mainland, participate in national regional development strategies and joint construction of the “Belt and Road,” strengthen industrial cooperation, and build a common market for the two sides of the Strait. Support the high-quality construction of the demonstration area for cross-strait integration and development in Fujian, and advance the construction of key platforms and cooperation zones for cross-strait cooperation such as Pingtan, Kunshan, and Dongguan. Support the construction of multi-level cross-strait financial markets, and encourage Taiwan-funded enterprises meeting requirements to list in the mainland.

第一节 推动两岸经济合作 持续出台实施惠及台胞台企的政策措施，引导台胞台企积极融入和服务构建新发展格局，支持台企扎根大陆发展，参与国家区域发展战略和共建“一带一路”，加强产业合作，打造两岸共同市场。支持福建高质量建设两岸融合发展示范区，推进平潭、昆山、东莞等两岸合作重点平台和海峡两岸产业合作区建设。支持建设多层次两岸金融市场，鼓励符合条件的台资企业在大陆上市。

Section 2: Deepen Cross-Strait Exchanges

Improve institutions and policies for promoting cross-strait economic and cultural exchange and cooperation, expand personnel exchanges between the two sides of the Strait, and promote cross-strait exchange, interaction, and integration. Deepen cooperation and social security and public resource sharing in education, medical, and other sectors between the two sides. Promote cultural exchanges between the two sides, jointly inherit and carry forward Chinese culture, and increase the sense of national identity, cultural identity, and state identity of Taiwan compatriots. Strengthen exchanges among youth, grassroots, and other sectors, and continuously create better conditions for Taiwan youth to come to the mainland to pursue dreams, build dreams, and realize dreams. Implement the policy of enjoying equal treatment for Taiwan compatriots, and create better conditions for Taiwan compatriots to study, work, and live in the mainland. Unite broad Taiwan compatriots, and create lasting well-being for the Chinese nation.

第二节 深化两岸交流 完善促进两岸经济文化交流合作制度和政策，扩大两岸人员往来，推动两岸交流交往交融。深化两岸教育、医疗等领域合作和社会保障、公共资源共享。促进两岸文化交流，共同传承弘扬中华文化，增进台湾同胞的民族认同、文化认同、国家认同。加强青年、基层等方面交流，持续为台湾青年来大陆追梦筑梦圆梦创造更好条件。落实台湾同胞享受同等待遇政策，为台胞在大陆学习、工作、生活创造更好条件。团结广大台湾同胞，共创中华民族绵长福祉。

Part 18: Strengthen Plan Implementation Guarantee

Persist in and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, steadily advance comprehensive strict Party governance, enhance the Party’s political leadership power, ideological guidance power, mass organization power, and social mobilization power, improve the Party’s capability and level in leading economic and social development, and improve the national economic and social development planning system, and bring together tremendous strength for advancing Chinese modernization.

第十八篇 加强规划实施保障 坚持和加强党的全面领导，持之以恒推进全面从严治党，增强党的政治领导力、思想引领力、群众组织力、社会号召力，提高党领导经济社会发展能力和水平，健全国家经济社会发展规划制度体系，为推进中国式现代化凝聚磅礴力量。

Chapter 61: Persist in and Strengthen the Party Central Committee’s Centralized, Unified Leadership

Resolutely safeguard the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, and fully bring into play the Party’s core role of managing the overall situation and coordinating all parties, and provide fundamental guarantee for advancing plan implementation.

第六十一章 坚持和加强党中央集中统一领导 坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，充分发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，为推进规划实施提供根本保证。

Section 1: Strengthen the Party’s Leadership Over the Entire Process of Plan Implementation

Deeply study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and continuously use the Party’s innovative theory to unify thinking, will, and action. Improve mechanisms for implementing the Party Central Committee’s major decision and deployment, strengthen overall coordination and guidance for plan implementation and promotion, form a plan implementation work pattern with clear division of labor, coordinated linkage, and broad participation, and ensure implementation from top to bottom and effective execution. Improve and implement democratic centralism, persist in scientific decision-making, democratic decision-making, and law-based decision-making. Deeply conduct work on rectifying formalism and reducing the burden on grassroots. The plan’s mid-term assessment, final assessment, and important situations during implementation are timely reported to the Party Central Committee, and all regions and departments should include the implementation of plan goals and tasks as important work content in reports to the Party Central Committee. Coordinately advance the construction of grassroots Party organizations in all sectors, enhance the political function and organizational function of Party organizations, and bring into play the vanguard and exemplary role of Party members. Implement the principle of respecting labor, knowledge, talent, and creation, stimulate the enthusiasm for entrepreneurship, innovation, and creation of the entire society, and form a lively situation where all talents are brought into play, talent is fully utilized, everyone is united, and all work together with concerted effort.

