K-Math

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1	Kindergarten Math	Essential Questions	Content	Skills	Assessment	Resources

2	August	What are colors and how are they defined? What is a measurement of length? What is a pattern and how can we identify them?	Present colors and color words as primary and secondary. Visualize the making of secondary colors. Match strips of paper and to determine what is longer or shorter while using comparison vocabulary. Display pattern blocks while introducing the name of each as well as number of sides and corners. Create patterns with colors and shape while introducing naming of pattern concepts.	Identify colors and color words of primary and secondary colors. Introduce material that will be used throughout the year, such as pattern blocks, coins, and other manipulatives. Explore measurement by comparing lengths. Introduce patterning thorough multi sensory activities. Establish ongoing daily routines.	Identify colors well as if they are primary day secondary. Specify colors needed to make secondary colors. Identify and illustrate objects in increasing and decreasing order. Illustrate, label, and finish designated patterns (AB, ABC, AAB, etc...)	Demonstration of mixing colored to form secondary colors. Color readers and puzzles. Promethean on color wheel. Comparing strips of different lengths. Recording heights of students. Making specified patterns with pattern blocks. Everyday Math mat 1. Books - "The Button Box".
3	September	How do we use numbers in our everyday life? What is sorting? How can we define and determine measurement of volume? How can we construct and interpret a graph?	Count items by listening to objects dropped into a cup. Count sets by physical movement to a new location. Eat while counting backwards to zero. Practice counting backwards while removing physical objects. Continue to make patterns with pattern blocks and colors. Experiment with and compare volumes and different objects. Collect data for graphing use such as months that birthday is in, color of eyes, ...Make comparisons and answer questions based on data from the graphs. Introduce coins as students sort them by attribute - defining name and value.	Develop counting skills through multi sensory activities and games. Recognize and understand zero as a number. Build familiarity with the numbers 0-10. Sorting objects by attributes. Creating and naming patterns. Defining volume and determining which container holds more. Introduce graphing by creating age and birthday graphs.	Count the items in the given sets noting one-to-one correspondence. Count backwards by ones. Create sets of objects given specific numbers. Use Showing Fingers to assess children's abilities to recognize number 1-10 and to count up to 10. Sort the objects by the designated attribute. Create or complete the following patterns AB, AAB, ABB. Describe volume and determine which container has the most and least volume. Complete a graph from given data. Select which item is shown the most, least, and same number of times. Identify each coin by name and value.	A variety of different objects (bears, buttons, counters) to be used in counting. Pattern blocks and templates. Different containers for volume experiments. Everyday Math mat 1. Use of the e tool kit from Everyday Math website for graphing, putting together shapes, and counting. Use of Everyday Math mat 1 for patterns. Books - "Five Little Monkeys" and "Emily's 100 Days of School".
4	October	How do we identify and name shapes? What is addition? What is subtraction? What is a coin and how can we distinguish between them? What is an estimation and how can we make a "good" estimation? How do we represent numbers with symbols?	Make shape collages. Match coins with value and name. Count out loud to 20 also use number games to promote number recognition to 20. Use concrete materials to represent numbers to 20. Read number stories and identify key words that mean to add or subtract. Act out or draw pictures to go along with the stories. Guess how many items are in a collection by displaying a given number of items. Notice and describe patterns in surroundings. Use body parts to measure different objects in the classroom.	Shape identification by sight and feel. Coin recognition. Counting and number recognition to 20. Understand teen numbers as tens and ones. Introduce addition (joining) and subtraction (take away through number stories. Identify addition words and join sets to correct outcome. Lay groundwork for number writing through tactile and kinesthetic activities. Estimate objects in a set. Introduce concept of symmetry. Introduce measurement and measurement language. Continue patterning, graphing, and measurement comparision activities.	Watch for children that visually discriminate between shapes. Verbally identify shapes by recognition and feel. Use Spin a Number to assess children's abilities to recognize numbers 1-10 and to count up to 10 objects. Count outloud to 20 by counting sets (one-to-one correspondence) watching to see that they are progressing to properly sequencing teen numbers. Use the spinner to have children verbalize numbers to 20. Listen to number stories as they are told to assess the understanding of adding (joining) and subtracting (removing). Use symmetry in nature to assess children's ability to identify symmetrical objects.	Shape cards, Pattern block puzzles, Ten Frames in Math Maters. Use magazines and poster board for shape collages. The e tools kit has coins to view and match with value and names as well as number lines to aid in counting and number recognition. Everyday Math mats 1, 2, 5, and 6. Books - "Rosies Walk", "Bat Jamboree", "Mouse Count", and "Splash".
