Yom Teruah / Rosh Hoshanna
Master Notes
All scripture references are from The Scriptures 2009 translation unless otherwise noted
'This new moon is the beginning of new moons for you, it is the first new moon of the year for you.'
'And יהוה spoke to Mosheh, saying, Speak to the children of Yisra’ĕl, saying, ‘In the seventh new moon, on the first day of the new moon, you have a rest, a remembrance of Teru‛ah, ‘You do no servile work, and you shall bring an offering made by fire to יהוה.’ ”'
'“Make two silver trumpets for yourself, make them of beaten work. And you shall use them for the gathering of the congregation and for breaking camp. “And when they blow both of them, all the congregation shall meet before you at the door of the Tent of Appointment. “And if they blow one, then the leaders, the heads of the thousands of Yisra’ĕl, shall gather to you. “And when you blow a shout, the camps that lie on the east side shall depart. “And when you blow a shout the second time, then the camps that lie on the south side shall depart – they blow a shout for them to depart.'
'And in the day of your gladness, and in your appointed times, and at the beginning of your new moons , you shall blow the trumpets over your ascending offerings and over your slaughterings of peace offerings . And they shall be a remembrance for you before your Elohim. I am יהוה your Elohim.”'
'One law is for you of the assembly and for the stranger who sojourns with you – a law forever throughout your generations. As you are, so is the stranger before יהוה. One Torah and one right-ruling is for you and for the stranger who sojourns with you.’ ”'
'‘And in the seventh new moon, on the first day of the new moon, you have a set-apart gathering, you do no servile work, it is Yom Teru‛ah And you shall prepare an ascending offering as a sweet fragrance to יהוה: one young bull, one ram, seven lambs a year old, perfect ones, and their grain offering: fine flour mixed with oil, three-tenths of an ĕphah for the bull, two-tenths for the ram, and one-tenth for each of the seven lambs, and one male goat as a sin offering, to make atonement for you, besides the ascending offering with its grain offering for the New Moon, the continual ascending offering with its grain offering, and their drink offerings, according to their right-ruling, as a sweet fragrance, an offering made by fire to יהוה.'
'In the twenty-fifth year of our exile, at Rosh haShanah, on the tenth of the new moon , in the fourteenth year after the city was stricken, on that same day the hand of יהוה came upon me and He brought me there.'
'Oh, clap your hands, all you peoples! Shout to Elohim with a voice of singing! For יהוה Most High is awesome; A great Sovereign over all the earth. He subdues peoples under us, And nations under our feet. He chooses our inheritance for us, The excellence of Ya‛aqoḇ whom He loves. Selah. Elohim shall go up with a shout, יהוה with a voice of a shophar. Sing praises to Elohim, sing praises! Sing praises to our Sovereign, sing praises! For Elohim is Sovereign of all the earth; Sing praises with understanding. Elohim shall reign over the nations; Elohim shall sit on His set-apart throne. Nobles of peoples shall be gathered together, The people of the Elohim of Aḇraham. For the shields of the earth belong to Elohim; He shall be greatly exalted.'
'Blow a shophar in the New Moon, in the covering for the day of our festival.'
'Blow a shophar in Tsiyon, and sound an alarm in My set-apart mountain! Let all the inhabitants of the earth tremble, for the day of יהוה is coming, for it is near: a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and thick darkness, like the morning clouds spread over the mountains – a people many and strong, the like of whom has never been, nor shall there ever be again after them, to the years of many generations.'
'And immediately after the distress of those days the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give its light, and the stars shall fall from the heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken. “And then the sign of the Son of Aḏam shall appear in the heaven, and then all the tribes of the earth shall mourn, and they shall see the Son of Aḏam coming on the clouds of the heaven with power and much esteem. And He shall send His messengers with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together His chosen ones from the four winds, from one end of the heavens to the other.'
Mattithyahu (Matthew) 24:29-31
'in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed.'
Qorintiyim Aleph (1 Corinthians) 15:52
'Because the Master Himself shall come down from heaven with a shout, with the voice of a chief messenger, and with the trumpet of Elohim, and the dead in Messiah shall rise first.'
Tas`loniqim Aleph (1 Thessalonians) 4:16
'Today you are going out, in the new moon Aḇiḇ.'
'Guard the Festival of Matzot. Seven days you eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the time appointed in the new moon of Aḇiḇ – for in it you came out of Mitsrayim – and do not appear before Me empty-handed;'
'Guard the Festival of Matzot. For seven days you eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, in the appointed time of the new moon of Aḇiḇ, because in the new moon of Aḇiḇ you came out from Mitsrayim.'
'Guard the new moon of Aḇiḇ, and perform the Pĕsaḥ to יהוה your Elohim, for in the new moon of Aḇiḇ יהוה your Elohim brought you out of Mitsrayim by night.'
'And it came to be, in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Yisra’ĕl had come out of the land of Mitsrayim, in the fourth year of the reign of Shelomoh over Yisra’ĕl, in the new moon of Ziw, which is the second new moon , that he began to build the House of יהוה.'
'And in the eleventh year, in the month Bul, the eighth new moon , the house was completed in all its matters and according to all its plans. Thus he built it for seven years.'
'And all the men of Yisra’ĕl assembled to Sovereign Shelomoh at the festival in the month of Ěythanim, which is the seventh new moon .'
KJV Translation Count — Total: 2,287x
The KJV translates Strong's H3117 in the following manner: day (2,008x), time (64x), chronicles (with H1697) (37x), daily (44x), ever (18x), year (14x), continually (10x), when (10x), as (10x), while (8x), full (8x), always (4x), whole (4x), alway (4x), miscellaneous (44x).
Outline of Biblical Usage:
Strong’s Definition:
יוֹם yôwm, yome; from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb):—age, always, chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), elder, × end, evening, (for) ever(-lasting, -more), × full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, old, outlived, perpetually, presently, remaineth, × required, season, × since, space, then, (process of) time, as at other times, in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), × whole ( age), (full) year(-ly), younger.
Brown-Driver-Briggs:
יוֹם 2285 noun masculineGenesis 1:5 day (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יומָא, bdb039801; Phoenician ים; MI5 ימן, suffix ימי Genesis 1:6; Genesis 1:9; Genesis 1:33, plural construct ימי Genesis 1:8, suffix 3rd person masculine singular ימה; SI3 ים; Zinjirli יום DHMSendsch Gloss; Plam. יום VogNo. 123a, Oxon. iii.; Arabic bdb039802; Ethiopic bdb039803 Sabean יום, ים MordtZMG 1876, 29, יומה DHMZMG 1883, 328 SabDenkm61; Assyrian ummu, ûmu COTGloss; derivation unknown; on √ and relation of יום to Phoenician ימם, Aramaic ימם, bdb039804, see NöZMG 1886, 721 BaZMG 1887, 632 f.) — יוֺם absolute Genesis 1:5 +; construct Genesis 2:4 +; suffix יוֺמְךָ Jeremiah 50:31; יוֺמוֺ Exodus 5:13 + 22 times; יוֺמָם Jeremiah 50:27; Ezekiel 21:34; † dual יוֺמַ֫יִם Exodus 21:21; יוֺמָ֑יִם Exodus 16:29; Numbers 11:19; יֹמַ֫יִם Numbers 9:22; יֹמָ֑יִם Hosea 6:2†; plural יָמִים Genesis 4:3 +; יָמִם; Numbers 6:5; יָמִין (Aramaic form; Ges§ 87, 1 a) Daniel 12:13; מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה Exodus 13:10 + 4 times; construct יְמֵי Genesis 3:14 +; יְמוֺת Deuteronomy 32:7; Psalm 90:15†; suffix יָמַי Job 7:6 + 9 times; יָמָ֑י Genesis 29:21 + 8 times; יָמֵינוּ Jeremiah 35:8 + 7 times, etc.; —
1. day, opposed to night, Genesis 7:4, 12; Genesis 8:22 (all J), Genesis 31:39, 40 (E), Exodus 24:18; Exodus 34:28; Numbers 11:32 (twice in verse); Joshua 10:13 (all J E), Deuteronomy 9:9, 11, 18, 25; Deuteronomy 10:10 (D), Genesis 1:5, 14, 16, 18 (P), 1 Samuel 30:12; Judges 19:8, 9 (twice in verse); Judges 19:11; Amos 5:8; 1 Kings 8:29; 1 Kings 19:8; Nehemiah 4:16; Ecclesiastes 8:16; || לִפְנֵי בוֺאהַֿשֶּׁמֶשׁ 2 Samuel 3:35; חֹם הַיּ׳ Genesis 18:1(J) the heat of the day 1 Samuel 11:11; 2 Samuel 4:5; עוֺד גָּדוֺל הַיּ׳ Genesis 29:7 (J) the day is still high, not near its end; רוּחַ הַיּ׳ Genesis 3:8 coll of the day; מִןהָֿאוֺר עַדֿ מַחֲצִית הַיּ׳ Nehemiah 8:3 from dawn until mid-day; so also probably of mid-day הוֺלך ואור עַדנְֿכוֺן הַיּוֺם Proverbs 4:18 growing lighter and lighter until the full day; note phrase in Judges 19, עַדנְֿטוֺת הַיּ׳ Judges 19:8 until the declining of the day; לַעֲרוֺב רָפָה הַיּ׳ Judges 19:9 the day hath sunk down to become evening; חֲנוֺת הַיּ׳ Judges 19:9 the declining of the day; רַד מְאֹד הַיּ׳ Judges 19:11 the day has gone down exceedingly (is far spent).
2. Day as division of time:
a. working-day Exodus 20:9, 10 (E) = Deuteronomy 5:18; Exodus 16:26, 30 (twice in verse) (J), Exodus 23:12 (JE), Exodus 31:15 (P), Leviticus 23:3 (H); יְמֵי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה Ezekiel 46:1.
b. דֶּרֶךְ יוֺם a day's journey Numbers 11:31 (twice in verse) (JE), 1 Kings 19:4; מַהֲלַךְ יוֺם אֶחָד Jonah 3:4; דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים a three days' journey Genesis 30:36; Exodus 3:18; Exodus 5:3; Exodus 8:23 (all J), Numbers 10:33 (twice in verse) (JE), Numbers 33:8 (P); מַהֲלַךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים Jonah 3:3; so seven days' journey Genesis 31:23 (E), 2 Kings 3:9; without דֶּרֶךְ etc., שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים Exodus 15:22 (E) they went three days, etc.
c. to denote duration of various other acts or states: seven days Genesis 7:4, 10; Genesis 8:10, 12; forty days Genesis 7:17; Genesis 8:6 (all J); 150 days Genesis 7:24; Genesis 8:3 (both P), 1 Samuel 25:38; 1 Kings 8:65 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 42:7; Ezekiel 4:5, 6; 1 Chronicles 9:25; Ezra 6:22; Esther 1:4 etc. In Esther 4:16, 1 & 2 are combined: וְאַלתִּֿשְׁתּוּ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים לַיְלָה וָיוֺם do not eat and do not drink for thee days, night or day (see Zechariah 14:7 below 3 below).
d. day as defined by evening and morning Genesis 1:5, 8, 13, 19, 23, 31 (all P; compare further בֹּקֶר, עֶרֶב); see also Genesis 2:2 (twice in verse); Genesis 2:3 (P), Exodus 20:11 (twice in verse) (E), Exodus 32:17 (twice in verse) (P).
