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YELLOWSTONE DAY 3 - niedziela, 4 wrzesnia 2016
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YELLOWSTONE DAY 3

niedziela, 4 września 2016

Jazdy

Makoshika - Clark’s Lookout SP: 7h, 480 mil

Clark’s - Bannack SP: 40 minut, 30 mil

Makoshika - Nez Perce (kawalek za Billings): 3:30, 240 mil

Nez Perce - Twin Bridges: 3:15/220 mil

Twin Bridges - Clark’s Lookout: 30 minut/30 mil

Clark’s Lookout - Clark Canyon Reservoir: 30 minut/30 mil

Reservoir - Bannack: 45 min / 25 mil

Opcja 1: 2h, 75 mil

Opcja 2: 1:15, 50 mil

 

Atrakcje

Rzeka Yellowstone (wzdłuż I-94)

Yellowstone – rzeka, prawy dopływ Missouri. Długość 1114 km, znajduje się w zachodniej części USA. Nazwa pochodzi od nazwy nadanej jej przez Indian, z powodu żółtych skał leżących na jej brzegach.

Źródła Yellowstone River znajdują się w północno-zachodniej części stanu Wyoming, w pobliżu Younts Peak, przy dziale wodnym w Górach Skalistych. Płynie w kierunku północnym przez Park Narodowy Yellowstone, przepływa przez jezioro Yellowstone, tworząc następnie Wodospady Yellowstone i żłobiąc Wielki Kanion Yellowstone[2]. Dalej na północ w stanie Montana przecina łańcuch górski Absaroka i jest zasilana przez potoki spływające z gór w pobliżu Livingston, gdzie zmienia kierunek i biegnie dalej przez Wielkie Równiny na wschód w kierunku miasta Billings[1].

Najważniejsze dopływy to Bighorn, Tongue i Powder River[1].

Na wschodniej granicy stanu Montana wpływa do Missouri[1].

Rzeka Yellowstone została odkryta i opisana w 1806 roku przez Williama Clarka podczas powrotu Ekspedycji Lewisa i Clarka. Wcześniej była to ważna droga wodna wykorzystywana przez Indian[1][2]. W 1807 przy rzece powstał pierwszy punkt handlowy założony przez handlarza futrami Manuela Lisę i Johna Coltera. Po powstaniu linii kolejowej (Northern Pacific Railway), na początku lat 80. XIX wieku przy rzece zaczęła osiedlać się ludność. Rzeki używano również do nawadniania[1].

Nez Perce Nat Historic Park - Canyon Creek Battlefield)

Nez Percé (z fr. Przekłute Nosy) – plemię Indian Ameryki Północnej z rodziny językowej penutian, zamieszkujące w przeszłości Płaskowyż na północnym zachodzie dzisiejszych Stanów Zjednoczonych. Sami nazywają siebieNimíipuu i współcześnie zamieszkują głównie rezerwat Nez Percé w stanie Idaho. Nazwę „Przekłute Nosy” nadali im na początku XIX wieku francuscy podróżnicy z powodu charakterystycznej ozdoby nosa, popularnej wśród Indian z tego regionu. W historii zasłynęli głównie dzięki epopei Chiefa Josepha z 1877 roku.

Historia[edytuj]

Zamieszkiwali część stanu Idaho, Waszyngtonu i Oregonu. W 1860 roku, wskutek odkrycia złota w dorzeczu Snake River, na ziemie Indian Nez Percé zaczęli napierać biali. Zniszczyli jedną z wiosek plemienia, aby na jej miejscu postawić miasteczko Lewiston. Na mocy traktatów z 1855 i 1863 Nez Percé odstąpili rządowi USA większość swoich ziem, z wyjątkiem dużego rezerwatu.

Nez Percé z doliny Wallowa pod wodzą Chiefa Josepha byli gnębieni przez białych rabusiów, którzy chronili się w tej okolicy. Wycofując się ze swojej doliny do wskazanego rezerwatu kilku młodych wojowników bez wiedzy wodza chciało pomścić krzywdy plemienia na pobliskich farmach. Wódz Józef mimo występku młodych nie wyciągnął konsekwencji i nie oddał ich w ręce białych. W następstwie tych wydarzeń generał Howard zdecydował się na działania militarne i w 1877 roku rozpoczęła się wojna.