5	November	What are probablity terms and how can determine the probabiltiy of an event?	Use pocket problems to visually show concepts of addition and subtraction. Move towards writing and drawing story problems. Practice writing numbers and playing number games such as Monster Squeeze, Next Number, Domino Concentration, and Teen Frame Game. Make number books by writing numbers in different ways (words, pictures, numbers). Compare different objects being held straight out and how arms act like a pan balance. Continue into pan balance activities comparing weights and using heavier/lighter terminology. Measure items with objects of uniform length. Compare lengths and arrange in increasing or decreasing order. Roll dice, record numbers, and use for graphing. Choose examples to introduce terminology of probability - certain, impossible, maybe. Draw pictures that illustrate these concepts.	Use concrete activities to introduce concepts of addition and subtraction. Reinforce and extend counting, numeral recognition and writing, and number comparison skills. Introduce the pan balance and non-standard measurement tools for measuring length. Introduce the basic language of probability. Continue shape recognition, patterning, and graphing activities. Practice estimation and number stories.	Make macaroni necklaces to assess patterns and one-to-one correspondence. Use number books to assess ability to represent numerals and correct number writing. Use matching activities with numbers and dominoes to observe number recognition. While playing monster squeeze, watch for understanding of number comparisons. With the use of probability trays or bags, listen for appropriate use of probability terms such as likely, certain, possible, and impossible.	Math Master number writing pages. Make macaroni necklaces to review patterns and one-to-one correspondence. Use Number Cards in Math Masters to use for number recognition practice. Playing cards for number comparisons. Dice for number comparisons moving toward 2 dice for addition practice. Also use blocks and other objects for physical addition practice. Allow experimentation with the pan balance. Use colored craft sticks and colored counters on probability trays and bags. Books - "And to Think I Saw It on Mulberry Street", "Wacky Wednesday", and "How Big is a Foot?,
6	December	What is skip counting? How do we define and recognize symmetry?	Display the 100's chart and highlight numbers used when counting by 10's. Demonstrate and use Pattern Block Templates to more formalize shape construction and continue with discussions of sides and corners. Use the number line to hop forward (addition) and hop backward (subtraction). Play number line games. Demonstrate the calculator and have hands on calculator activities. Practice counting in a variety of ways such as counting from different numbers, giving next number, and giving previous number. Graph the sum of two rolled dice and discuss which outcome is more likely to happen and how does that compare with obtained results.	Introduce skip counting with counting by 10's. Formalize shape construction, along with terms bigger and smaller, sides, and corners. Introduce addition and subtraction symbols and terminology through number stories and concrete experiences. Introduce calculators. Introduce attribute blocks. Continue to explore 2-dimensional shapes and symmetry. Reinforce and extend counting, numeral recognition, and number-writing skills. Reinforce number sequencing and number comparison skills. Continue graphing, measuring, estimation, and probability activities.	Use Top-It to assess number comparisons. Create and extend patterns with pattern blocks and other objects to demonstrate adequate progress of 2 and 3 part patterns. Use interrupted counts to see how high children can count and progress in counting backwards. Observe calculator use to ensure that students are entering numbers left to right and play adding and subtracting games to assess progress.	100's chart on e tools kit. Use Mats 2, 4, 5, and 6. Pattern Block Templates for shapes. Craft sticks with + and - along with counters for addition and subtraction. Calculators. Books - "Caps for Sale", "One Hundred Is a Family", and "Grandfather Tang's Story".
7	January	What are mathematical symbols and how do we use them? What are standard tools of measurement? What is a number story? What is a picture model?	Students tell "joining" or "take-away" stories as math models are written. Draw sequenced pictures of daily events. Practice patterns with craft sticks and tooth picks. Play "Guess My Number" to practice number comparisons and writing numbers. Show attribute blocks discussing color, sides, corners, and shape by name then move toward guessing game. Use children's feet as well as foam feet (measuring a foot) for an introductions to measurements. Tell the snake story to introduce tally mark concept.	Develop an understanding of mathematical symbols and language in context of addition and subtraction number stories. Show a need for standard measurement tools and units through continued measuring activities. Reinforce the use of multiple attributes to identify, describe, and sort objects. Introduce skip counting by 5's and tally marks. Extend counting, estimation, and other numeration skills. Continue patterning activities.	Observe children as they read and represent 2 digit numbers. Use Order of Daily Events to assess ability to sequence events and describe time periods of the day. Read and write numbers to 30 using slates and number cards. Groups of Estimating Beans is estimation containers to gauge progress of making logical estimations.	Begin using My First Math Book (workbook). Everyday Math Mats 4, 5, and 6. Use number cards, base 10 blocks, and craft sticks to make and read 2 digit numbers. Toothpicks and craft sticks are displayed in patterns for practice. Attribute blocks and feely bag aid in shape recognition. Trace and cut children's feel for measurement as well as foam measuring feet. Books - "Jesse Bear, What Will You Wear?", "I Spy", "Little Quack", "How Big Is a Foot?", and "Counting by : Fives".