e. day of month (with ordinal number), chiefly P and late: Genesis 7:11; Genesis 8:4, 14; Exodus 12:6, 18 (twice in verse) +, 1 Kings 12:32; 1 Kings 12:33; Ezekiel 45:21; Ezekiel 45:25; Zechariah 1:7; Haggai 1:1; Haggai 1:15; Haggai 1:18; 2 Chronicles 29:17 (twice in verse); Ezra 3:6; Nehemiah 8:2; Nehemiah 9:1; Daniel 10:4; Esther 3:12; Esther 9:1 +; (יוֺם often omitted e.g. Genesis 8:5, 13; Exodus 12:10; 2 Kings 25:1, 3; Ezekiel 1:1, 2; Haggai 2:1, 20; Zechariah 7:1; 2 Chronicles 3:2; Ezra 6:19; Esther 3:13, etc.)
f. יוֺם defined by substantive, infinitive, or other clause: (1) construct יוֺם הַשֶּׁלֶג = the snowy day 2 Samuel 23:20 = 1 Chronicles 11:22; יוֺם סַגְרִיר Proverbs 27:15 = rainy day; יוֺם קָרָה Proverbs 25:20 = cold day; (so, = time יוֺם צָרָתִי Genesis 35:3 (E) day of my distrees; Jeremiah 18:17; Lamentations 1:7; Proverbs 24:10; Proverbs 25:19; Proverbs 27:10; יוֺם מוֺתוֺ etc. Judges 13:7; 2 Samuel 6:23; 2 Kings 15:5 + often; compare אֶת־פַּרְעֹה הֻלֶּדֶת יוֺם Genesis 40:20 (E) = Pharaoh's birthday; כְּיוֺם הִוָּֽֽֽלְדָהּ Hosea 2:5 compare Ecclesiastes 7:1 (see also 7d below; compare יוֺמוֺ Job 3:1), יום חֲתֻנָּה Songs 3:11; of day emphatically characterized by prophets and others יוֺם מְהוּמָה וּמְבוּסָה וּמְבוּכָה Isaiah 22:5 (see מְהוּמָה below הום); יוֺם צָרָה וְתוֺכֵחָה וּנְאָצָה Isaiah 37:3 = 2 Kings 19:3; on the other hand יוֺם רָצוֺן לי׳ Isaiah 58:5 a day of acceptableness to י׳; plural followed by substantive יְמֵי שָׂכִיר Leviticus 25:50 (H) the days of an hireling; (מִלֻּאֵיכֶם) יְמֵי Leviticus 8:33; Numbers 6:13; followed by rel. clause אָרוּר הַיּוֺם אֲשֶׁר יֻלַּדְתִּי בּ֑וֺ יוֺם אֲשֶׁריְֿלָדַתְנִי אִמִּי וגו׳ Jeremiah 20:14 compare Job 3:3; also Psalm 118:24 (see i).
g. particular days defined by proper name, of a location: יוֺם יִזְרְעֶאל Hosea 2:2 i.e. of judgement, with implied restoration; see also Isaiah 9:3; Ezekiel 30:9; יְמֵי הַגִּבְעָה Hosea 9:9; Hosea 10:9, i.e. of the outrage at Gibeah (Judges 19:22ff.); יוֺם ירושׁלם Psalm 137:7 i.e. of Jerusalem's calamity, compare Jeremiah 50:27, 31.
h. with suffix, thy, his, or their day, in sense of
(1) day of disaster or death: † בָּא יוֺמְךָ Jeremiah 50:31 thy day has come; אוֺ יומו יָבאֹ וָמֵת 1 Samuel 26:10; יומו in this sense also Ezekiel 21:30; Psalm 37:13; Job 18:20; † בָּא יוֺמָם Jeremiah 50:27; Ezekiel 21:34 [Ezekiel 21:29] Psalm 37:13 Job 18:20; † בָּא יוֹמָםJeremiah 50:27 Ezekiel 21:34.
i. specifically a holy day: יוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת the sabbath day (see also שַׁבָּת), Exodus 20:8, 11(E) = Deuteronomy 5:12, 15; Exodus 31:15; Exodus 35:3 +; = יוֺם קָדְשִׁי Isaiah 58:13; repetition בְּיוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת בְּיוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת Leviticus 24:8 every Sabbath day; also † הַכִּפֻּרים יוֺם Leviticus 23:27; Leviticus 25:9; כִּפֻּרִים יוֺם Leviticus 23:28; יוֺם הַבִּכּוּרִים Numbers 28:26; יוֺם חַגֵּנוּ Psalm 81:4; יוֺם מַלְכֵּנוּ Hosea 7:5; also of false gods, יִמֵי הַבְּעָלִים Hosea 2:11.
3. יוֺם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous (see RSProph. 396 f. DrIsaiah 28); Amos 5:18 (twice in verse); Amos 5:20; Isaiah 2:12; Isaiah 13:6, 9; Zephaniah 1:7 (compare Zephaniah 1:8), Zephaniah 1:14 (twice in verse); (compare Zephaniah 1:15; Zephaniah 1:16), Jeremiah 46:10; Ezekiel 13:5; Ezekiel 30:3 (compare Ezekiel 36:33; Ezekiel 39:8, 11, 13); Obad 15; Zechariah 14:1; Malachi 3:23 (compare Zechariah 14:7; Malachi 3:2, 17; Malachi 3:19 (twice in verse); Malachi 3:21), Joel 1:15; Joel 2:1, 11 (compare Joel 2:2 (twice in verse), Joel 3:4; Joel 4:14 [Joel 3:14]; יוֺם עֶבְרַת י׳ Zephaniah 1:18; יוֺם עֶבְרָה Proverbs 11:4; אַפּוֹ חֲרוֺן יוֺםּוֺ Isaiah 13:13; Lamentations 1:12; יוֺם נָקָם Isaiah 34:8; Isaiah 61:2; Isaiah 63:4; יוֺם נְקָמָה Jeremiah 46:10; יוֺם אַף י׳ Zephaniah 2:2, 3; Lamentations 2:22; יוֺם אַפּוֹ Lamentations 2:1; compare also Zechariah 14:7 (where senses of 1 & 2 are combined, compare Esther 4:16 2c above); וְהָיָה יוֺםֿ לֹא יוֺם וְלֹא לָ֑יְלָה אֶחָד הוּא יִּוָּדַע לי׳ but there shall be one day, known shall it be of י׳ not day and not night; compare also ביום ההוא 7g below.
4. plural days of any one:
a. = his life, his age Genesis 6:3 (J), Deuteronomy 22:19, 29; Deuteronomy 23:7; Joshua 24:31 (twice in verse) (D), Judges 2:7 (twice in verse); Judges 2:18; 1 Samuel 25:28, etc.; Genesis 5:4, 8, 11; Genesis 9:29; Genesis 11:32 (all P), Job 7:1 (twice in verse); Job 7:6, 16; Job 8:9, Psalm 39:5 Psalm 39:6; Psalm 90:9; Psalm 90:10; Psalm 90:12; Psalm 90:14; Psalm 103:15; כָּליְֿמֵי חַיֶּיךָ Genesis 3:14, 17 (J), Psalm 23:6, so Proverbs 31:12; יְמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיִּים 2 Samuel 19:35; Genesis 25:7; Genesis 47:8, 9 (all P); יְמֵי חַיָּיו Ecclesiastes 5:17; Ecclesiastes 5:19; יְמֵי שָׁנָיו Ecclesiastes 6:3; יְמֵי שְׁנוֺתֵינוּ Psalm 90:10; חַיֵּיהֶם יְמֵי סִסְפַּר Ecclesiastes 2:3; מִסְפַּר יְמֵי חַיֵּי הֶבְלוֺ Ecclesiastes 6:12 the number of the days of the years of his vanity, i.e. his empty, fleeting years; הָאֲדָמָה עַל־פְּנֵי חַיִּים אֲשֶׁר־הֵם כָּל־הַיָּמִים 1 Kings 8:40; יָמִים רַבִּים long life 1 Kings 3:11= 2 Chronicles 1:11; בָּא בַּיָּמִים advanced in days = of advanced age Genesis 18:11; Genesis 24:1 (both J), Joshua 13:1 (twice in verse) (JE), Joshua 23:1, 2(D), 1 Kings 1:1; מִיָּמָיו 1 Kings 1:6 from his (earliest) days, so מִיָּמֶיךָ 1 Samuel 25:28 (see Dr), Job 38:12; שְׂבַע יָמִים Job 42:17; 1 Kings 8:40; יַאֲרִכוּן יָמֶיךָ Exodus 20:12 (JE) that thy days may be long = Deuteronomy 5:16, see further ארך; יָמִים עַליְֿמֵימֶֿלֶךְ תּוֺסִיף Psalm 61:7 i.e. prolong the king's life; outlive is הֶאֱרִיךְ יָמִים אַחֲרֵי Joshua 24:31(D), Judges 2:7; אֹרֶךְ יָמִים וּשְׁנוֺת חַיִּים Proverbs 3:2 length of days and years of life; אֹרֶךְ יָמִים Proverbs 3:16; כְּיָמֶיךָ דבאך Deuteronomy 33:25 according to (the length of) thy life shall be [thy strength ? read רבאך ?] see Di VB; rarely singular e.g. קְשֵׁהֿ יוֺם Job 30:25 one hurd of day, i.e. whose day (= life) was hard; of life as approaching its end, וַיִּקְרְבוּ יְמֵי ישׂראל לָמוּת Genesis 47:29 (J) and the days of Israel drew near for dying, so Deuteronomy 31:14; 1 Kings 2:1 (compare Job 7:6, 16; Job 8:9; Ecclesiastes 2:3 above)
b. (in) the days of (i.e. life-time, reign, or activity of) Genesis 10:25 (J), Genesis 14:1; Judges 5:6 (twice in verse); Judges 8:28; 2 Samuel 21:1; 1 Kings 16:34; 1 Kings 21:29 (twice in verse); 1 Kings 22:47; 2 Kings 20:19; 2 Chronicles 13:20; 35:18 + often (so Mesha Inscription6,8,8,9,33).
c. hence in phrase סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לְ 1 Kings 14:19, 29 + 31 times Kings, Nehemiah 12:23; Esther 2:23; Esther 10:2; הַיָּמִים דִּבְרֵי מִסְפַּר 1 Chronicles 27:24; סֵפֶר הַזִּכְרֹנוֺת דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים Esther 6:1.
