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Europeans Explore the East Guided Notes
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Europeans Explore the East Guided Notes

Slide 1:

  1. Renaissance encouraged a new spirit of adventure and curiosity.
  2. This and several other reasons prompted Europeans to explore the world around them
  3. They were not completely isolated from the rest of the world before the 1400s
  4. Remember European crusaders battled Muslims for control of the Holy Lands in Southwest Asia
  5. Marco Polo reached China as well.

Slide 2:

  1. This changed in the 1400s when the desire to grow rich and spread Christianity spurred an age of _______________. desire for wealth was the big reason.
  2. Through overseas explorations merchants and traders were hoping to benefit from what had become a profitable business in Europe: Spice trade and other luxury goods from Asia
  3. People were introduced to these items during the ___________ (war between christians and Muslims) and continued to demand them after the crusades were over.

Slide 3:

  1. Spices like nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and pepper all added flavor to bland foods found in Europe
  2. Demand for the goods was greater than the supply
  3. Merchants could change high prices and make huge profits

Slide 4:

  1. Muslims and Italians controlled trade of goods from east to west
  2. Muslims sold Asian goods to Italian merchants, who controlled trade across the land routes of the Mediterranean region
  3. Italian resold the items at increased prices to merchants throughout europe
  4. Europeans merchants didn't like this because it cut into their profits, so they wanted to bypass the Italians and find their own water route to Asia.

Slide 5:

  1. Christians believed it was their duty to spread Christianity throughout the world
  2. Their conflict with the Muslims motivated them to do this.
  3. Bartolomeu Dias, a Portuguese explorer, said:
  4. “To serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do.”

Slide 6:

  1. “God, glory and gold” was the motivation, but they needed the tools to explore as well.
  2. Biggest problem with European ships was their inability to sail against the wind
  3. Ship builders developed a new vessel, the __________.
  4. It was sturdier than earlier vessels.
  5. Had triangular sails it took from arab ships allowed it to sail effectively against the wind

Slide 7:

  1. Also improved navigation techniques
  2. Sailors used the ___________ to determine their location (invented by the Arabs)
  3. Astrolabe was a brass circle with adjusted rings marked off in degrees
  4. Also used the chinese invention: the _________ __________

Slide 8:

  1. Portuguese were the leaders in applying these innovations to existing ships.
  2. Because of this they set up trading outposts along the west coast of Africa
  3. They would eventually push farther east into the indian ocean.
  4. They were able to do this thanks to strong government support.

Slide 9:

  1.  Prince Henry, son of Portugal’s king was a huge supporter of exploration
  2. He himself helped conquer the muslim city of Ceuta in North Africa
  3. That is when he first encountered the wealth that lies beyond Europe.
  4. Found rooms with pepper, cinnamon, cloves and other spices along with large supplies of gold silver and jewels.

Slide 10:

  1. Henry also founded a navigation school on the southwestern coast of Portugal
  2. This is where mapmakers and instrument makers, ship builders, scientists and sailors gathered
  3. By the time Henry died, the Portuguese had established trading ports along the west African shores.
  4. Traded with the Africans for gold, ivory,
  5. Eventually they started trading slaves too.
  6. Did all of this while finding a water route to Asia.

Slide 11:

  1. Believed to reach asia they needed to sail around the southern tip of Africa.
  2. Bartolomeu Dias made it to the southern tip of Africa before a storm blew he and his crew to the other side of Africa.
  3. He was low on supplies and his crew was tired, so they were forced to return home

Slide 12:

  1. Vasco da Gama started exploring the coast in 1497
  2. In 1498 he teached the port of Calicut on the southwestern coast of India
  3. They encountered spices, silk and precious gems in different shops
  4. Returned to Portugal with pepper and cinnamon.
  5. Their cargo was worth 60 times more than the coast of the voyage.
  6. Traveled 27,000 miles and learned a route to India. 