8	February	What is a 100's grid and how can we use it? How can we make equivalent exchanges with coins? What is the difference in a 2- and 3- dimensional shape and how do we name 3-dimensional shapes?	Use children's hands to introduce counting by 5s and move into an example of tally marks and counting nickels. Play the Raft Game with craft sticks and beans to further counting by 5s.Graph sums of 2 rolled dice. Continue to use estimation jars to further practice estimation. After children are comfortable with using their feet and foam feet for measuring, introduce other measuring tools noting location of "0" and let them experiment with the tools. Students will create Favorite Pet Data on the Promethean then construct graphs of their own with the data. Introduce the 100's grid highlighting specific patterns on the grid. Use coins and money cubes to play coin matching games to reinforce coin recognition. Give the students bowls of coins for sorting and touching to promote coin recognition and differentiation by sight and feel. Display foam or wood 3-dimensional objects discussing corners and sides (faces) while introducing name. Also show everyday items that have these same shapes.	Continue graphing activities. Introduce and develop an understanding of number sequence and patterns on the Class Number Grid. Promote an awareness of equivalent names for numbers. Introduce pennies, nickels, dimes, and coin exchanges. Teach the concept of making exchanges. Present 3-dimensional shapes with a review of 2-dimensional shapes, and symmetry. Explore various ways to measure and compare time. Extend graphing skills to include making individual survey graphs.	Use Graphing Pets to assess children's ability to answer questions based on a bar graph. Watch as children measure, checking for heel to toe or carryover measuring. Observe children as they play the Attribute Spinner game watching for those who are not able to work with multiple attributes simultaneously.	Children will use tally marks on Promethean flipchart to create data to pet graph. Use e tools kit to display 100's grid and highlight patterns. Use their traced feet, foam feet, and other measuring tools to measure designated objects in the classroom. Attribute spinners from math masters will be made for spinner games using attribute blocks. A collection of coins will be needed for coin activities. Foam or wood 3-dimensional objects are needed as these shapes are introduced. Everyday items that classify as these same shapes are presented along with these as well. Everyday Math mats 3,5, and 6. Books - "lnch by Inch", "Benny's Pennies", "Captain Invincible and the Space Shapes", and "The Tortoise and the Hare".
9	March	What is a fraction and how can we represent them? What are strategies for solving addition and subtraction problems?	Use coins in a feely bag for coin recognition practice. Also the money cubes and sorting of coins will help to reinforce coin knowledge. Continue into coin exchanges. Set out a variety of measuring tool that children have used including standard and nonstandard to allow for specific measuring activities as well as exploration. Introduce counting by 2s with children's feet. Progress to the numberline and 100's grid for reinforcement and pattern recognition. Divide an apple, cracker, or cookie in half to introduce the concept of half. Move into dividing groups of students into two equal groups - or half. Further this with dividing groups of counters in half. Continue playing Monster Squeeze and Guess My Number to further reinforce number comparisons and concepts.	Extend patterning skills to include representing patterns with symbols. Continue recognitions of coins and coin exchanges. Introduce skip counting by 2's and other continue estimation, and numeration activities. Demonstrate and introduce the concept of half. Develop strategies for solving simple addition and subtraction problems, including joining, take-away, and comparison situations. Continue measurement activities using standard and nonstandard tools and units.	Use Measuring in Different Ways to assess children's ability to use nonstandard and standards tools for measuring length. Play Read My Mind to assess children's ability to use attribute rules to find an object. Use Flipping a Coin to assess children's ability to describe events using basic probability terms listening for the terms certain, impossible, and possible used correctly. Watch children as they divide whole objects as well as sets in half looking to see that both sides are equal.	Everyday Math mat 1,2,4, 5, and 6. Have containers of all coins available for coin recognition games, sorting, and coin exchange activities. Various measuring tool as well as traced, cutout feet are needed for measurement experimentation. Counters as well as number lines and number grids are beneficial for the introduction of skip counting by 2's. Use solid fraction shapes as well as groups of counters when explaining and practicing the concept of half. Slates and dry erase boards will be used for number stories, addition and subtraction practice, as well as symbolic representations of patterns. Books - "How Many Feet in the Bed?", "Doorbell Rang", and "Give Me Half!"