5. Days:
a. indefinite: יָמִים אֲחָדִים some days, a few days † Genesis 27:44 (J), Genesis 29:10 (E), Daniel 11:20; יָמִים alone Genesis 40:4 (E) they were days (a certain time) in the prison 1 Kings 17:15; Nehemiah 1:4; עוּל יָמִים Isaiah 65:20 a suckling of (a few) days; מִיָּמִים Judges 11:4 after a time, Judges 15:1; so מִקֵּץ יָמִים Genesis 4:3 (J) after the end of days, 1 Kings 17:7; יוֺם אוֺ יוֺמַיִם Exodus 21:21(JE) a day or two. יָמִים אוֺ עָשׂוֺר Genesis 24:55 (J) some days, or ten (days or a dekad; on question of text see Di).
b. of long time, זֶה יָמִים אוֺ זֶה שָׁנִים 1 Samuel 29:3 these days or these years; אוֺ יֹמַיִם אוֺ חֹדֶשׁ אוֺ יָמִים Numbers 9:22 (P) whether two days or a month or days (an indefinitely long period); יָמִים רַבִּים many days Genesis 21:34 (JE) Genesis 37:34 (J) +; וַיִּרְבּוּ הַיָּמִים וגו׳ Genesis 38:12 (J) and the days were multiplied (= time passed) and Judah's wife died, 1 Samuel 7:2; אָֽרְכוּ לוֺ שָׁם הַיָּמִים Genesis 26:8 (J) the days were long to him there = he had been there a long time; רַבִּים יָמִים ֗֗֗ הֶעָנָן בְּהַאֲרִיךְ Numbers 9:19 (P) when the cloud prolonged many days (remained a long time) upon the tabernacle — See also 6 below.
c. days of old, former or ancient times (especially of early period of Israel hist): יְמוֺת עוֺלָם Deuteronomy 32:7 (poem); יְמֵי עוֺלם Micah 5:1; Micah 7:14; Isaiah 63:9, 11; יְמֵי קֶדֶם Micah 7:20; יָמִים מִקֶּדֶם Psalm 77:6; Psalm 143:5; compare הַיָּמִים הָרִאשֹׁנִים Ecclesiastes 7:10; coming days הַיָּמִים הַבָּאִים Ecclesiastes 2:16; coming time יוֺם אַהֲרוֺן Proverbs 31:25; especially (ב)אַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים see above; לְקֵץ הַיָּמִין Daniel 12:13.
6. יוֺם = time;
a. vividly in general sense (see also 5 above): time of harvest Proverbs 25:13; usually יְמֵי Genesis 30:14 (J), Joshua 3:15; Numbers 13:20 (twice in verse) (all J E), Judges 15:1; 2 Samuel 21:9; proper time for paying wages Deuteronomy 24:15 compare Job 14:6; time of parturition וַיִּמְלְאוּ יָמֶיהָ לָלֶדֶת Genesis 25:24.
b. apposition to other expressions of time (Dr§ 192 (1) DaSynt. § 29. d): חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים a month of time Genesis 29:14 (J; literally a month, time), Numbers 11:20, 21 (JE); = יֶרַח יָמִים Deuteronomy 21:13; 2 Kings 15:13; יָמִים ארבעה חדשׁים Judges 19:2 time, four months (si vera lectio, see 1 Samuel 27:7); † (מִקֵּץ) שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Genesis 41:1 (E) two years (of) time, 2 Samuel 13:23; 2 Samuel 14:28; Jeremiah 28:3, 11; שְׁלשָׁה שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים Daniel 10:2, 3three weeks (of) time.
c. plural in specific sense, apparently = year, literal יָמִים 1 Samuel 27:7; Leviticus 25:29 (H); לַיָּמִים Judges 17:10; זֶבַךְ הַיָּמִים 1 Samuel 1:21; 1 Samuel 2:19; 1 Samuel 20:6; יָמִים וארבעה חדשׁים 1 Samuel 27:7 = a year and four months (compare Judges 19:2 above b.); מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה = from year to year, yearly Exodus 13:10 (JE), Judges 11:40 (compare Judges 11:40b), Judges 21:19; 1 Samuel 1:3; 1 Samuel 2:19; מִקֵּץ יָמִים לַיָּמִים 2 Samuel 14:26; יֹמַיִם אוֺ חֹדֶשׁ אוֺיָֿמִים Numbers 9:22 (P); distributive Numbers 14:34 (twice in verse) (P), Ezekiel 4:6 (twice in verse); וַיְהִי לְיָמִים מִיָּמִים וּכְעֵת צֵּאת הַקֵּץ לְיָמִים שְׁנַיִם 2 Chronicles 21:19 and it came to pass at days from days (=after some days) even about the time of the outgoing of the end of two (series of) days (i.e. probably years, see Be).
7. Phrases, without preposition and with, are:
a.
(1) הַיּוֺם = to-day Genesis 4:14; Genesis 31:43, 48; Exodus 13:4 (JE) + often; opp. תְּמוֹל yesterday Exodus 5:14; 1 Samuel 20:27; opp. מָחָר Exodus 19:10;
(2) † מָחָר (בְּ)יוֹם =tomorrow Genesis 30:33; Isaiah 56:12; Proverbs 27:1;
(3) אֶתְמוֹל יוֹם Psalm 90:4;
(4) הַיּוֹם הַיָּמִים שְׁלשֶׁת 1 Samuel 30:13;
(5) בַּיּוֹם Judges 13:10 appar.=the other day (see Be);
(6) אֶחָד יוֹם no prep., emphat.=in one day, Genesis 27:45; Isaiah 9:13; with בְּ Isaiah 10:17, Isaiah 47:9; for, durin, one day Genesis 33:13; Numbers 11:19; unemphat., one day (some day) 1 Samuel 27:1; לִפְנֵי אֶחָד יוֹם 1 Samuel 9:15 one day, before Saul came.
†b. וַיְהִי הַיּוֺם וַֹֿ and the day came, that (or when) 1 Samuel 1:4 (see Dr), 2 Kings 4:8, 11, 18; Job 1:6, 13; Job 2:1.
c. הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים lo! days are coming, when, etc.; especially in Amos, Jeremiah: 1 Samuel 2:31; Amos 4:2; Amos 8:11; Amos 9:13; Isaiah 39:6 = 2 Kings 20:17; Jeremiah 7:32 + 13 times Jeremiah.
d. יוֺם in construct before verbs, both literally, the day of, and (often) in general sense = the time of (forcible and pregnantly, representing the act vividly as that of a single day):
(1) before infinitive,
(α) singular without preposition אֶתיֿוֺם צֵאתְךָ Deuteronomy 16:3 and thou shalt remember the day of thy going out from the land Egypt, Isaiah 58:5; Ezekiel 39:13; Malachi 3:2 compare Ecclesiastes 7:1 (מִן comparative);
(β) עַדיֿוֺם Joshua 6:10; Judges 18:30 + 5 times;
(γ) בְּיוֺם Genesis 2:4, 17; Genesis 3:5 + 53 times;
† (δ) כְּיוֺם Hosea 2:5; Hosea 2:17; Zephaniah 3:8; Zechariah 14:3;
† (ε) מִיּוֺם 1 Samuel 7:2; 1 Samuel 8:8; 1 Samuel 29:6; 2 Samuel 13:32; 2 Kings 8:6; Deuteronomy 9:24; Leviticus 23:15; Ezekiel 28:15;
† (ζ) לְמִיּוֺם Judges 19:30; 2 Samuel 7:6; Isaiah 7:17;
† (2) plural construct before infinitive:
(α) כָּליְֿמֵי Judges 18:31; 1 Samuel 22:4; 1 Samuel 25:7, 16; Leviticus 26:34, 35; Numbers 6:6; 2 Chronicles 36:21;
(β) בִּימֵי Ruth 1:1; 2 Chronicles 26:5;
(γ) כִּימֵי Micah 7:15;
† (3) singular construct with preposition before finite verb in perfect:
(α) compare בְּ, בְּיוֺם דִּבֶּר י׳ Exodus 6:28 in the day (when) י׳ spoke, so Numbers 3:1; Deuteronomy 4:15; also Leviticus 7:35; 2 Samuel 22:1 = Psalm 18:1; Psalm 138:3; Zechariah 8:9;
(β) מִיּוֺם Jeremiah 36:2;
† (4) singular construct before imperfect: בְּיוֺם אֶקְרָא Psalm 56:10 in the day (when) I cry, Psalm 103:3; Lamentations 5:7; also without בְּ, יוֺם אִירָא Psalm 56:4 (at the) time (when) I am afraid;
† (5) plural construct before perfect: כָּליְֿמֵי הִתְהַלַּכְנוּ אִתָּם 1 Samuel 25:15, so Leviticus 14:46 (probably, see Di); כִּימוֺת Psalm 90:15;
† (6) plural construct before imperfect: כִּימֵי אֱלוֺתַּ יִשְׁמְרֵנִי Job 29:2;
† (7) מִיּוֺם construct before rel. clause: מִיּוֺם אֲשֶׁר הָיִיתִי לְפָנֶיךָ 1 Samuel 29:8 since the day when (= as long as) I have been before thee, Nehemiah 5:14;
† (8) plural construct before rel. clause כָּליְֿמֵי אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכֹּן Numbers 9:18 as long as the cloud remained, etc.
e.
(1) יוֺם יוֺם day by day Genesis 39:10 (J), Exodus 16:5 (P), Proverbs 8:30, Proverbs 8:34, Psalm 61:9, Psalm 68:20 (+ Jeremiah 7:25, Psalm 13:3 Lag, see יוֹמָם); so (late) † בְּיוֹם לְיוֹם 2 Chronicles 24:11; † בְּיוֹם יוֹם 2 Chronicles 30:21, Nehemiah 8:18; † בְּיוֹם לְעֶת־יוֹם 1 Chronicles 12:22; בְּיוֹם יוֹם עֹלֹת Ezra 3:4; בְּיוֹם יוֹם בִּדְבַר 2 Chronicles 8:13; אֶל־יוֹם מִיּוֹם from day to day 1 Chronicles 16:23=לְיוֹם מִיּוֹם Psalm 96:2 (Esther 3:7 see below); † וָיוֹם יוֹם Esther 3:4 (very late, see וְ 1 i (b), and DrIntr. 505); בְּכָליֿוֺם וָיוֺם Esther 2:11; † כְּיוֺם בְּיוֺם 1 Samuel 18:10 as daily = according to daily habit;
(2) מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם Esther 3:7, is in phrase of casting lots for one day after another; (מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה see 6c);
(3) of daily duties, observances, etc.: † דְּבַר יוֺם בְּיוֺמוֺ each day's affair in its day Exodus 5:13, 19; Exodus 16:4 (all J), Leviticus 23:37 (H), 1 Kings 8:59; 2 Kings 25:30 = Jeremiah 52:34; Ezra 3:4; Nehemiah 11:23; Nehemiah 12:47; Daniel 1:5; לִדְבַר יוֺם בְּיוֺמוֺ 1 Chronicles 16:37; 2 Chronicles 8:14; 31:16.
f. † כָּלהַֿיָּמִים = always, continually, Genesis 43:9; Genesis 44:32 (both J), Deuteronomy 4:40; Deuteronomy 5:26; Deuteronomy 6:24; Deuteronomy 11:1; Deuteronomy 14:23; Deuteronomy 18:5; Deuteronomy 19:9; Deuteronomy 28:29, 33; Joshua 4:24 (D), Judges 16:16; 1 Samuel 2:32, 35; 1 Samuel 18:29; 1 Samuel 23:14; 1 Samuel 28:2; 2 Samuel 13:37; 2 Samuel 19:14; Jeremiah 31:36; Jeremiah 32:39; Jeremiah 33:18; Jeremiah 35:19; 1 Kings 5:15; 1 Kings 9:3; 1 Kings 11:36, 39; 1 Kings 12:7; 1 Kings 14:30; 2 Kings 8:19; 2 Kings 13:3; 2 Kings 17:37; 2 Chronicles 7:16; 10:7; 12:15; 21:7; Job 1:5; also (only in prophetic writers and in poetry) † כָּלהַֿיּוֺם Genesis 6:5 (J), Hosea 12:2; Deuteronomy 28:32; Deuteronomy 33:12; Jeremiah 20:7, 8; Isaiah 28:24; Isaiah 51:13; Isaiah 52:5 (both תָּמִיד כלהֿיום), Isaiah 65:2, 5; Lamentations 1:13; Lamentations 3:3, 14, 62; Psalm 25:5; Psalm 32:3; Psalm 35:28; Psalm 37:26; Psalm 38:7; Psalm 38:13; Psalm 42:4; Psalm 42:11; Psalm 44:9; Psalm 44:16; Psalm 44:23; Psalm 52:3; Psalm 56:2; Psalm 56:3; Psalm 56:6; Psalm 71:8; Psalm 71:15; Psalm 71:24; Psalm 72:15; Psalm 73:14; Psalm 74:22; Psalm 86:3; Psalm 88:18; Psalm 89:17; Psalm 102:9; Psalm 119:97; Proverbs 21:26; Proverbs 23:17.
