Red Hat Linux Essentials Unit 14 - Network Clients
學習目標
GUI Web Browser : Firefox
Non-GUI web browsers
elinks rpm 套件提供
links http://tw.yahoo.com
links -dump http://tw.yahoo.com (列出文字連結)
links -source http://tw.yahoo.com (列出原始碼)
Wget
支援 http and ftp，可應用於 shell script，用於 mirror web and FTP sites
wget http://www.redhat.com/training/index.html
help 文件：wget --help、info wget
圖形介面收發郵件: Evolution、Thunderbird、Kmail
文字介面收發郵件: mutt、mail
即時聊天：Gaim，支援多種IM
OpenSSH: Secure Remote Shell
比 telne 更安全的遠端登入
ssh [user@]hostname
ssh [user@]hostname command
$ ssh hork 'df -h'
scp: Secure File Transfer
比 rcp 更安全的遠端 copy
scp source destination
source 以及 destination 表示法：[user@]host:/path/to/file
-r，to enable recursion (啟用遞迴拷貝)
-p，to preserve times and permissions (保留原來的時間，權限)
-C，to compress datastream (傳送時資料壓縮)
rsync:Efficient File Sync
比 scp 更強大的遠端 copy
rsync *.conf barney:/home/joe/configs/
-e，ex: -e ssh
-a，啟用遞迴，並保留檔案權限
-r，啟用遞迴
-v，顯示傳送檔案過程資訊
-l，copy symlinks as symlinks
-R，使用相對路徑
$ rsync -R foo/bar/foo.c remote:/tmp/ (/tmp/foo/bar/foo.c)
$ /usr/bin/rsync -avlR --delete htdocs/ /f825/dir/ ( mirror 整個目錄，/f825/dir/htdocs)
參考：mirror、備份、資料轉移好用的指令 - rsync
FTP Clients
CLI: lftp
$ lftp ftp.example.com
$ lftp -u joe ftp.example.com
$ lftpget ftp://ftp.example.com.tw/pub/file.txt
GUI: gFTP
smbclient
存取 SMB/CIFS 檔案系統，俗稱網路芳鄰
smbclient -L server1 (列出server提供的資源)
smbclient //server1/homes (無密碼連線)
smbclient -U student //server1/homes (有密碼連結)
smb: \> (ls、cd、get、put)
Xorg clients
可以把遠端介面的 GUI 軟體開在本地端，兩端都要有 X-Wndow
ssh -X user@host xterm &
Network Diagnostic Tools
Lab 14 重點
# ping -c 100 ptt.cc
# lftp 192.168.1.1
lftp 192.168.1.1:~> user
使用方法: user 用戶名稱 [密碼]
lftp 192.168.1.1:~> user username password
lftp username@192.168.1.1:~>
(ls,get,put,by)
# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
4a:28:94:1f:93:f3:cd:de:d9:20:04:2f:86:0d:61:51 root@localhost.localdomain
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.1.1
root@192.168.1.1's password:
# ssh 192.168.1.1
Last login: Fri Jun 29 14:11:07 2007 from mail.vblog.tw
[root@localhost ~]# ← 登入成功
(private key 加密)
# ssh-keygen -f .ssh/id_rsa -p
Key has comment '.ssh/id_rsa'
Enter new passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.
# ssh 192.168.1.1
Enter passphrase for key '/root/.ssh/id_rsa': ← 需要輸入密碼
Last login: Fri Jun 29 14:12:01 2007 from mail.vblog.tw
[root@localhost ~]# ← 登入成功
[root@localhost ~]# exit
Connection to 192.168.1.1 closed.
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-agent bash
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-add
Enter passphrase for /root/.ssh/id_rsa:
Identity added: /root/.ssh/id_rsa (/root/.ssh/id_rsa)
[root@localhost ~]# ssh 192.168.1.1 w ← 不需要再輸竹密碼
14:24:02 up 52 days, 23:48, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root pts/0 140.123.23.21 10:43 14:00 0.19s 0.13s
by SmallKen