10	April	What is place value and how can we represent place value? What is a number sentence?	The Money Cube Game is used to continue practice with coins and their values. Each student will need a number grid to play number search games and note patterns within the grid. Continue writing and drawing number stories now extending to a number sentence putting picture models and number models together. Students can make 3-dimensional shapes with straws and pipecleaners as well a marshmellows and toothpicks. The quarter is now introduced and the equivalent of such. Continue to play feely games with coin to allow progression and remediation with coin recognition. Use dice for addition and subtraction games. Use a variety of counting games to provide practice for skip counting, counting forward and backwards, and number comparisons.	Introduce the concept of 10s and 1s and place value using concrete materials. Continue explorations of equivalent names for numbers with name collections. Reinforce the names and values previously studied coins and introduce the quarter. Use number sentences to model and practice addition and subtraction skills. Extend data collection and graphing skills. Continue activities with 2- and 3- dimensional shapes. Reinforce and extend counting, estimation, and other numeration skills.	Use Money Cube to assess whether children know the names of coins, their value, and make exchanges. Continue to watch for children who have difficulty counting the collection by 1s and 10s noting the point at which counting become erratic. Use Creating Number Stories to assess children's ability to identify addition and subtraction situations and to the the +, -, and + symbols to represent number stories with number sentences. Assess the ability to model half of a collection by the use of Diving Groups in Half game. Use Dice Addition and Subtraction Games to assess children's ability to fluently add and subtract small numbers. Watch for children who cannot count higher than 70 or who can only count from 0 providing extra practice for those that have not mastered this skill. Use Bundling Sticks to assess children's ability to use manipulatives to model numbers and make exchanges. Watch for children who write 2-digit numbers incorrectly or in the incorrect sequence on the number grid. Use Ordering NUmbers to assess children's ability to compare and order numbers.	Everyday Math mat 5. Money cubes and coins are needed for coin recognition practice.Number grids on e tools kit, class grids, and individual grids are required for grid exploration. Supplies to draw and write number stories. Dice are needed for addition and subtraction practice. Use marshmellow, gumdrops, toothpick, straws, or pipecleaners for 3-dimension shapes. Practice 10s and 1s place value by stringing beads or bundling craft sticks. Books - "12 Ways to Get to 11", "I Went Walking", and "Math Fables".
11	May	What is time? What are function machines and how can we use them to further math exploration? What are bills in our currency?	The Ones, Tens, Hundreds Game extends practice for place value. Also unifix cubes can be used in the same manner to extend experimentation. Children can play money exchange games with $1, $5, $10, and $100 bills as well as coins. Time will be taught using a variety of techniques such as timers, wall clocks, paper clocks, clapping minutes, and matching analog clocks to digital clocks. Continue to use dice for adding and subtracting as well as number comparisons. Function machine are introduced using e tools then moving toward paper pencil. Make Name Collection Posters to reinforce and extend equivalent number concepts. Function machines progress into students being able to determine what the rule should be given an input and output. Children will begin making number scrolls - starting with 0 and adding a new sheet as they reach each hundred mark. Each student will work at their own pace as to aid with practice in sequencing and writing numbers. All measurement tools introduced are used to measure any specified object to practice appropriate technique and carryover measuring.	Introduce the concept of hours and minutes as well as the hour and minute hand on an analog clock. Continue to explore place-value concepts and equivalent names for numbers. Introduce Function Machines and function rules. Reinforce coin names, values and exchanges along with introducing $1 and $10 bills and their exchanges. Use number models for addition and subtraction stories. Introduce "missing number" problems. Continue activities with 2- and 3- dimensional shapes, graphing, and measurement. Extend and reinforce counting, estimation, and other numeration activities.	Use the Ones, Tens, and Hundreds Game to assess children's ability to exchange 1s for 10s and 10s fir 100. Watch what strategies children use to find the sum of two dice looking for starting with the number of dots on one dice then continuing with counting dots on the other. Use Name Collections to assess children's abilities to represent equivalent names for numbers. Use "What's My Rule?" with Numbers to assess children's ability to complete a number pair by applying a rule checking to see that they can apply simple addition and subtraction rules to complete a number pair. Use Dice Addition and Subtraction Games to assess the ability to fluently add and subtract small numbers. Play the I Spy game to observe 2- and 3- dimentsional shape recognition. Tell number stories and model them to assess the abiltiy to use numbers and appropriate symbols. Use Number Writing pages in the workbook to assess children's ability to represent numbers in a variety of equivalent ways.	Everyday Math mats 2, 4, and 6. A variety of clocks such as a large teacher clock, e tools clock, and individual student clocks will all be used for telling time activities. Each child will make their own clock to take home for practice. Craft stick bundles as well as unifix cubes are needed for place value experimentation. High Roller game requires that each student has 2 dice. Coins and paper money bills will be needed for money exchanges. The pan balance, rulers, tape measures, and yard sticks continue to provide reinforcement for measurement. Books - "The Grouchy Ladybug", "The Big Buck Adventure", "One Is a Snail, Ten Is a Crab", and "More, Fewer, Less".
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