g. additional phrase with בְּ = on a particular day: בַּיּוֺם הַחֲמִישִׁי Judges 19:18, so Genesis 2:2 (twice in verse) + often; בְּכָליֿוֺם every day Psalm 7:12; Psalm 88:10; Psalm 145:2; בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא of definite time in past Genesis 15:18; Genesis 33:16 + (see also 3 above); compare הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה (no preposition) Exodus 13:3 (JE); בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא of time defined in subsequent context, 1 Samuel 3:2 at that time when Eli was laid down, i.e. at the particular time of the following incident (= at a certain time, on one particular day; compare Genesis 39:11 below h; see DaSynt. § 21. e. R. 1, 2 and especially Dr 1 Samuel 1:4; 1 Samuel 19:3); בַּיּוֺם הַזֶּה Genesis 7:11 +; בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה on this selfsame day Genesis 7:13 + (see עֶצֶם); בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא also of future 1 Samuel 3:12; Deuteronomy 31:17 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 31:18; and very often in prophets, as formula in describing what is to come at time of future blessing, retribution, etc., Amos 8:3, 9; Hosea 2:18; Hosea 2:20; Hosea 2:23 etc., especially Isaiah 2:11, 17, 20; Isaiah 3:7, 18; Isaiah 4:1, 2 + often; plural בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם of past Genesis 6:4 (J), Judges 18:1 (twice in verse); Judges 19:1; Judges 21:25; 1 Samuel 3:1 + often; of future Deuteronomy 17:9; Deuteronomy 19:17; Deuteronomy 26:3.
h. with כַּיּוֺם ׃כְּ as or like the day Psalm 139:12; כַּיּוֺם הַהוּא Joshua 10:14; כְּיוֺם Hosea 2:5 as at the day of; כְּיוֺם תָּמִים Joshua 10:13 about a whole day; † כַּיּוֺם literally at (about) to-day = now (see כְּ) 1 Samuel 9:27; 1 Kings 22:5 2 Chronicles 18:4; Isaiah 58:4; so † כְּהַיּוֺם 1 Samuel 9:13 + 1 Samuel 9:12 We Dr (for MT כי היום), Nehemiah 5:11; † כַּיּוֺם = at once, first of all Genesis 25:31, 33; 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Kings 1:51; often with adjective pronoun to point out agreement of result with promise or prediction, † כַּיּוֺם הַזֶּה as it is this day Genesis 50:20 (E), 1 Samuel 22:8, 13, and especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah and subsequent writing: Deuteronomy 2:30; Deuteronomy 4:20, 38; Deuteronomy 8:18; Deuteronomy 10:15; Deuteronomy 29:27; Jeremiah 11:5; Jeremiah 25:18 (gloss, omitted by Greek Version of the LXX, compare especially KueEinl. § 56. 1), Jeremiah 32:20; Jeremiah 44:6, 23; 1 Kings 3:6; 1 Kings 8:24, 61; 1 Chronicles 28:7; 2 Chronicles 6:15; Daniel 9:7, 15; so † כְּהַיּוֺם הַזֶּה Deuteronomy 6:24; Jeremiah 44:22; Ezra 9:7, 15; Nehemiah 9:10; in Genesis 39:11 (J) this phrase = on this particular day (when the incident to be narrated occurred; compare ביום ההוא g above.)
i. with לְיוֺם ׃לְ on, at (literally with reference to) † Hosea 9:5 (twice in verse) what will ye do on the day of assembly, etc., Isaiah 10:3; לְיוֺם אֶחָד 1 Kings 5:2 bread for one day; הַמְּלָאכָה לֹא לְיוֺם אֶחָד וְלֹא לִשְׁנַיִם Ezra 10:13; distributive phrase נָשִׂיא אֶחָד לַיּוֺם נָשִׂיא אֶחָד לַיּוֺם Numbers 7:11 (P), Job 21:30 (twice in verse); compare לַיּוֺם Malachi 1:17; לַיּום against, i.e. in expectation of Exodus 19:11, so לְיוֺם קְרָב Job 38:23; Proverbs 21:31; לְיוֺם קוּמִי almost = until Zephaniah 3:8; לִפְנֵי יוֺם Isaiah 48:7 before to-day; late phrase are † לְיָמִים מִיָּמִים 2 Chronicles 21:19 = in the course of time; לְיָמִים רַבִּים Daniel 8:26 at (the end of) many days; לַיּוֺם for every day, daily, † Exodus 29:36, 38; Numbers 7:11 (twice in verse); Numbers 28:3; Numbers 28:34; 1 Chronicles 26:17; Jeremiah 37:21; Ezekiel 4:10; Ezekiel 43:25; Ezekiel 45:23 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 46:13; לַיּוֺם in exclamation הָהּ לַיּ׳ Ezekiel 20:2 alas for the day! אֲהָהּ לַיּ׳ Joel 1:15.
j. with מִיּוֺם ׃מִן since the day (time) of (or when), Exodus 10:6; Leviticus 23:15; Deuteronomy 9:24; 1 Samuel 7:2 etc.; מִיּוֺם הראשׁן Exodus 12:15 from the first day (on omission of article see Dr§ 209 (1)); מִימֵי השׁפטים 2 Kings 23:22, etc.; מִיּוֺם = from to-day, from this day forth Isaiah 43:13; Ezekiel 48:35; מֵהַיּוֺם הַהוּא וָמָ֑עְלָה 1 Samuel 16:13; 1 Samuel 30:25 from that day forward; so וָהָ֑לְאָה הַה׳ מֵהַיּ׳ 1 Samuel 18:9; מִןהַֿיּוֺם הַזֶּה וָמָ֑עְלָה Haggai 2:15, 18 from this day onward (see Add. on p. 751:b); עַדהַֿיּוֺם הַזֶּה Genesis 47:26 until now; מִיָּמִים רַבִּים after many days Joshua 23:1; Ezekiel 38:8; מִיָּמִים after a time Judges 11:4; Judges 14:8; Judges 15:1; but usually מִקֵּץ י׳, see קֵץ; מִיֹּמָ֑יִם Hosea 6:2 after two days; — מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה see e (4) above
† k. with לְמִן (see לְ near the end): לְמִן הַיּוֺם אֲשֶׁר Deuteronomy 4:32; Deuteronomy 9:7; 2 Samuel 7:11; Jeremiah 7:25; Jeremiah 32:31; Haggai 2:18; twice followed by infinitive in apposition Exodus 9:18; 2 Samuel 19:25 (compare also 2 Chronicles 8:16; see DrSm. & § 190, Obs.); קֶדֶם ׃לְמִימֵי למ׳ 2 Kings 19:25 since days of old = long ago, compare Malachi 3:7 since the days of your fathers.†
† l. ׃עַד (ה)יום עַד יוֺם הָאֶחָד וגו׳ Exodus 12:18 until the 21st day, Leviticus 19:6 +; עַדיֿוֺם מוֺתוֺ Judges 13:7; 1 Samuel 15:35; 2 Samuel 6:23 +, etc., see also (followed by infinitive) c above; עַדהַֿיּוֺם until to-day, denoting especially permanence of a name or situation, or of result of an event, † Genesis 19:37, 38 (J), Genesis 35:20 (E), 2 Kings 10:27; Ezekiel 20:31; more often עַדהַֿיּוֺם הַזֶּה until this day Genesis 26:33 (J), Genesis 32:33 (P or R), Genesis 47:26 (J), Genesis 48:15 (E), Exodus 10:6; Numbers 22:30 (both J), Deuteronomy 2:22; Deuteronomy 3:14; Deuteronomy 10:8; Deuteronomy 11:4; Deuteronomy 29:3; Deuteronomy 34:6; Joshua 4:9; Joshua 5:9; Joshua 6:25; Joshua 7:26 (twice in verse); Joshua 8:28, 29; Joshua 9:27; Joshua 13:13; Joshua 14:14; Joshua 15:63; Joshua 16:10 (all J E), Joshua 22:3 (D), Joshua 22:17 (P), Joshua 23:8, 9 (D), Judges 1:21, 26; Judges 6:24; Judges 10:4; Judges 15:19; Judges 18:12; Judges 19:30; 1 Samuel 5:5; 1 Samuel 6:18; 1 Samuel 8:8; 1 Samuel 12:2; 1 Samuel 27:6; 1 Samuel 29:3, 6, 8; 1 Samuel 30:25; 2 Samuel 4:3; 2 Samuel 6:8 = 1 Chronicles 13:11; 2 Samuel 7:6 = 1 Chronicles 17:5; 2 Samuel 18:18 + often; עַדעֶֿצֶם הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה † Joshua 10:27 (JE), Ezekiel 2:3 (compare Leviticus 23:14 H); עַדֿ הַיּוֺם הַהוּא † Judges 18:1; Nehemiah 8:17.
†m. once עַליֿוֺם טוֺב 1 Samuel 25:8 upon a good day, i.e. a day of social cheerfulness, feasting, rejoicing (with rare עַל temporal compare Dr; יוֺם טוֺב also Esther 8:17; Esther 9:19, 22, see טוֺב adjective)
Gesenius’ Hebrew Lexicon:
יוֹם suff. יוֹמִי, יוֹמְךָ, dual יוֹמַיִם, pl. יָמִים (as if from sing. יָם), constr. יְמֵי m.
(1) the day. (Syr. ܝܘܰܡܳܐ, Arabic يَوْمُ id. The primary signification appears to me to be that of the heat of the day. For the roots יוֹם and יָוַן or יוֹן appear to have originated by softening the guttural, from the roots יָחַם to be warm, and יחן Arabic وَحِنَ to glow with anger. Compare Arabic transp. ومة to be hot (as the day), and Gr. ἰαίνω.) Opp. to night, Genesis 7:4, 12 8:22 31:39. Adv. יוֹם by day, in the day time, i.q. יוֹמָם Psalms 88:2 (see הַיּוֹם, בַּיּוֹם). יוֹם יוֹם Genesis 39:10; Exodus 16:5 יוֹם וָיוֹם Esther 3:4 (more fully בְּכָל־יוֹם וָיוֹם ibid. 2:11). יוֹם בְּיוֹם (properly Tag an Tag, see בְּ letter B, No. 1 ); Nehemiah 8:18 כְּיוֹם בְּיוֹם 1 Samuel 18:10 לְיוֹם בְּיוֹם 2 Chronicles 24:11, daily.
The day of any one is specially
(a) in a good sense, the festival day of any one. Hosea 7:5, יוֹם מַלְכֵּנוּ “the day of our king,” i.e. his birth-day, or that of his inauguration; 2:15, יְמֵי הַבְּעָלִים “the festival days of idols”; 2:2, יוֹם יִזְרְעֶאל “the day of Jezreel,” i.e. the day when the people shall be assembled at Jezreel. Used of a birth-day, Job 3:1 (not so 1:4 ).