第一节 强化党对规划实施全过程的领导 深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，持续用党的创新理论统一思想、统一意志、统一行动。完善党中央重大决策部署落实机制，加强规划实施的统筹协调和指导推动，形成分工明确、协同联动、广泛参与的规划实施工作格局，确保上下贯通、执行有力。健全和落实民主集中制，坚持科学决策、民主决策、依法决策。深入开展整治形式主义为基层减负工作。规划中期评估、总结评估情况和实施中的重大情况及时向党中央请示报告，各地区各部门要把规划目标任务落实情况作为重要工作内容向党中央报告。统筹推进各领域基层党组织建设，增强党组织政治功能和组织功能，发挥党员先锋模范作用。贯彻尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造的方针，激发全社会干事创业、创新创造活力，形成人尽其才、才尽其用、万众一心、勠力进取的生动局面。

Section 2: Comprehensively Enhance Cadre Team Modernization Building Capacity

Persist in correct personnel orientation, and place political standards in the first position, and build strong leadership teams and cadre forces. Educate and guide cadres at all levels to establish and practice correct achievement perspectives, persist in proceeding from actual conditions and acting according to laws, consciously produce achievements for the people and produce achievements through hard work, use correct achievement perspectives to drive high-quality and sustainable development, and respond to the people’s new demands and expectations with real achievements and actual results. Improve differentiated assessment and evaluation systems, and improve the targeting and scientificity of assessment. Strengthen education, training, and practical exercise, and improve the capability and level of cadre team modernization building. Persist in combining strict management with generous care, and coordinating incentives with constraints, and stimulate the endogenous motivation and overall vitality of the cadre team.

第二节 全面增强干部队伍现代化建设能力 坚持正确用人导向，坚持把政治标准放在首位，建强领导班子和干部队伍。教育和引导各级干部树立和践行正确政绩观，坚持从实际出发、按规律办事，自觉为人民出政绩、以实干出政绩，以正确政绩观推动高质量、可持续的发展，以实绩实效回应人民群众新要求新期待。完善差异化考核评价体系，提高考核的针对性和科学性。强化教育培训和实践锻炼，提高干部队伍现代化建设本领。坚持严管厚爱结合、激励约束并重，激发干部队伍内生动力和整体活力。

Section 3: Improve the Party and State Supervision System

With higher standards and more substantive measures, advance comprehensive strict Party governance, and improve the unified leadership, all-encompassing coverage, authoritative, and efficient Party supervision system, strengthen the regulation and supervision of power allocation and operation, improve institutions and mechanisms that unify authorization, use of power, and checks on power, are clear, transparent, and traceable, enhance the executive power of legal regulations and systems, and foster a political ecology of clean practices and integrity. Strengthen the political responsibility of comprehensive strict Party governance, advance political supervision to be specific, precise, and normalized, and bring into play the role of political inspection as a sharp tool. Persistently implement the spirit of the Central Committee’s eight-point decision, severely correct all types of unhealthy practices, and advance work style building to be normalized and long-term effective. Maintain clear-headed resolve that fighting corruption is forever in progress, coordinately advance the absence of desire to be corrupt, the inability to be corrupt, and the fear to be corrupt, focus on eliminating the soil and conditions for corruption breeding, firmly win the overall battle in fighting corruption, win the protracted war, firmly follow the Chinese path to fighting corruption. Seriously investigate and handle the issue of government-business collusion that undermines the political ecology and economic development environment, strictly examine corruption in concentrated, capital-intensive, and resource-rich sectors, and effectively prevent new types of corruption and hidden corruption, and continuously deepen the rectification of unhealthy practices and corruption problems near the masses. Strengthen supervision of “key minority” leaders and young cadres and other key groups, deepen the investigation of bribery and bribe-taking together. Advance national anti-corruption legislation. Under the leadership of Party supervision, promote the coordination and coordination of various supervision, and deepen the expansion of the coordination and cooperation mechanism between party discipline inspection and supervisory supervision and audit supervision, financial accounting supervision, statistical supervision, and other cooperation. Strengthen international cooperation on fighting corruption, together construct an integrated mechanism for pursuing and preventing escape and recovering stolen assets, and increase the intensity of trans-border corruption governance. Deepen the reform of the party discipline inspection and supervisory system, and strengthen the normalization, law-based, and regularization construction of party discipline inspection and supervisory work.