Początkowo grupa Chiefa Josepha próbowała się ukrywać w USA i - unikając walki - zadawała straty przeciwnikowi w niewielkich potyczkach. Kiedy Indianie dowiedzieli się, że nadchodzą duże oddziały Armii USA, chcieli wycofać się do neutralnej Kanady. Na 70-80 mil przed granicą doścignięty Chief Joseph, kierując się chęcią utrzymania plemienia przy życiu, musiał pójść na ugodę z generałem Howardem.

Po kapitulacji wódz Józef wraz z 450 ludźmi został osadzony na Terytorium Indiańskim w dzisiejszej Oklahomie. Później przeniesiono ich do rezerwatu Colville w stanie Waszyngton, gdzie część Nez Percé żyje do dziś.

Światopogląd[edytuj]

Plemię Nez Percé w XIX wieku uważane było za jedną z bardziej pokojowych grup Indian Ameryki Północnej. Z tego powodu niektórzy biali osadnicy nazywali ich „strachliwymi Indianami, którzy bali się mścić swoje ofiary”[potrzebny przypis]. Dzięki pokojowym kontaktom z sąsiadami dłużej niż większość innych plemion utrzymali swoją ziemię, swoim postępowaniem przecząc stereotypowi „czerwonoskórego dzikusa”.

Chief Joseph dzięki skutecznie prowadzonej wojnie partyzanckiej został określony „Czerwonoskórym Napoleonem”. Według samych Nez Percé, na kilkadziesiąt stoczonych przez wojowników plemienia potyczek przegrali tylko dwie, ponosząc jednak duże straty[potrzebny przypis].

Wiele lat po wojnie Chief Joseph został przeproszony przez synów oficerów Armii USA, m.in. Gibbona i Howarda, za mordowanie kobiet i dzieci z jego plemienia[potrzebny przypis].

Liczebność[edytuj]

W 1780 roku Nez Percé liczyli około 4000 osób, a w 1937 roku 1426 osób.

Według danych U.S. Census Bureau, podczas spisu powszechnego w 2000 roku 3983 obywateli USA zadeklarowało, że ma pochodzenie wyłącznie Nez Percé, zaś 6535 oświadczyło, że ma pochodzenie wyłącznie lub między innymi Nez Percé.

Twin Bridges  - niecale 400 osób

Four Indian trails came together at a bend of the Beaverhead River north of the present school building in Twin Bridges. These trails were used by early settlers and freight companies, and helped to establish where the community of Twin Bridges would develop. Judge M.H. Lott came to Montana in 1862, and with his brother John T. Lott, settled in the Ruby Valley in 1864. In 1865 they built a bridge across the Beaverhead River, and later built another bridge across the Beaverhead at the Point of Rocks. The Lott brothers continued development of roads and promoted settlement of the town, which was incorporated in 1902, with M.H. Lott as the first mayor.

Doncaster Round Barn 45°34′12″N112°18′49″W 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doncaster_Round_Barn

The Doncaster Round Barn, also called "Bayers' Barn" and "the Round Barn at Twin Bridges" is a three-story, wood framed round barn located about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of Twin Bridges, Montana. Built about 1882 by mining entrepreneur Noah Armstrong to house his race horses, and featuring a 20 feet (6.1 m)-wide indoor training track around the circumference, it is a National Register of Historic Places property notable for its unique architecture and as the birthplace of the Thoroughbred racehorse, Spokane, winner of the 1889 Kentucky Derby.[2]

Background[edit]

Armstrong had made his fortune in mining, and at one time operated the Hecla Consolidated Mining Company near Glendale, Montana. During that time, he organized horse races in the mining camp, and after leaving the business he obtained property in theJefferson River valley, near Twin Bridges, and began to raise race horses. He bought the original property from his son, and purchased additional surrounding land until he owned 4,000 acres (1,600 ha), which he originally named the Doncaster Farm, in honor of the famed English Thoroughbred race horse Doncaster, whom Armstrong admired.[2] The property had previously been called the Jefferson River Ranch.[3]

Design[edit]

The barn was built in 1882 in accordance with a design by Armstrong and is believed to have been built by local craftsmen from area materials.[2] It was three stories high, shaped like a "wedding cake," with each floor smaller than the one below it.[4] The first floor is about 100 feet (30 m) in diameter, the second floor 75 feet (23 m), and the third floor 30 feet (9.1 m).[5] The barn stands 48 feet (15 m) high from ground level to the top of the ceiling in the third floor.[3]