(b) in a bad sense, a fatal day, the day of one’s destruction. Obadiah 1:12, יוֹם אָחִיךָ “the day of thy brother’s (destruction).” Job 18:20, “at his destruction (יוֹמוֹ) shall posterity be astonished;” 15:32 Psalms 37:13, 137:7 1 Samuel 26:10; Ezekiel 21:30. (Arabic دَهْرُ times, sc. unfortunate). Hence
(c) day of battle and slaughter. Isaiah 9:3, יוֹם מִדְיָן “the day of the defeat of Midian.” Comp. “dies Alliensis, Cannensis;” Arab. يوم بدر the day of the battle of Beder.
(d) “the day of Jehovah,” i.e. the day of the judgment which God will hold upon the wicked, Joel 1:15; Ezekiel 13:5; Isaiah 2:12. Plur. Job 24:1.
(2) time, like ἡμέρα, a day. See the phrases הַיּוֹם, בְּיוֹם, כַּיּוֹם etc., under the letters a. b. d. e. f. g. More frequently in Pl. יָמִים No. 2.
With the article and prepositions prefixed
(a) חַיּוֹם in this day, to-day, Genesis 4:14, 22:14 24:12 30:32 31:48, etc. (Arab. أَلْيَوْمَ); by day, in the day time (opp. to הַלַּיְּלָה), Nehemiah 4:16; Hosea 4:5, i.q. יוֹמָם; at this time, Deuteronomy 1:39; 1 Samuel 12:17, 14:33 also, at that time, then, 1 Samuel 1:4, 14:1 2 Kings 4:8; Job 1:6 (where the common rendering is, on a certain day, at some time, i.q. قَوْمًا, the force of the article being neglected).
(b) בְּיוֹם followed by inf. in the day in which, as Genesis 2:17, בְּיוֹם אֲכָלְךָ “in the day in which thou eatest;” Leviticus 7:36 at that time in which, i.e. when. Genesis 2:4, בְּיוֹם עֲשׂוֹת יְיָ אֱלֹהִים אֶרֶץ וְשָׁמַיִם “when Jehovah God had made the earth and the heaven;” 3:5 Exodus 10:28; Isaiah 11:16; Lamentations 3:57. Followed by a pret. Leviticus 7:35.
(c) בַּיּוֹם by day, in the day time, Jeremiah 36:30 “in this very day,” i.e. at once, presently, Proverbs 12:16 Neh. 3:34 in that day, i.e. lately, Judges 13:10.
(d) כַּיּוֹם in this day, at this time, now, Genesis 25:31, 33 Genesis 25:33; 1 Kings 1:51; Isaiah 58:4 where it refers to a future action: before that, 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Kings 22:5. Often also כַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה at this time, now, 1 Samuel 22:8, 13 1 Samuel 22:13 at that time, then, of something past, Deuteronomy 8:18 of something future, Deuteronomy 2:30, 4:38 1 Kings 8:24.
Not greatly different is
(e) כְּהַיּוֹם i.e. to day, 1 Samuel 9:13; Nehemiah 5:11 (immediately); כְּהַיּוֹם הַזֶּה at this time, now, Ezra 9:7, 15 Ezra 9:15; Nehemiah 9:10 at that time, then, Genesis 39:11, also as at this time (when כְּ has the power of comparison), Deuteronomy 6:24; Jeremiah 44:22.
(f) מִיּוֹם from the time when- Exodus 10:6; Deuteronomy 9:24.
(g) כָּל־הַיּוֹם
(a) in all days, every day, daily, Psalms 42:4, 11 Psalms 42:11, 44:23 56:2, Psalms 56:3, Psalms 56:6, 71:8, 15 Psalms 71:15, 24 Psalms 71:24, 73:14 (parall. לַבְּקָרִים every morning); 74:22 86:3 88:18 89:17. (LXX. sometimes καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν).
(β) all the day, Isaiah 62:6 (parall. בָּל־הַלַּיְלָה). Psalms 32:3, 35:28 37:26 38:7, 13 Psalms 38:13. LXX. ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν (γ) in all time, perpetually (allezeit, immerdar). Psalms 52:3, חֶסֶד אֵל כָּל־הַיּוֹם “the mercy of God (is exercised) continually.” Proverbs 21:26. הַיּוֹם הִתְאַוָּה תַאֲוָה כָּל־ “(the wicked man) covets greedily continually;” 23:17 Isaiah 28:24, “does the ploughman plough continually?” 65:5, אֵשׁ יֹקֶדֶת כָּל־הַיּוֹם “a fire continually burning.” There is often added תָּמִיד Isaiah 51:13, 52:5 Psalms 72:15. In the same sense there is frequently used in prose כָּל־הַיָּמִים which see; the expression now under consideration is peculiar to poetry.
Dual יוֹמַיִם two days, Exodus 16:29, 21:21 Numbers 9:22; Hosea 6:2, מִיֹּמַיִם בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי “after two days, on the third day,” i.e. presently [surely it ought to be taken in its exact meaning]; comp. John 2:19, 20.
Plural יָמִים (as if from the singular יָם), in the Chaldee form יָמִין Daniel 12:13 constr. יְמֵי, poetically יְמוֹת Deuteronomy 32:7; Psalms 90:15 (compare Aram. יוֹמָת, ܝܰܘܡ̈ܳܬܐܳ).
(1) days, e.g. שִׁבְעַת יָמִים seven days, Genesis 8:10, 12. יָמִים אֲחָדִים some days, i.e. some time, for a while, Genesis 27:44. יָמִים put absolutely has the same power as Arab. أَيَّامًا some days, some while, Syr. ܒܬܪ ܝܘܰܡܳܬܐܳ after some time (Barhebr, Ch. p. 391, 418). Nehemiah 1:4; Daniel 8:27; Genesis 40:4, וַיִּהְיוּ יָמִים בְּמִשְׁמָר “and they were for a while in custody.” The space of time thus signified, which is often several months, and never an entire year, will appear clearly from the following examples. Numbers 9:22, יוֹמַיִם אוֹ חֹדֶשׁ אוֹ יָמִים “for two days or a month or a greater length of time.” 1 Samuel 29:3, “he has been with me זֶה יָמִים אוֹ זֶה שָׁנִים now for several (or many) days, or rather years.” מִיָּמִים some while after, Judges 11:4, 14:8 15:1. מִקֵּץ יָמִים id., Genesis 4:3; 1 Kings 17:7. [It is clear that the statement that יָמִים always means something less than a year is a mere assertion; the cited passages prove nothing of the kind. See No. 3.]
(2) time, without any reference to days, Genesis 47:8, יְמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיֶּיךָ “the time (period) of the years of thy life.” בִּימֵי אַבְרָהָם in the time of Abraham, Genesis 26:1 שְׁלֹמֹה, בִּימֵי דָוִד 2 Samuel 21:1; 1 Kings 10:21, in the time, or age, of David, of Solomon; i.e. during the reign of David, of Solomon. (Arab. الملك فلان فى ايام during the reign of king N.N.). Exodus 2:11, “it came to pass בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם at that time.” כָּל־הַיָּמִים in all time, perpetually, for ever, always. Deuteronomy 4:40, 5:29 6:24 11:1 12:1 14:23 (and often in that book). Jeremiah 31:36, 32:39 33:18 35:19 1 Samuel 1:28, 2:32, 35 1 Samuel 2:35, 18:29 23:14. Often
(a) specially it is the time of life, life time. בָּא בַוָּמִים advanced in life, Genesis 24:1; Joshua 13:1; Job 32:7, יָמִים יְדַבֵּרוּ “let days (of life) speak (die Iahre mögen reden, das Alter mag reden), i.e. let the old speak. כָּל־הַיָּמִים through all the time of life, Genesis 43:9, 44:32. מִיָּמֶיךָ since thy days, i.e. whilst thou hast lived, 1 Samuel 25:28; Job 38:12. הֶאֱרִיךְ יָמָיו to live long, to be long-lived, see אָרַךְ. Metaph. כָּל־יְמֵי הָאָרֶץ all the time of the earth, as long as the earth lasts. Genesis 8:22.
(b) יָמִים is often put in the acc. pleonastically after words denoting a certain space of time, as שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים two years of time, zweh Iahre Zeit, Genesis 41:1; Jeremiah 28:3, 11 Jeremiah 28:11(in German there is a similar pleonasm, zweh Thaler Geld), חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים [a month days], ein Monat Zeit, for einen Monat lang, Genesis 29:14 יֶרַח יָמִים Deuteronomy 21:13; 2 Kings 15:13 שְׁלשָׁה שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים Daniel 10:2, Daniel 10:3. See as to this idiom, Lehrg. p. 667. (Similarly in Arab. there is added زمان time, and in Ethiopic መዋእል፡ days, just as in Hebrew, see Ascensio Jesaiæ ed. Laurence, i. 11; xi. 7.)
(3) The signification of time is limited to a certain space of time, namely a year, as in Syr. and Chaldee ܥܶܕܢܳ, עִדָּן signifies both time and a year; and in German also several words which designate time, weight, measure, etc., are applied to certain specific periods of time, weights, and measures (see כִּבְרָה ). [Compare the English word pound from pondus.] Leviticus 25:29; Judges 17:10. זֶבַח הַיָּמִים an anniversary sacrifice. 1 Samuel 2:19. מִיָּמִים יָמִימָה yearly. Exodus 13:10; Judges 11:40, 21:19 1 Samuel 1:3 (comp. שָׁנָה בְשָׁנָה verse 1 Samuel 1:7); 2:19. For יָמִים עַל־שָׁנָה Isaiah 32:10 there is found in Isaiah 29:1 שָׁנָה עַל־שָׁנָה. Also used in a plural sense for years, with the addition of numerals (as פָּנִים plur. Gefichter). 2 Chronicles 21:19, כְּעֵת צֵאת הַקֵּץ לְיָמִים שְׁנַיִם “at the end of two years.” The interpretation of Amos 4:4 is doubtful, לִשְׁלשׂת יָמִים either “every third year,” or else “every third day;” if it mean the latter, it is used in bitter irony.
יוֹם m. Ch. i.q. Heb. a day. יוֹם בְּיוֹם every day, Ezra 6:9. Emphat. יוֹמָא Daniel 6:11.
Plur. found in three [two] forms
(a) יוֹמִין const. יוֹמֵי, emphat. יוֹמַיָּא;
(b) const. יוֹמָת Ezra 4:19 and
(c) as in Hebrew, const. יְמֵי Ezra 4:7. [This should have been omitted, for this verse (as is noticed in Thes.) is in Hebrew.] The same as in Hebrew יָמִים in plur. denotes time, especially life-time, עַתִּיק יוֹמַיָּא advanced in age, Daniel 7:22. [Much better as in the English version, the Ancient of days; it is not a reverential manner of speaking to use words as if God had grown old.]