Slide 13:

  1. Spain was watching Portugal and getting jealous, they wanted their own water way to Asia too.
  2. 1492, Christopher Columbus convinced spain to finance his journey.
  3. He’d sail west across the atlantic ocean. He landed in the Caribbean and thought he reached the east indies.
  4. While not finding a water route, his voyage did find a land that Europe would colonize.

Slide 14:

  1. Portuguese thought Spain found a water route to Asia as well. This would escalate tensions between the two countries.
  2. Pope Alexander VI stepped in and suggested drawing an imaginary dividing line.
  3. Drawn north to south through the _____________, all of the lands to the west of the line, known as the line of demarcation would be Spains
  4. Lands included most of the Americas

Slide 15:

  1. All the lands of the east would belong to Portugal.
  2. Portugal complained the line gave too much to spain and wanted it moved further west to include parts of modern day Brazil.
  3. Signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, which put into agreement where the lines of demarcation would be.

Slide 16:

  1. Following Da Gama’s voyage, Portugal built a trade empire throughout the indian ocean
  2. They eventually took control of the spice trade from muslim merchants
  3. By 1509, portugal had extended its control over the area when it defeated a muslim fleet off the coast of india.
  4. Victory was won due to cannons that were added to the ships.

Slide 17:

  1. Built a fort at Hormuz in 1514, establishing control of the Straits of Hormuz, which connected the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea.
  2. Also stopped Muslim traders from reaching India.
  3. 1510 they captured Goa, port city on India’s west coast.
  4. Made it the capital of their trading empire
  5. And used it to sail farther east to Indonesia, also known as the East Indies.

Slide 18:

  1. 1511, they attacked the city of Malacca on the west coast of Malay peninsula
  2. Capturing this city allowed them control of the Moluccas.
  3. Islands were rich in spices, so much so its known as the spice islands.
  4. Portuguese were able to break the domination of the Muslim-Italian monopoly
  5. This caused the prices to be about 1/5th that they currently were.

Slide 19: 

  1. Their success prompted Spain to send a Spanish expedition in 1521 led by Ferdinand Magellan
  2. He arrived in the Philippines and began settling them in 1565.
  3. By the early 1600s, the rest of Europe had begun to descend upon Asia
  4. They all wanted to establish their own empires.

Slide 19:

  1. 1600s the English and Dutch began to challenges Portuguese dominance over Indian Ocean Trade
  2. The Dutch Republic, a.ka. the _______________, was a small country situated along the North Sea in Northwestern Europe
  3. Spain ruled that area until 1581, when the Dutch declared their independence from Spain and established the Dutch Republic

Slide 20:

  1. In a short time the dutch became a major sea power
  2. By the 1600s they had the largest fleet of ships in the world 20,000 vessels
  3. Pressure from them and the British eroded Portuguese control of the Asian region.
  4. Dutch and English then battled one another or dominance of the Area.

Slide 21:

  1. Each country had developed an East India Company to establish and direct trade throughout Asia
  2. These companies had power to mint money, make treaties and raise their own armies
  3. Dutch East India Company was richer and more powerful than England’s company
  4. As a result, the Dutch drove the English out and established their dominance over the region

Slide 22:

  1. 1619 the Dutch established their trading headquarters on Batavia on the island of ___________.
  2. Expanded west to conquer several nearby islands
  3. Also seized both port of Malacca and the spice islands
  4. Amsterdam (capital of the Netherlands) became a leading trading center
  5. By the 1700s the Dutch ruled much of Indonesia and had trading posts in several Asian countries.
  6. Also controlled the Cape of Good Hope on the southern tip of Africa

Slide 23:

  1. Britain and France finally made headway into the region in the 1700s
  2. It focused its attention on establishing outposts in India
  3. Developed a successful business in trading Indian cloth in Europe

Slide 24: 

  1. France had its own East India Company
  2. It struggled and faced constant attacks from the Dutch
  3. They finally got an outpost in India in the 1720s but never made much of a profit.