第三节 完善党和国家监督体系 以更高标准、更实举措推进全面从严治党，健全党统一领导、全面覆盖、权威高效的监督体系，加强对权力配置、运行的规范和监督，健全授权用权制权相统一、清晰透明可追溯的制度机制，增强法规制度执行力，营造风清气正的政治生态。强化全面从严治党政治责任，推进政治监督具体化精准化常态化，发挥政治巡视利剑作用。锲而不舍落实中央八项规定精神，狠刹各种不正之风，推进作风建设常态化长效化。保持反腐败永远在路上的清醒坚定，一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐，着力铲除腐败滋生的土壤和条件，坚决打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战，坚定不移走好中国特色反腐败之路。严肃查处政商勾连破坏政治生态和经济发展环境问题，严查权力集中、资金密集、资源富集领域腐败，有效防治新型腐败和隐性腐败，持续深化整治群众身边不正之风和腐败问题。加强对“一把手”等“关键少数”和年轻干部等重点群体的监督，深化受贿行贿一起查。推进反腐败国家立法。以党内监督为主导，推动各类监督贯通协调，深化拓展纪检监察监督与审计监督、财会监督、统计监督等协作配合机制。加强反腐败国际合作，一体构建追逃防逃追赃机制，加大跨境腐败治理力度。深化纪检监察体制改革，加强纪检监察工作规范化法治化正规化建设。

Chapter 62: Improve the Full-Cycle Promotion Mechanism for Plan Implementation

Implement the national development planning law, improve the unified planning system, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the entire society, and orderly and effectively advance the implementation of all goals and tasks, and ensure that the Party Central Committee’s decision and deployment falls into place.

第六十二章 健全规划实施全周期推进机制 实施国家发展规划法，健全统一规划体系，充分调动全社会积极性主动性创造性，有力有序推进各项目标任务实施，确保党中央决策部署落到实处。

Section 1: Form Synergy of Unified Planning System

Establish and improve the national planning system with accurate positioning, clear boundaries, complementary functions, and unified coordination, and provide effective support for the implementation of national development planning. According to the national development planning simultaneously deploy, simultaneously formulate, and simultaneously implement a batch of national priority special planning and national regional implementation plans. Coordinate the formulation of planning at all levels and of all types, simplify the quantity, improve the quality, and strengthen coordination and connection between plans, prevent plans from being too many and excessive and lacking in practical effect. Standardize the procedures for reporting, examining, and approving various plans, and plans requesting approval from the Party Central Committee and State Council must undergo connection review with the national development planning department of the State Council’s development and reform department, and provincial development plans must be transmitted to the State Council’s development and reform department for connection review according to procedures and implementation. Strengthen the guidance of provincial governments on city and county planning formulation, and ensure that the layout of major industries and major infrastructure meets national strategic priorities. Annual plans should rolling implement the various tasks of the plan, incorporate the plan’s main targets into the annual planning target system and do well at balancing between years. Improve the supporting legal regulations and policy system for the national development planning law, and strengthen standardized management of national priority special plans, and encourage local governments to combine actual conditions to formulate regional development planning regulations.

第一节 形成统一规划体系合力 建立健全定位准确、边界清晰、功能互补、统一衔接的国家规划体系，为国家发展规划实施提供有效支撑。依据国家发展规划同步部署、同步编制、同步实施一批国家级重点专项规划、国家级区域实施方案。统筹各级各类规划编制，精简数量、提高质量，加强规划间衔接协调，防止规划过多过滥、缺乏实效。规范各类规划衔接报审程序，报请党中央、国务院批准的规划须经国务院发展改革部门与国家发展规划进行衔接，省级发展规划须按程序报送国务院发展改革部门进行衔接并做好落实。加强省级政府对市县规划编制的指导，确保重大产业、重大基础设施等布局符合国家战略重点。年度计划要滚动落实规划各项任务，将规划主要指标分解纳入年度计划指标体系并做好年度间综合平衡。完善国家发展规划法配套法规和政策制度体系，加强国家级专项规划规范管理，鼓励地方结合实际制定本地区发展规划条例。

Section 2: Differentiated Implementation of Plan Tasks

Establish and improve plan implementation mechanisms, clarify the division of goals and tasks, and regions and departments should develop concrete working arrangements and promotion measures that are operable and assessable, strengthen the breakdown and implementation of responsibility for binding targets and public services, ecological and environmental protection, and safety guarantee tasks; for expected targets and industrial development, structural adjustment, and other tasks, promote implementation through creating a good policy environment, system environment, and rule-of-law environment. Refine the list of major engineering projects, differentiate the promotion of individual projects and bundled projects landing and implementation, and projects for which preliminary work is conducted during the “15th Five-Year Plan” period, when conditions are mature, follow procedures to promote construction commencement.