Jastrow’s Dictionary of the Targums:
יוֹם (b. h.) light, day (opp. night); (astronomical) day; trnsf. day of life; time. Gen. R. s. 6 הי׳ והגשמים וכ׳ the noise of the moving light (Yoma 20ᵇ קול גלגל חמה) and the rains &c.; Midr. Sam. ch. IX. Gen. R. l. c. (ref. to Mal. III, 19) י׳ שהוא מלהט וכ׳ it is the day light which will glow the wicked (cmp. נַרְתֵּק). M. Kat. 25ᵇ (ref. to Am. VIII, 9) זה יוֹמוֹ של וכ׳ that means the day of life of Josiah (who was slain in the bloom of manhood). Gen. R. s. 3 (ref. to ib. I, 5) י׳ אחד … ואיזה זה יוה"כ ‘one (distinguished) day’ … that is the Day of Atonement. Ḥull. V, 5 (83ᵃ) הי׳ הולך וכ׳ the day follows the night, i.e. the beginning of the night is the beginning of the new day. Taan. 29ᵃ, v. זַכַּאי; a. v. fr.—י׳ טוב (abbr. יו"ט) Holy Day; festival. R. Hash. IV, 1; a. fr.—Yoma VII, 4 ויו"ט היה וכ׳ and the Highpriest gave a festival to his friends; a. fr.—Yom Tob, name of a treatise of the Tosefta (v. בֵּיצָה).—י׳ הכפורים (abbr. יו"כ, יה"כ) Day of Atonement. Yoma I, 1; a. v. fr.—בֶּן יוֹמוֹ of the same day, not quite one day old, used on the same day. Sabb. 151ᵇ. B. Kam. 65ᵇ; a. fr.—Tanḥ. Kor. 3; ed. Bub. 6; Num. R. s. 18 תינוקות בְּנֵי יוֹמָן (not בן) children just born; a. fr.—Du. יוֹמַיִם. Mekh. Mishp., N’zikin, s. 7; B. Kam. 90ᵃ ישנו בדין יום או י׳ comes under the law of ‘one or two days’ (Ex. XXI, 21) ; B. Bath. 50ᵃ.—Mekh. l. c. יום שהוא כי׳ וי׳ שהוא כיום a time which counts like two days, and two days which count like a day, which is twenty four hours (from the time of the accident, including part of this and part of the next day).—Snh. 65ᵇ מה יום מיומים (Ms. M. a. Rashi מה היום וכ׳) what difference is there between to-day (Sabbath) and the next day?; Gen. R. s. 11; Yalk. Deut. 918; Yalk. Lev. 617.—Pl. יָמִים; constr. יְמֵי, יְמוֹת. Erub. III, 6 לשני י׳ for both days. Zeb. V, 7 לשני י׳ during two days and one night. Pes. 52ᵃ, a. fr. שני י׳ טובים של גליות, v. גָּלוּת. Taan. IV, 8 לא היו י׳ ט׳ וכ׳ Israel had no days as merry as &c.; a. fr.—Ab. I, 17, a. fr. כל יָמַי all my lifetime.—Esp. יְמוֹת season, period of. י׳ הגשמים, v. גֶּשֶׁם I.—י׳ החמה a) summer season. Toh. VI, 7; a. fr.—b) the solar year. Gen. R. s. 33, end; a. fr.—י׳ הלבנה the lunar year. Ib.; a. fr.—י׳ בגרות, י׳ נערות, v. בַּגְרוּת &c.
Klein Dictionary:
“יוֹם m.n. (pl. יָמִים) 1 day. 2 time. 3 year. [Related to BAram., Aram., and Syr. יוֹם 1">יוֹם, יוֹמָא, Ugar. ym, Arab. yaum, Akka. ūmu (= day), Ethiop. yōm (= today), Aram. יְמָמָא, Syr. אִימָמָא (= day; in contradistinction to ‘night’). cp. יוֹמָא, יְמָמָה.] Derivatives: יוֹמוֹן, יוֹמִי, יוֹמָם, יוֹמִן, יוֹמְיוֹמִי. cp. the second element in יוֹם 1">בַּרְיוֹם.”
HALOT:
I D1 (2225 times), MHeb. SamP.M113 yom/yūm Jerome hayum; Ug. ym pl. ymm; Siloam and Lachish (*yām Cross-F. Orthography 50, 53) Ph. (pl. ימת, ימם),Moabite (pl. ימן), Arm. yaum- OArm. Yaud. EgArm. Nab. Palm. (Jean-H. Dictionnaire 107f), JArm. CPArm. ,יְמָמָא .Syr. yauma, pl. yaumata, JArm,יוֹמָא sg. (y)īmāmā day :: night Mnd. yum(a) (Drower-M. Dictionary 190b) yōma (Nöldeke Mand. Gramm. §21), NMnd. yuma (Macuch Handbuch 580); Arb. yaum, OSArb. y(w)m, pl. ywmm, ymt, ywmmt, Eth. Tigr. (Littmann-H. Wb. 508b); Akk. ūmu. pl. ūmē, also ūmāti; basic form usu. yaum, pl. yam-, cf. D'1 (Bauer-L. Heb. 618n; Brockelmann Grundriss 1:474; Nöldeke Neue Beitr. 134f):cs. יוֹמְךּ/מָם, יוֹם,du. יוֹמַיִם/מֶיִם,pl. ,יָמָיו Jr 1711 ַQ יָמָו) יָמָיו,מ/כְּ/ובִּימֵי, יְמֵי, יָמִים ימוֹת .Da 1213; pl.cs ימִין;יְמֵיכֶם, (ימוֹ K (MHeb. esp. as a season יְמוֹת חַמָּה ,Ph. Syr. OSArb.) Dt 327 Ps 9015, locv. יָמִימָה ;masc .: THAT 1:707ff.
-1. day, daylight ( :: night) Hos 45 by day יוֹם ,416 adv. ( :: Rudolph 96) Job 33 Neh לַיְלָה וָיוֹם, 133 Gn 822 Cj. Jr 3325 and Psא ולֵיְלָה 1K 829 Is 273 Est 416, מַחֲצִית הַיּוֹם midday Neh 83,רְבְעִית הַיּוֹם fourth part of the day 93; ;1S 1111 until the heat of the day עַד־חם הַיּוֹם parallel with ׁרוּח הַיּוֹם;119 חֹם הַשֶּׁמֶש Gn 38 (late afternoon wind Sept., Tg., Vulg., Dalman Arbeit 1:616f) >הַיּוֹם Song 217 (Rudolph 135).
-2. day of twenty-four hours: Gn 15, for שְׁלשֶּׁת יָמִים,1013 a full day Jos יוֹם תָּמִים three days Est 416; יום יום (Ug.) day by day, every day Gn 3910 Ex 165 Ps 619 Pr 830 = = 3021 Neh 818 2C יוֹם בְּיוֹם;34 Est יוֹם וָיוֹם ;2411 2C לְיוֹם בְּיוֹם = 1223 1C לְעֶת־יוֹם בְּיוֹם שְׁנַיִם לַיּוֹם;1810 as on each day 1S כְּיוֹם בְּיוֹם two every day Ex 2938;לִשְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים on the third day Am 44;ֹדְּבַר יוֹם בְּיוֹמו the daily portion Ex 513.19 164 Lv 2337 1K 859 2K 2530 Jr 5234 Da 15,בִּדְבַר יוֹם בְּיוֹם as every day re-כָּל־ הַיּוֹם;814 לִדְבַר־יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ ,813 quires 2C (Akk. ūmakkal, vSoden Gramm. §62h) all the day Is 626, always 2824,כָּל־יוֹם every day Ps -712 בְּכָל־יוֹם =,1403
—3. יוֹם ,128 Ezk יוֹם הַנֶּשֶׁם:special days .,2520 Nah 317 Pr יוֹם קָרָה ,2320 2S הַשֶּׁלֶנ יְמֵי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה,Ex 20g יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת,2513 יוֹם קָצִיר the working days Ezk 461; יום טוב holiday Est 817,יוֹם טוֹבָה day of prosperity (THAT יוֹם רָעָה,353 Gn יוֹם צָרָה,714 Qoh (1:713 Qoh 714 and יוֹם אֵיד Dt 3235 Job 2130 day of יוֹמוֹ ;Ob 12f יוֹם אֵידוֹ and יוֹם נָכְרוֹ =,calamity the day (of his death) appointed for him (Bauer-L. Heb. 5181 ;- 1 (8 בֵּןS 2610 Job 1820 (? בִּלא יוֹמוֹ; 3713 Holscher) Ps עֲלֵימוֹ .Sept before his time Job 1532, ֹבֵּית אִישׁ יוֹמו in one another's houses in turn Job 14; ini' his birthday (Arb. yaumun ja'a) Job 31 =יוֹם הֶלֶּדֶת Gn 1377 Ps יוֹם יְרוּשָׁ';25 Hos יוֹם הִוֶּלְדָהּ = 4020 (day of his misfortune Ob 12-14), ֹיוֹם מוֹתו day יום יזֶאל of his death Jr 5234; historic tie Hos 22, יוֹם מִדְיָן Is 93, 4 ;ארְרֵי־יוֹם Job 38 (Hölscher 17; alt. rd. D' Gunkel Schöpfung אֲשֵׁר +יוֹם;(ארר Commentaries and ;59 (THAT 1:712) Dt 432 2K 2115.
-4. day of Yahweh: eschatological, Gressmann Esch. 141ff. :: Mowinckel Ps. Stud. 2:229ff; Pedersen Isr. 3/4:546; + Eichrodt 1:310ff; von Rad 2:133ff; Zimmerli 166ff; MWeiss HUCA 37:29ff; Reicke-R. Hw. 1923;THAT 1:723ff,cf. יְמֵי הַבְּעָלִים Hos Dt 1121 Ps 8930 Sir 4515 Baruch י׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם,215 יומי שמין 266:3 Donner-R. Inschriften 111 Akk. ūm ili, Landsberger Kalender 12: D1 Is 212 Ezk 303 Zech יוֹם ליהוה ,95 Hos נ י׳ Am 518.20 Is 136.9 Ezk135J1115 יום יהוה,141 21.11 34 414 Ob15 Zeph 17.14 Mal 323 D17 יוֹם חֲרוֹן,114 Pr יוֹם עֶבְרָה,118 Zeph עֶבְרַתי׳ ,634 612 348 Is יוֹם נָקָם, 112 Is 1313 Lam אַפּוֹ Zeph 22f (3 אף ) יוֹם אַף י' 4610 Jr יוֹם נְקָמָה Lam 222, ֹ21 יוֹם אַפּו; cf. Zeph 18.15f Ezk 3633 39g.11·13 Zech 147 Mal 32.17-19.21 Jl 22, cj. Is (his days (of punishment ימָיו;בְּיוֹם זַעְמִי 105 Job 241; the prophetic introductory formula: 10b ,) Am 216 etc. (ZAW +) בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא 55:137) and 5 הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִיםd.
–5. ,810 seven days Gn שִׁבְעַת יָמִים (a יָמִים .5- at יָמִים אוֹ עָשׂוֹר,2744 a few days "׳ אֲחָדִים least ten days 2455, עוּל י׳ infant some days old Is 6520; b) ימִים temporal acc. (Gesenius- K. §118k, Arb. 'ayyāman, Syr. yaumātā) a few days, for some time (THAT 1:720) Gn 404, Lv 25296 (:29 עַד־תּוֹם שׁנַתa, Elliger Lev. 356),Da 827 1133 Neh 14 ,שבְַת יָמִים for seven days Ex 136, שְׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים these seven days 137;אוֹ־ימַיִם אוֹ־חֹדֶשׁ אוֹ־יָמִים whether for two days or a month or longer Nu 922; never ,לא for all time Dt 440, with כָּל־הַיָּמִים 1S 232; c) מִיָּמִים after some time Ju 114 148 הִנַּה יָמִים:d) eschatological;9 קֵץ ,151 1S 231 2K 2017/Is 396 Am 42 811 913 Jr בָּאִים 732 (+ 13 times in Jr); -+ 4.