Detail of east doors of barn, said (with some exaggeration) to be able to accommodate a “ten-horse wagon laden with hay.”[2]

The foundation was set on stone abutments quarried from rock in a canyon located about five miles (8.0 km) away. Armstrong stated they were driven twelve feet below the water table and set on bedrock. The walls were of wooden planks, made of three thicknesses of lumber deep, said to be insulated with "double sheets of building paper" between each layer of lumber.[2] The entrance to the barn originally featured an engraved 4-by-8-foot (1.2 by 2.4 m) horse scene placed over the door.[6]

The barn featured a 20-foot (6.1 m) wide, indoor training track with dirt footing, claimed to be nearly a quarter-mile in circumference,[a] on the ground floor, where Armstrong's horses were exercised. Horses normally kept outside could be sheltered there in bad weather. There were 26box stalls on the first floor, around the outside of the track, with dividing walls only four feet high between the stalls so the horses could see one another, as Armstrong believed that “this promotion of neighborly companionship greatly [relieved] the monotony of indoor horse life.” Each stall included a doorway to the outside and a window. The doorways led to 26 2 1⁄2-acre (1.0 ha) paddocks, one for each horse. A circular structure in the center contained the tack room,[2] two hospital stalls, and a spiral stairway.[5] There was also an elevator for moving hay and grain, and a well shaft was sunk in the center of the barn, which, with the aid of a windmill on a 12-foot (3.7 m) tower at the top of the barn, drew water that was stored in an 11,000-US-gallon (42,000 l) tank on the third floor.[2] The first floors also included office space and sleeping quarters for staff.[5]The second floor could hold up to 50 tons of hay and 12,000 bushels of grain. The floor sloped and chutes were cut into the floor so that feed could be easily deposited into the mangers of the horse stalls below.[2][3] Water from the third floor tank went through a gravity-based plumbing system to each horse's stall.[3]

Charles Armstrong, Noah's son, said the barn “may truly be called a model of architectural beauty and convenience. This structure is so novel in its conception, so convenient in its economy, and withal so admirably adapted to the purposes of its creation, that a description of it cannot but be of interest to the readers of this sketch.”[5]

Operation and ownership[edit]

Armstrong believed that Montana's high altitude and the nutrient-rich farmland along the Jefferson River made the location ideal for raising superior racehorses.[3] He owned horses that raced at major US tracks, including a horse, Lord Raglan, who finished third in the 1883 Kentucky Derby. In 1885 or 1886, bought the mare Interpose, in foal, and shipped her to Montana.[7] Her foal, Armstrong's chestnut race horse, Spokane, was foaled in the barn in 1886,[2] and the horse's early training was on the barn's indoor track.[4]After being shipped east at age 2 for race training,[7] Spokane won the Kentucky Derby in 1889, defeating the favorite, then went on to win other major eastern races.[4] Although popular legend states he returned to Montana, there is not evidence that he did so. He was advertised as standing at stud in Kentucky.[7]

Landforms surrounding the barn and upper Jefferson River valley

The Panic of 1893 caused financial hardship for the Doncaster operation. Armstrong sold the ranch to Max Lauterbach and left Montana in 1900. From there, the barn was owned by a number of different people, and fell into disrepair until purchased by the Bayers family, who owned the Doncaster Farm property from 1933 until 1997.[2] Arthur and Elizabeth Bayers raised Hereford cattle and were major breeders who sold their stock all over North America and held a cattle sale every year in the barn. Their son, Byron Bayers, estimated that their cattle sales over the years topped $5 million.[3] The barn's upkeep was very expensive, particularly the cost of red paint.[2]

The Bayers sold the parcel of land where the barn sat in 1985, and it again fall into disrepair.[3] In 1997, it was purchased by real estate developer and local rancher named Allan Hamilton, who began to renovate the building. He had a new roof put on the building and re-leveled the foundation.[2][3] In 2010, the property was purchased by Tony and Amie James.[2] They formed Swift River investments, a Massachusetts-based business, and began to renovate the structure into a community center. Though "everyone" thought it had been listed on the National Register of Historic Places, no one had done so. In January 2015, the Montana Historic Preservation Board met and unanimously agreed to nominate it. The structure was placed on the NRHP on April 14, 2015.[5]

