European Nations Settle North America Guided Notes

Slide 1:

1. Magellan's voyage showed ships could reach Asia by the way of the Pacific Ocean
2. Spain claimed the route around the southern tip of South America
3. Other European countries were hoping to find an easier and more direct route to the Pacific
4. If it did, a northwest trade route through North America to Asia would become highly profitable
5. But instead the French, English and Dutch established colonies in America.

Slide 2:

1.  French explorers were hoping to reach the East Indies
2. ______________ da Verrazano, an Italian in the service of France, sailed to North America looking for a sea route to the Pacific
3. He did discover New York Harbor

Slide 3:

1. Ten years later Frenchman Jacques Cartier reached a gulf off the eastern coast of Canada that led to a broad river
2. Which gets named St. Lawrence
3. Followed it inward until he reached a large island dominated by a mountain
4. Named it Montreal.
5. Later, French explorer, ____________ De Champlain, sailed up the St. Lawrence with 32 colonists and founded Quebec, which became known as New France

Slide 4: 

1. French later go into the North American continent
2. French jesuit priest Jacques Marquette and trader Louis Jolliet explored the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi River
3. Ten years later Sieur da La Salle explored the lower Mississippi claiming the entire river for France
4. He renamed it Louisiana in honor of french King Louis XIV.

Slide 5:

1.  France’s North American empire was immense but sparsely populated
2. 1760 the european population was only 65,000 people
3. French colonists had no desire to build towns or raise families
4. Settlers included Catholic priests who sought to convert Native Americans
5. Included young, single men engaged in what became New France’s main economic activity, the fur trade

Slide 6:

1. Explorations of the Spanish and French inspired the English
2. 1606, a company of London investors received King James a charter to found a colony in North America
3. Companies three ships and 100 settlers arrived in 1607 on the coast of Virginia
4. Colonist claimed the land a theirs, naming the settlement ___________ in honor of their king

Slide 7:

1. Colony’s start was rough
2. Settlers were more interested in finding gold than planting crops
3. First few years seven out of every ten people died of hunger, disease or battles with the Native Americans

Slide 8:

1. Colonists eventually gained a foothold in their new land
2. Jamestown became England’s __________ permanent settlement in North America
3. Colonies outlook improved greatly after farmers discovered tobacco
4. High demand in England for tobacco turned it into a cash crop

Slide 9:

1. 1620, a group known as Pilgrims, founded a second English colony, Plymouth in Massachusetts.
2. persecuted for their religious beliefs in England these colonists sought religious freedom
3. Ten years later a group known as the _________ sought religious freedom from England’s Anglican church, they established a larger colony at nearby Massachusetts bay
4. Puritans wanted to build a model community that would set an example for other Christians to follow

Slide 10:

1. Dutch came into America in 1609 when Henry ________ , an Englishman in the service of the Netherlands sailed west
2. Searching for a northwest sea route to asia, he did not find it
3. He did explore three waterways that were later named after him
4. Hudson river, Hudson bay and Hudson strait

Slide 11:

1. Dutch claimed the region along the waterways and established trade with the Iroquois Indians
2. Built trading posts along the hudson river at Fort Orange (Now Albany) and on Manhattan Island
3. Dutch merchants formed the Dutch West India Company
4. In 1621 the Dutch government granted the company permission to colonize the region and expand the fur trade

Slide 12: 

1. Dutch holdings in North America became known as New Netherland
2. The Dutch company profited from its fur trade, but was slow to attract colonists
3. To encourage settlers the colony opened its doors to a variety of peoples
4. Dutch, Germans, French, Scandinavians and other Europeans settled in the area.

Slide 13:

1. During the 1600s, nations of Europe colonized the Caribbean
2. French seized control of present day Haiti, Guadeloupe, and Martinique
3. Englished settled Barbados and Jamaica
4. Dutch captured what are now the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba from Spain
5. Europeans built cotton and sugar plantations on these islands.
6. Enslaved africans usually provided the labor.

Slide 14:

1. English believed New Netherland separated their northern and southern colonies
2. English King, Charles II, granted his brother Duke of York permission to drive out the dutch
3. Dutch surrendered New Netherland without firing a shot
4. Duke of York claimed the colony for England and renamed it ____ _____
5. This allows the English to colonize the Atlantic coast of North America

Slide 15: 

1. English then turn their attention to the French
2. Pushed farther west into the continent and started to interfere with the French
3. 1754 a dispute over land claims in the Ohio Valley led to war between British and French on the North American continent
4. Conflict became known as the __________ and __________ _______

Slide 16:

1. War became part of a larger conflict known as the ___________ Years War.
2. Britain and France, along with their european allies, also battled for supremacy in Europe, west indies and india
3. British colonists with the help of the British Army, defeated the French in 1763
4. French were forced to surrender their North American holdings
5. Britain seized control of half of the eastern half of the U.S.

Slide 17:

1. Arrival of Europeans had an impact on Native Americans
2. French and Dutch settlers developed a mostly cooperative relationship with the native Americans
3. Due to mainly mutual benefits of the ________ trade
4. Native Americans did most of the trapping and then traded the furs to the French of items like guns, hatchets, mirrors and beads
5. Dutch also cooperated with Native Americans to establish a fur trading enterprise

Slide 18:

1. Groups did not live together in complete harmony
2. Dutch settlers fought Native American groups over land claims and trading rights
3. French and Dutch colonists lived together peacefully with Native Americans

Slide 19:

1. Same could not be said of the English
2. Early relations were cooperative, but quickly worsened over issues of land and religion
3. English sought to populate their colonies, which meant pushing the natives off their land
4. English colonies seized more land for their population and to grow tobaccos

Slide 20:

1. Religious differences also heightened tensions
2. English settlers considered native americans heathens, people without faith and Puritans viewed native americans as agents of the devil and a threat to their godly society
3. Native Americans started to share the same view of the Europeans

Slide 21:

1. English settlers and Indians would go to war
2. Powhatan tribe attacked colonial villages around Jamestown and killed 350 settlers
3. Colonists struck back and killed hundreds of Powhatans
4. One of the bloodiest conflicts wars between Native Americans and colonists was known as King ___________ war

Slide 22:

1. Began in 1675 when Native American ruler metacom (aka King Philip) led an attack on colonial villages through Massachusetts
2. In the months that followed both sides massacred hundreds of victims
3. After a year of fighting the colonists defeated the natives
4. Skirmishes would continue throughout the 17th century

Slide 23:

1. Like the Spanish in Central and South America, diseases ravaged the native populations in North America
2. 1616, epidemic of __________ ravaged Native Americans living along the New England coast
3. population of one tribe: the Massachusett, dropped from 24,000 to 750 by 1631.
4. from South Carolina to Missouri nearly whole tribes fell to smallpox, measles and other diseases