–6. ימֵי .with a modifier: a) with gen ימִים .6- נְעוּרֶיהָ with יְמֵי;327 Dt יְמוֹת עוֹ' 911 Am עוֹלָם Hos 217, with רע evil days (Gesenius-K. $128w) Ps 496, with קדם (THAT 1:721) 2K 1925;b) with vb. ּימוֹת עִנִּיתָנו as many days as you have afflicted us Ps 9015,ימֵי הֲיוֹת as long as he was (there) 1S 224 2515 יְמֵי הִתְהַלַּכְנו; C) lifetime:ָימֵי שְׁנֵי חַיֶּיך Gn 47g,ּיְמֵי שְׁנוֹתֵינו Ps so long as you live 1S 2528, since מִיָּמֶיךָ;9010 your days began Job 3812, לא ... מִיָּמַי none of my days 276 :: Dhorme; Hölscher: rd. m7 סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי,211 2S יְמֵי דָּוד reign;(חפר II) -the ap לַיָּמִים (2b;d סֵפֶר - ,1419 1K הַיָּמִים pointed time, the last days Da 1014 (Sept. Theodotion לי׳ far-off time).
-7. period of time: year (THAT 1:722); a) זבח 3:1 1S 121 219 206, Karatepe זְבַח הַיָּמִים on' the yearly sacrifice :: FSNorth VT 11:446ff; Dahood Biblica 44:72: season of four months, stated explicitly Ju 192 1S 277, assumed also for Ju 1710 1S 293 (Sept. D'nz) for D'30) 1K 1715, Gn 2455 404 Lv 2529 (see above 5b);b) מִיָּמִים יָמִ֗ימָה year by year,annually (MHaran VT 19:11) Ex 1310 Ju 1140 1S 13 219 ;יָמִים וְאַרְבָּעָה חֲדָשִׁים one year and four months 1S 277, עֲשֶׂרֶת כֶּסֶף לַיָּמִים Ju 1710 and the instances under 7a; c) D'p, as apposition after the period of time (Gesenius-K. $131d):מִקֵץ שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים after two full years Gn 41 1 בְּעוֹד שְׁנָ׳ יָ׳ Jr 283.11 ;חֹדֶשׁ יָ׳ Gn 2914 and ", 1777 (Akk. arah ūmāti) Dt 2113 2K 1513 one (full) month שְׁלֹשָׁה שָׁבֶעים י׳ for three weeks Da 102.
-8. dual. יום אוֹ יוֹמַים one or two days Ex לֵחֵם יוֹמַיִם,62 after two days Hos מִיּוֹמַיִם, 2121 bread for two days Ex 1629.
–9. .temporal acc., Brockelmann Heb) הַיּוֹם .9- Syn. §100b): a) on that day 1S 14 ( :: Morgenstern HUCA 14:43ff: on New Year's Day, like Job 16 21), one day 1S 141 2K 48 Job 16, :: הַלּילָה by day Neh 416; b) this day (Lat. hoc die > hodie) today Gn 414 2214 1S 92b (ba 10) ;הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה just today 2S 1820, .16 now Neh יוֹמָם וָלַיְלָה
-10. with prep .; a) בְּיוֹם (Arb. AFischer ZDMG 56:80ff): i) with finite vb. in relative clause (Gesenius-K. §130d) in the day of: with צר לי when I am in distress Ps 1023, אֶקְרָאֶךְָ when he called Ex 628, with דְּבֶּר with when I called upon you Lam 357; ii) with inf. (THAT 1:711) בּיוֹם עֲשוֹת י׳ in the day that Yahweh made Gn 24 + ca. 70 times, with inf. nif. בְּיוֹם הִבֶּרְאָם Gn 52 + 8 times; Gn 21g; iii) when something בְּיוֹם הַטָּהוֹר and בְּיוֹם הַטָּמֵא is unclean or clean Lv 1457 (THAT 1:711); b) Gn 3140; ii) at once (בַּלַּיְלָה :: ) i) by day: בַּיּוֹם Pr 1216 (Gemser 112) Neh 334 ( :: Rudolph, Galling); iii) בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא (THAT 1:715) indefinitely, on that day, then Gn 1518 Ex 1430 3228 Nu 96 Jos 1028 Ju 330 1S 32 and elsewhere; iv) on the same day, at the same time Gn 1518 Jos 1018 (Ezr 834 Rudolph Esr .- Neh. 84; or as iii, BH; Galling); v) בַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה (THAT 1:714f) בְּעֶצֶם ;1630 on this day Gn 711 Ex 191 Lv on this very day Gn 713 Ex 1217 Dt הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה g Jos 511; vi) בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא eschatological (Gressmann Mess. 83ff. :: Munch Bajjom hāhū > Rudolph OLZ 40:621f; THAT 1:724) Is 42 530 721 Am 911 and elsewhere cf. as on every day כְּיוֹם בְּיוֹם (i :כ :c) with;4 עֵת 1S 1810; ii) D1'? today, now Gn 2531 Is 584 and elsewhere; first Gn 2531-33 1S 216 1K 151 225 2C 184;כַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה today, now Gn 5020 Dt כַּיּוֹם; (כְּהַיּוֹם .and elsewhere, Da 9 (Or 230 כְּהַיּוֹם;1014 no day like it Jos לא with הַהוּא (Bauer-L. Heb. 227x): about this time 1S 913, ? cj. 912; with iTJ as is now the case Dt 624 Jr 4422 Ezr 97.15 Neh 910; one day Gn 3911; d) with genitive, on the day of Is 103 Hab ליום 316 Ps 814 Job 2130 ;ליוֹם בְּיוֹם each time ( :: Sept., Vulg., alt. day by day) 2C 2411; e) 01'p since the day that, since: i) with inf. Ex 106 Dt 924 ii) with finite vb .: מִיּוֹם דִּבַּרְתִּי from the time when I spoke Jr 362; iii) 2 לְמִימֵיK 1925 Is 3726 (מִימֵי) since; f) with עַד־הַיּוֹם: עַד Gn ) עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה ,817 Neh עַד הַיּוֹם הַהוּא ,1937f Noth Könige 180) Gn 2633 and elsewhere, to this day;עַד־עֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה until the very day Lv 2314 (+ 2 times). -Ps 1024 rd. 'p; ? Ezk 3016 + Spiegelberg OLZ 31:3f; Zimmerli 727.
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KJV Translation Count — Total: 36x
The KJV translates Strong's H8643 in the following manner: shout (11x), shouting (8x), alarm (6x), sound (3x), blowing (2x), joy (2x), miscellaneous (4x).
Outline of Biblical Usage:
Strong’s Definition:
תְּרוּעָה tᵉrûwʻâh, ter-oo-aw'; from H7321; clamor, i.e. acclamation of joy or a battle-cry; especially clangor of trumpets, as an alarum:—alarm, blow(-ing) (of, the) (trumpets), joy, jubile, loud noise, rejoicing, shout(-ing), (high, joyful) sound(-ing).
Brown-Driver-Briggs:
† תְּרוּעָה noun feminine shout or blast of war, alarm, or joy; — ת׳ Leviticus 23:24 +; construct תְּרוּעַת Jeremiah 4:19 +; —
1. alarm of war, war-cry, Joshua 6:5, 20; Jeremiah 20:16; Ezekiel 21:27; Amos 1:14; Amos 2:2; Zephaniah 1:16; Job 39:25; מִלְחָמָה ת׳ Jeremiah 4:19; Jeremiah 49:2; מֶלָךְ ת׳ battle-cry of king Numbers 23:21 (poem in J E).
2. blast for march: תקע ת׳ Numbers 10:5, 6 (twice in verse) (P; with חֲצֹצְרוֺת; hence) חֲצֹצְרוֺת הַתּ׳ Numbers 31:6 (P) 2 Chronicles 13:12; on day of atonement שׁוֺפַר ת׳ Leviticus 25:9 (H); 1st of month זִכְרוֺן ת׳ Leviticus 23:24 (P; בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ), יוֺם תֹ Numbers 29:1 (P); generally צִלְצְלֵי ת׳ Psalm 150:5.
3. shout of joy with religious impulse, 1 Samuel 4:5, 6 (twice in verse); 2 Samuel 6:15 = 1 Chronicles 15:28; 2 Chronicles 15:14; Ezra 3:11, 12, 13; הַשִּׂמְחָה קוֺל ת׳ Ezra 3:13; in public worship generally Job 33:26; especially + musical service Psalm 33:3; Psalm 47:6; זִבְחֵי ת׳ Psalm 27:6, יֹדְעֵי ת׳ Psalm 89:16.
4. shout of joy, in general Job 8:21 (|| שְׂחַוֺק).
Gesenius’ Hebrew Lexicon:
תְּרוּעָה f. (from the root רוּעַ)
(1) prop. tumult, loud noise, specially
(a) joyful noise, rejoicing, Job 8:21. הֵרִיעַ תְּרוּעָה 1 Samuel 4:5; Ezra 3:11, 13 Ezra 3:13, תְּרוּעַת מֶלֶךְ joyful acclamations with which the people receive the king, Numbers 23:21.
(b) a warlike cry, cry for battle, Amos 1:14; Jeremiah 4:19, 49:2, תְּרועָה הֵרִיעַ to raise a war-cry, Joshua 6:5, 20 Joshua 6:20.
(2) the sound of a trumpet, Leviticus 25:9. יוֹם תְּרוּעָה the first of the seventh month (afterwards the first), which was announced with sound of trumpet, Leviticus 23:24 -Numbers 29:16. זִבְחֵי תְרוּעָה sacrifices offered with sound of trumpet, Psalms 27:6, compare Numbers 10:10; Psalms 89:16.
Jastrow’s Dictionary of the Targums:
תְּרוּעָה f. (b. h. רוּעַ I) blowing the trumpet, esp. T’ruʿah, a rapid succession of three notes, tremolo. R. Hash. IV, 9 שיעור ת׳, v. יַבָּבָה. Ib. 34ᵃ שיעור תקיעה כת׳ שיעור ת׳ וכ׳ the value of a T’ḳiʿah is equal to a T’ruʿah, and that of a T’ruʿah is equal to three Sh’barim. Ib. ת׳ בפני עצמה ות׳ וכ׳ t’kiʿah (the verb תקע) means one thing, and t’ruʿah (the verb הריע) another thing; תקיעה ותר׳ אחת היא they mean the same; a. fr.—Pl. תְּרוּעוֹת. Ib. IV, 9 כשלש ת׳, v. תְּקִיעָה. Ib. 34ᵃ; a. fr.
Klein Dictionary:
תְּרוּעָה f.n. 1 shout, cry, alarm. 2 a succession of tremulous notes of the ‘shofar’ or trumpet. [Verbal n. of הֵרִיעַ (= he shouted, gave a blast), Hiph. of רוע. For the form of this word see תְּבוּנָה.] Derivatives: תרע, תּוֹרְעָנִי.
HALOT:
.Bauer-Leander Heb. 496r. cstr,רוע: תְּרוּעָה nvin (the pl. is not attested in the OT, but see below 1QM 3:1).