The building was a Montana Cowboy Hall of Fame Legacy Award Inductee in 2008.[6] The Jameses had been willing to donate the building to house the Montana Cowboy Hall of Fame itself, but a location in Big Timber, Montana was ultimately selected.[5]

Clark’s Lookout

Clark's Lookout State Park is a Montana state park located one mile north of the community of Dillon. The 8-acre (3.2 ha) park encompasses the hill that overlooks the Beaverhead River that William Clark climbed on August 13, 1805 during the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The park offers picnicking and a chance to make the same climb that Clark made.[2]

https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/lewisandclark/cla.htm:

While Lewis and three other members of the Corps of Discovery were headed to Beaverhead Rockoverland, Clark and the rest of the explorers headed there by river. On August 13, 1805, Clark ascended a rocky limestone outcropping, now known as Clark's Lookout, where he viewed the region through a telescope, made a number of compass readings and sketched a map of the area. Five days earlier on August 8, 1805, Sacagawea had identified Beaverhead Rock, the point of a high plain, as the place where her people, the Shoshones, had been when she was kidnapped. Lewis, understanding the importance of finding the Shoshone Indians and obtaining horses and aid from them before winter, went ahead with a small party. Clark and the remainder of the group continued up the river. After days of difficult navigation, Clark and his companions stumbled upon the limestone outcropping and a nearby stream named McNeal's Creek (now Blacktail Deer Creek) after Hugh McNeal, a member of the party.

That night, after travelling 16 miles by water and five miles by land, the explorers camped a few miles southwest of present-day Dillon, Montana. From here they traveled upriver, crossed the Continental Divide and rejoined Lewis on the banks of the Lemhi River. The explorers soon received critical aid from the Shoshone Indians, led by Sacagawea's brother Chief Cameahwait, to continue their journey.

http://www.visitmt.com/listings/general/state-park/clark-s-lookout-state-park.html

This outcropping above the Beaverhead River provided the Lewis and Clark Expedition a view of the route ahead. Captain William Clark climbed this hill overlooking the Beaverhead River to scout what lay ahead for the Lewis and Clark Expedition. You can drive to the site located just 1 mile north of Dillon off Highway 91, park right next to it, and walk the trail to the top. It is situated on 8.2 acres of land at 5,118 feet.

A golf course and three museums are located nearby in Dillon. This is a day use only site and a $5.00 day use fee, cash or check only. There is no visitor center, camping or staff at this location.

Bannack  45°09′40″N 112°59′44″W - $6 od auta?

Self-guided tours allow visitors to spend as much time as they wish at each building. Using a self-guided tour pamphlet, available at the park, visitors learn the historical significance of hotels, business structures, and family homes.

Self-guided tours can be taken any time during the park’s operating hours, year ’round.

Self-guided tour pamphlets are free to use while you’re in the park. If you decide that you would like to keep the book as a souvenir, the cost is $2.00.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannack,_Montana

Bannack is a ghost town in Beaverhead County, Montana, United States, located on Grasshopper Creek, approximately 11 miles (18 km) upstream from where Grasshopper Creek joins with the Beaverhead River south of Dillon.

History[edit]

Founded in 1862 and named after the local Bannock Indians, it was the site of a major gold discovery in 1862, and served as the capital of Montana Territory briefly in 1864, until the capital was moved to Virginia City. Bannack continued as a mining town, though with a dwindling population. The last residents left in the 1970s.

At its peak, Bannack had a population of about ten thousand. Extremely remote, it was connected to the rest of the world only by the Montana Trail. There were three hotels, three bakeries, three blacksmith shops, two stables, two meat markets, a grocery store, a restaurant, a brewery, a billiard hall, and four saloons. Though all of the businesses were built of logs, some had decorative false fronts.

