Chapter 1: The history of computing

• Ancient History

• Abacus (3000 bc), Slide Rule (1622), Pascal, Leibniz (1694 – not built for 150 yrs)
• (Joseph) Jaquard’s Loom (1801)
• Charles Babbage’s Difference Engine
• Herman Hollerith (Census counting machine, IBM)
• Wartime Research

• ENIAC (Electronic Number Integrator and Computer - first decimal digital. Artillery tables, thermonuclear validator)
• EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer - first Binary machine)

• Von Neumann Architecture (Stored Program Concept)

• First Generation: 1950’s

• Vacuum tubes
• Binary / machine code
• Assembly
• UNIVAC (universal automatic computer)

• 1952 presidential election prediction

• IBM

• International Business Machines
• Mainframe
• Card input

• Second Generation: Transistors - late 50’s-60’s

• replaced vacuum tubes
• magnetic discs
• high-level languages

• Third Generation: Circuit Boards - late 60’s

• Integrated Circuit Boards, a.k.a semi-conductors
• Operating Systems
• Time Sharing

• Fourth Generation: LSI/VLSI - 70s

• 60’s = 1000 circuits/chip vs 70’s 15k-1M circuits/chip
• minicomputer
• UNIX

• Personal Computers:

• Intel
• CPU’s
• Micro-processor
• Altair 8080
• Bill/Paul microsoft
• Apple
• MS-DOS
• GUI
• Macintosh

• Fifth Generation: today

• Parallel computing
• Supercomputer
• Internet
• Lan / wan
• oop

• Microsoft Era

• Open source software
• Anti-trust monopoly suit

• Future of Tech.