General remark: there are two co-existing meanings for the sbst .; on the one hand it means alarm or scream, and on the other hand shout or jubilation; they are both also found in the verb 177 to shout or to rejoice; of these meanings alarm can probably be taken to be the more original or the the older one; according to the individual situation it can be taken to mean cry (especially war-cry) and a loud shout of joy, but the latter meaning is missing (perhaps not by accident) from 1QM. For suggestions about explaining the etymology of the root see under D17.
A. MHeb. תּרוּעָה alarm call (with a blast on the horn), see Dalman Wörterbuch 448b; DSS (Kuhn Konkordanz 236f): in 1QM it occurs 18 times with two different meanings. תרועת מלחמה (a) alarm, alarm for war: a-;16:8 .major alarm for war 8:10, cf נדולה the sound of the קול (ה)תרועה (3;17:13 alarm for war 8;10, 15; 9:1; 16:9; 17:14 (twice); Y) חצוצרות התרועה the alarm trumpets, or alternatively trumpets for the alarm for war 2:15; 7:13, cf. 17:11; pl. they יתקעו להם ... תרועה (8;3:1 ח׳ התרועות ותרועת (blow to sound the alarm 8:7; e ;18:2 the war cry of the holy ones קדושים and at the battle-cry of ותרועת אלים ואנשים the godly ones (meaning of the angels) and of the men 1:11, so with Maier Texte 1: 124; 2: 113 with reference to 1QM 7:6. -b) signal: ותקעו להם ... תרועה and they blast out their signal 16:4f; 16:5f.
B. Bibliography (selected): Schwally Krieg 25f; Paul Humbert La Terou'ā. Analyse d'un rite biblique (Neuchâtel, 1946); Michel VT 6(1956) 46ff; de Vaux Inst. 2: 63,66f= Lebensord. 2: 60, 63f; Fritz Stolz Jahwes und Israels Kriege (ATANT 60; 1972) 46-49; Dumortier VT 22 (1972) 183f; Franz Schickelberger Die Ladeerzählungen des ersten Samuel-Buches (Forschungen zur Bibel 7; 1973) 75f; Rudolf Schmid Opfer mit Jubel (ThZ 35; 1979) 48-54; THAT 1: 430; 2: 570.
C. For the sbst. in BHeb. and its meaning see especially Humbert, Stolz and Schickelberger loc. cit. (see above, B).
-1. a) תְרוּעַת מִלְחָמָה war cry, alarm for war Jr 419 (parallel with 1() and Jr 492 with שָׁמַע,or rather ַתְּרוּעָה;הִשְׁמִיע Jos 65.20 2C 1312 with רוע hif. 2 ;חּרוּעָה parallel קוֹל בִּתְרוּעָה;שָׁמַע Jr 2016, with זְעָקָה with Ezk 2127, with D17 hif. to raise the voice in a war-cry;רְעַם שָׂרִים וּתְרוּעָה a shout from the commanders and a cry for war Jb 3925 (-+ .16.vs הַסּוּס.B 3b, sbj רוח b); with רַעַם
-b) בִּתְרוּעָה בְיוֹם מִלְחָמָה in a war cry on the בִּתְרוּעָה 22 day of battle Am 114, cf. Am .בְקוֹל שׁוֹפֶר יוֹם שׁוֹפָר וּתְרוּעָה
-c) the day of Yahweh is-a day for blowing the horn and shouting for war Zeph 116, cf. von Rad Theol. 25: (1960) 131f; Rudolph KAT 13/3: 269f; Klaus Seybold Satirische Prophetie. Studien zum Buche Zefanja (SBS 120; 1985) 39ff.
-2. signal: a) when breaking camp during the wandering in the wilderness Nu 105.6.6, -316 cf. Nu,תָּקַע תִּ׳
-b) to announce or to accompany an important feast-day: on the occasion of the new year: a) '17171 a reminder, commemoration, by an alarm call Lv 2324, so Elliger Lev. 317; also HAL 260b; HALOT 271b; but see Elliger p. 318: the sense of 1i7?f is not really a commemoration, but an announcement, e.g. also Nu 515 ;יוֹם תּ׳ = זִכְרוֹן Nu 291; B) for the day of reconciliation שׁוֹפַר תּ׳ sounding the alarm on the horn Lv 259, with I עבר hif. (+I עבר hif. 10).
-3. shout of joy: -a) in everyday life: אֶל) pi. and he מלא Jb 821, with וּשְפָתֶיךָ תִ׳ VS.20) will fill your lips with jubilation.
-b) associated with the cult in a greater or lesser measure: a) ְתְּרוּעַת הַמֶּלֶך royal jubilation, or alternatively jubilant homage for the king (Gesenius-Buhl Handw.) Nu 2321. In Ps 8916 the meaning is uncertain; either it is concerned with the jubilation for the king, for which see Humbert Terou'a (see above B), and Kraus BK 155 788f (with bibliography); or there may be an underlying allusion to some theophany, for which see Stolz Jahwes und Israels Kriege 47 (see above B) with reference to vs.16b, who translates: Yahweh, they wander in the light of your countenance; ß) in connection with the arrival, or rather the bringing up of the Ark קוֹל הַתְּ׳;5.hif. vs רוע IS 46, with תּ׳ נְדוֹלָה loud jubilation, or rather screaming with joy 1S 46, with 2 בִּחְרוּעָה וּבְקוֹל שׁוָֹר;שָׁמַעS עָלָה אֱלֹהִים .hif;cf עלה 615/1C 1528, with ,Ps 476; for the procession of the Ark בְּתְרוּעָה see Stolz loc. cit. 47; Y) other different occasions where nDi7 may be used in connection with the cult at Jerusalem, but not all of which are precisely indicated as such: -i. the laying of the foundation stone of the temple hif., so also רוע Ezr 311, with תְּרוּעָה נְדוֹלָה vS.13b;בְּתְרוּעָה בְשְמְחָה Ezr 312, see Rudolph Esr .- Neh. 30 ;- ii. זכְחֵי ת׳ a sacrifice with a shout of joy Ps 276, see R. Schmid ThZ 35 תְּרוּעַת הַשְמְחָה; (see above B)48-54 (1979) jubilant happiness Ezr 313a; בִּתְרוּעָה Ps 333, צֶלְצְלִים Ps 1505 ( II בְּצִלְצְלֵי תִ׳;וp ננן with 2a), with II הלל pi; -iii. when an individual experiences salvation וַיַּרְא פָּנָיו בִּתְרוּעָה he must look at his face (the face of God) with jubilation Jb 3326, on which see F. Stolz Jahwes und Israels Kriege (see above B) 47; -iv. a festival to celebrate the taking of an וּבִתְרוּעָה וּבַחֲצֹצְרוֹת oath is accompanied by nineia jubilation with trumpets and horns 2C 1514. +
https://archive.org/details/hebrewaramaiclex0004kohl/page/1790/mode/2up
https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/h8643/kjv/wlc/0-1/
https://www.studylight.org/lexicons/eng/hebrew/8643.html
“Moses...appointed Nisan...as the first month for the festivals...the commencement of the year for everything relating to divine worship, but for selling and buying and other ordinary affairs he preserved the ancient order [i. e. the year beginning with Tishrei]”
Josephus, Antiquities 1.81, Loeb Classical Library, 1930
“When the New Year's day became the day of God's judgment, no doubt under Babylonian influence, the atoning character of Yom Kippur became still stronger.”
“YOM KIPPUR”, The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, vol 10, 1943, pg 604
“But under the influence of Babylonian mythology, which spoke of the beginning of the year — “zagmuk" — on the first day of Nisan as the time when the gods decided the destiny of life {Jensen - Kosmologie. pp. 84-86, 238), the idea developed also in Jewish circles that on the first of Tishri, the sacred New Years Day and the anniversary of Creation, man’s doings were judged and his destiny was decided: and that on the tenth of Tishri the decree of heaven was sealed (Tosef. R.H. i. 13: R H. 11a, 16d) a view still unknown to Philo (“De Septenario.” 22) and disputed by some rabbis (R. H. 16d).”
“ATONEMENT”, Jewish Encyclopedia, vol 02, 1905, 281
“MISHNAH: On the first of Tishre is New Year for years, and remission of debts, and Jubilee periods, and for planting, and vegetables On the first of Shevaṭ is New Year for trees following the House of Shammai; the House of Hillel say, on the fifteenth of it.”
“Jerusalem Talmud Rosh Hashanah 1:2 Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, 1999-2015“, Sefaria.org, https://www.sefaria.org/Jerusalem_Talmud_Rosh_Hashanah.1.2.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en, Accessed 20250905
“... Which month contains a festival, and a turning point, and the year starts from it? Which one is this? It is Tishre. … If you would say Nisan, there is a turning point and a festival, but no gathering. … So which one is this? It is Tishre. … [Rebbi Jonah] said to them, from here on you are quarrelling with me about names of months? As Rebbi Ḥanina said, the names of the months ascended with them from Babylonia. Originally, in the month of Ethanim [seventh], in which the Patriarchs were born, and the Patriarchs died, and the Mothers were remembered. Originally, in the month of Bul, where the leaves are falling, and the earth is made into lumps; where one mixes for domestic animals in the house. Originally, in the month of Ziw, which is the splendor of the world, when plants are recognized and trees recognized. From then onwards, it was in the month of Nisan of year twenty; it was in the month of Kislew of year twenty; in the tenth month, this is the month of Ṭevet. …”
“Jerusalem Talmud, Rosh Hashanah, 56d 1:2”, Sefaria.org, https://www.sefaria.org/Jerusalem_Talmud_Rosh_Hashanah.1.2.2?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en, Accessed 20250905
“After the conquest of Jerusalem (587 bce), the Babylonians introduced their cyclic calendar (see above Babylonian calendars) and the reckoning of their regnal years from Nisanu 1, about the spring equinox. The Jews now had a finite calendar year with a New Year’s Day, and they adopted the Babylonian month names, which they continue to use. From 587 bce until 70 ce, the Jewish civil year was Babylonian, except for the period of Alexander the Great and the Ptolemies (332–200 bce), when the Macedonian calendar was used.”
“The early Roman calendar, The Jewish Calendar”, Encyclopedia Britannica online, Britannica.com, https://www.britannica.com/science/calendar/The-early-Roman-calendar
“They are four days in the year that serve as the New Year, each for a different purpose: On the first of Nisan is the New Year for kings; it is from this date that the years of a king’s rule are counted. And the first of Nisan is also the New Year for the order of the Festivals, as it determines which is considered the first Festival of the year and which the last. On the first of Elul is the New Year for animal tithes; all the animals born prior to that date belong to the previous tithe year and are tithed as a single unit, whereas those born after that date belong to the next tithe year. Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi Shimon say: The New Year for animal tithes is on the first of Tishrei. On the first of Tishrei is the New Year for counting years, as will be explained in the Gemara; for calculating Sabbatical Years and Jubilee Years, i.e., from the first of Tishrei there is a biblical prohibition to work the land during these years; for planting, for determining the years of orla, the three-year period from when a tree has been planted during which time its fruit is forbidden; and for tithing vegetables, as vegetables picked prior to that date cannot be tithed together with vegetables picked after that date. On the first of Shevat is the New Year for the tree; the fruit of a tree that was formed prior to that date belong to the previous tithe year and cannot be tithed together with fruit that was formed after that date; this ruling is in accordance with the statement of Beit Shammai. But Beit Hillel say: The New Year for trees is on the fifteenth of Shevat.“
Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1
Koren - Steinsaltz
https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Rosh_Hashanah.1.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en