Among the town's founders was Dr. Erasmus Darwin Leavitt, a physician born in Cornish, New Hampshire, who gave up medicine for a time to become a gold miner.[3] Dr. Leavitt arrived in Bannack in 1862, and alternately practiced medicine and mined for gold with pick and shovel. "Though some success crowned his labors," according to a history of Montana by Joaquin Miller, "he soon found that he had more reputation as a physician than as a miner, and that there was greater profit in allowing someone else to wield his pick and shovel while he attended to his profession." Subsequently, Dr. Leavitt moved on to Butte, Montana, where he devoted the rest of his life to his medical practice [4]

Bannack's sheriff, Henry Plummer, was accused by some of secretly leading a ruthless band of road agents, with early accounts claiming that this gang was responsible for over a hundred murders in the Virginia City and Bannack gold fields and trails to Salt Lake City. However, because only eight deaths are historically documented, some modern historians have called into question the exact nature of Plummer's gang, while others deny the existence of the gang altogether. In any case, Plummer and two compatriots, both deputies, were hanged, without trial, at Bannack on January 10, 1864. A number of Plummer's associates were lynched and others banished on pain of death if they ever returned. Twenty-two individuals were accused, informally tried, and hanged by the Vigilance Committee (the Montana Vigilantes) of Bannack andVirginia City.[5] Nathaniel Pitt Langford, the first superintendent of Yellowstone National Park, was a member of that vigilance committee.[6]

Sixty historic log, brick, and frame structures remain standing in Bannack, many quite well preserved; most can be explored. The site, now the Bannack Historic District, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961.[2][7] The town is presently the site of Bannack State Park. Though not particularly popular among tourists, this site remains a favorite for natives and historians alike.

Bannack Days[edit]

Every year, during the third weekend of July, this abandoned town witnesses a historical reconstitution known as "Bannack Days". For two days, Bannack State Park officials organize an event that attempts to revive the times when Bannack was a boom town, re-enacting the day by day of the miners who lived there during the gold rush. An authentic, old-timey breakfast is served in the old Meade Hotel, a building of brick (well preserved) which was for many years the seat of Beaverhead County, before Dillon, Montana, became the seat of the county.[8]

nocleg sobota/niedziela w okolicach Bannack

1 - mozna zrobic rezerwacje w Bannack - $28

2 - Dillon: (35 min/25 mil do Bannack)

http://southsidervpark.com/ - $39

Directions to Southside RV Park in Dillon, MT:

We are very convenient to Interstate 15 - EXIT 62. If driving north on I-15, turn RIGHT after exiting. If driving south on I-15, turn LEFT after exiting. Then drive 0.7 miles to a LEFT turn onto East Poindexter. We are 0.2 miles straight ahead at the end of the street.

Southside RV Park

104 E. Poindexter

Dillon, MT 59725

Phone: (406) 683-2244

3 - Armstead Campground to the south - prysznic!

https://campnative.com/campgrounds/usa/mt/dillon/armstead-campground

Address: 6590 High Bridge Rd, Dillon, MT 59725

Phone: (406) 683-4199

4- Barrets Park - FREE - na poludnie od Dillon

Great place can stay up to 14 days free. Only 5 miles to town for groceries or fuel. Nice park. The river is nearby and locals tube on it. They say they get in at pipes point and it takes 2 1/2 hours to reach barrets. Water pumps, no dump for rv, picnic tables and fire pits, vault toilets. Great place, first come. You'll love it. We stayed Aug 11-14 and it never filled. Three rv/tent spots near the water. We had 34 ft rv

Camp host said could park anywhere as long as not blockin park entrances.

Stayed here in a 34 foot-long Fifth Wheel (RV). LizWilson would stay here again.

5 - darmowy kamping wokol Clark Canyon Reservoir - jest 7 -

Przyklad:

Dojazd do Bannack:

Clark Canyon Dam is an earthfill dam located in Beaverhead County, Montana, about 20 miles (30 km) south of the county seat of Dillon. The dam impounds the waters of the Beaverhead River, creating a body of water known as Clark Canyon Reservoir. The structure was constructed in 1961-1964 by the United States Bureau of Reclamation, to hold water for downstream irrigation and for flood-control purposes.

Clark Canyon Dam has a crest length of 2,950 feet (899 m), and a maximum height of 147 feet (45 m). The dam contains 1,970,000 cubic yards (1,510,000 m³) of material. The elevation of the dam crest is 5,578 feet (1,700 m). The reservoir has a total capacity of 325,324 acre feet (401,281,000 m3), and when full has a surface area of 5,903 acres (24 km²).

Construction of the dam and reservoir required the relocation of U.S. Route 91 (rebuilt as Interstate 15) and a main line of the Union Pacific Railroad. The reservoir inundated the former site of the small community ofArmstead, Montana, and the site of Camp Fortunate, where the Lewis and Clark Expedition camped from August 17 to 22, 1805 and held negotiations with the Shoshone.[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Canyon_Dam