第二节 分类推进规划任务落实 建立健全规划实施机制，明确目标任务分工，各地区各部门要制定可操作可评估的具体工作安排和推进措施，对约束性指标和公共服务、生态环保、安全保障等任务，强化责任分解落实；对预期性指标和产业发展、结构调整等任务，通过创造良好政策环境、体制环境和法治环境推进落实。细化重大工程项目清单，分类推进单体项目、打捆项目落地实施，“十五五”期间开展前期工作的项目，条件成熟的按程序推动开工建设。

Section 3: Strengthen Policy Coordination Guarantee

Surrounding the implementation of the national development planning, improve mechanisms for policy coordination and work cooperation. Make the national development planning as an important basis for consistency evaluation of macro-policy orientation, and ensure that the direction of force from all types of policies conforms to the requirements of the national development planning. Strengthen the financial guarantee from mid-term fiscal planning and annual budget arrangements for plan implementation, and prioritize central financial funds for major strategic tasks, major policy measures, and major engineering projects determined by the plan. Financial policy should actively support the key development sectors determined by the plan. Persist in projects following planning, funds and elements following projects, supervision following projects and funds, and accelerate the examination and approval of major engineering projects determined by the plan, prioritize the guarantee of plan siting, land use, sea use, and funding demand, and element demand for single major engineering projects is uniformly guaranteed by the state. Strengthen accompanying and penetrating supervision and full-process and full-cycle safety management for major engineering projects.

第三节 强化政策协同保障 围绕实施国家发展规划，健全政策协调和工作协同机制。将国家发展规划作为宏观政策取向一致性评估的重要依据，确保各类政策发力方向符合国家发展规划要求。强化中期财政规划和年度预算安排对规划实施的财力保障，中央财政资金优先投向规划确定的重大战略任务、重大政策举措和重大工程项目。金融政策要积极支持规划确定的重点发展领域。坚持项目跟着规划走、资金和要素跟着项目走、监管跟着项目和资金走，加快规划确定的重大工程项目审批核准，优先保障规划选址、用地用海和资金需求，单体重大工程项目用地等要素需求由国家统一保障。加强对重大工程项目的伴随式穿透式监管和全过程全周期安全管理。

Section 4: Strengthen Plan Implementation Monitoring, Assessment, and Supervision

Conduct dynamic monitoring, mid-term assessment, and final assessment of plan implementation, and on the basis of monitoring and assessment, timely propose policy measures to strengthen and improve plan implementation. After the Party Central Committee’s agreement, the mid-term assessment situation is reported to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress according to law, and the final assessment report is according to law submitted to the National People’s Congress, and consciously accept people’s congress supervision. When assessment determines that adjustment to this plan is necessary, the State Council proposes an adjustment plan, after Party Central Committee agreement, requests the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress examination and approval. Integrate the improvement of the Party and state supervision system into plan implementation, and bring into play the role of party discipline inspection and supervisory organs and audit organs and others on supervising plan implementation, and improve the coordination and supervision mechanism for major task implementation across regions and departments. Plan implementation situation is timely made public, and accepts supervision from all sectors of society.

第四节 加强规划实施监测评估和监督 开展规划实施情况动态监测、中期评估和总结评估，根据监测评估情况及时提出加强和改进规划实施的政策举措。经党中央同意后，中期评估情况依法向全国人民代表大会常务委员会报告，总结评估报告依法提交全国人民代表大会，自觉接受人大监督。经评估确需对本规划进行调整时，由国务院提出调整方案，报党中央同意后，提请全国人民代表大会常务委员会审查和批准。把完善党和国家监督体系融入规划实施之中，发挥纪检监察机关和审计机关等对规划实施的监督作用，健全跨地区跨部门重大任务落实协同监督机制。规划实施情况及时公开，接受社会各界监督。