J620: Public Relations Planning Theory
Spring 2009, Allen 307
Friday, April 3 (Week One): Cultural Barriers to Risk Communication
9 a.m. Class overview, introductions, preparation for next week
9:15 a.m. Go to EMU ballroom for the University of Oregon Conference on HIV/AIDS in Africa
9:30 a.m. to 10:50 a.m. “The Social and Cultural Dimensions of AIDS: Interpreting ‘Family,’ ‘Community’ and ‘Sexuality’ in Southern Africa” by Pauline Peters, Ph.D., Lecturer in Public Policy. John F Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
11 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. “Integrating sociocultural approaches into the fight against AIDS: open discussion.” Panelists Badege Bishaw (OSU; chair), Laurence Becker (OSU) and Peter Walker (UO) will follow-up on Dr. Peters’ speech with brief comments, followed by open discussion with Dr. Peters and conference participants. If you need to leave at 11:50 a.m., sit near the back of the room. Location: Gumwood Room.
Assignment due
By e-mail, phone, or in person, set up a time to meet with me today or next week to discuss project ideas
Saturday, April 4 (Optional)
You are welcome to replace any assigned reading next week with one of the sessions below. You can replace up to three readings of your choice next week based on the number of sessions you attend. Please be prepared to share what you learned with the class.
9:30 a.m. to 11 a.m. “Bridging Well-Intentioned Policy and Everyday Reality: Ensuring Programs that Work,” Michael Kaplan. Executive Director, Cascade AIDS Project, Location: EMU Ballroom.
11 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. “Challenges of socio-cultural approaches to AIDS: from analysis to action.” The sociocultural approach to AIDS has produced nuanced understandings of gender scripts, inter-generational social roles, and local dynamics of power alongside a powerful sense that we cannot talk seriously about an AIDS strategy divorced from a social justice agenda. How do we move from rich analysis and subtleties of data to action that is informed by socio-cultural understanding, that does not run afoul on the shoals of one-size-fits-all remedies? Location: Fir Room.
3 p.m. “Non-profits working in Africa: lessons learned and opportunities ahead.” This session features representatives of non-profit groups that support community development, education and/or healthcare in HIV/AIDS-affected regions of Africa. Each panelist will briefly share challenges, lessons learned, and future opportunities in their organization’s activities, followed by open discussion. Location: Fir Room.
Friday, April 10 (Week Two): Developing Culturally Appropriate Health Campaigns for International Audiences and U.S. Minority Audiences
Reading due
“Privileging
Identity, Difference, and Power: The Circuit of Culture as a Basis
for Public Relations Theory,” by Patricia Curtin and Kenn
Gaither, at least pages
97-105
“Contested Notions of Issue Identity in International Public Relations: A Case Study,” by Patricia Curtin
“Enhancing the Effectiveness of HIV/AIDS Prevention Programs Targeted to Unique Population Groups in Thailand: Lessons Learned From Applying Concepts of Diffusion of Innovation and Social Marketing,” by Peer Svenkerud and Arvind Singhal
“Race, Gender, and Welfare Reform: The Antinatalist Response,” by Susan Thomas, from the bottom of page 421-425
“The Indian Health Service and the Sterilization of Native American Women,” by Jane Lawrence, at least page 1
Readings about the Tuskegee study: http://www.tuskegee.edu/Global/Story.asp?s=1207598 http://www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/2002/jul/tuskegee/
“Effective Risk Communication: A Message-Centered Approach,” by Timothy Sellnow, Robert Ulmer, Matthew Seeger, and Robert Littlefield, pages 33-48
“Trust Influences Response to Public Health Messages During a Bioterrorist Event, by Lisa Meredith at al., at least pages 227-229
“Situational Theory of Publics,” summary by one of Jim Grunig’s former students (read before Curry’s and Vardeman’s studies)
“Black Women’s Meaning-Making of HIV/AIDS Campaigns: A Black Feminist Approach to the Impact of Race on the Reception of Targeted Health Communication,” by Tiphané P. Curry, read pages 1-2, the bottom of page 11-22, bottom of page 25-58
“The Use of Community-Based Interventions to Reduce the Barriers of Severely Constrained Publics,” by Tiffany Derville and Katherine McComas
“Women’s Meaning Making of Cervical Cancer Campaigns: Using a Cultural Approach to Redefine Women’s Involvement with Their Health,” by Jennifer Vardeman, at least read pages 1-4, 34, 76-80
Read one of the articles below:
“Development of Targeted Message Concepts for Recent Asian Immigrants About Secondhand Smoke,” by Doug Brugge et al.
“Using Culture-Centered Qualitative Formative Research to Design Broadcast Messages for HIV Prevention for African American Adolescents,” by Jennifer Horner et al.
“Cost-Effectiveness of Environmental-Structural Communication Interventions for HIV Prevention in the Female Sex Industry in the Dominican Republic,” by Michael Sweat et al.
Assignment due
Research paper option: research questions or hypotheses and a list of topics you’ll explore in your literature review
Alternative project option: project description with deliverables and due dates
E-mail at least three questions you would like to discuss in class by Thursday based on the reading
Metaphor
Humor
Narrative paradigm
Explicit versus implicit messages
Extended parallel processing model
Health belief model
Social learning theory
Elaboration likelihood model
Stages of change model
Gain vs. loss message framing
Sensation seeking
Optimistic bias
Emotional appeals
Diffusion of innovations
Reading due
“We’ve Done Drugs Keith Richards Never Heard Of: A Qualitative Study of Young Adult Cancer Narratives Online,” by Katie Pontius (Stansberry), at least pages 5-6, 13-16, 19-23, 37-38, 52-57, 62-67, 75-76, 83-87, 96-97
Excerpt about humor from “Debunking Stereotypes and Promoting Helpful Portrayals in Popular Culture,” by Tiffany Derville
“Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm: The Case of Public Moral Argument,” by Walter Fisher
“The Effects of Message Framing on Response to Environmental Communications,” by Joel Davis
Excerpt from “Effective Health Risk Messages: A Step-By-Step Guide,” by Kim Witte, Gary Meter, and Dennis Martell
“Can Fear Arousal in Public Health Campaigns Contribute to the Decline of HIV Prevalence?” by Edward Green and Kim Witte
“Message Design Theory in Anti-Methamphetamine PSAs: A Case Study of the Montana Meth Project,” by Stacey Malstrom, at least pages 9-42
Excerpt from “Diffusion of Innovations,” by Everett Rogers
“A 10-Year Retrospective of Research in Health Mass Media Campaigns: Where Do We Go From Here?” by Seth Noar
Assignment due
Research paper option: two copies of a completed and signed IRB application
Book review option: printed copy of an e-mail from a book review editor or journal editor expressing interest in having you review a particular book (the book needs to involve risk communication)
E-mail at least three questions you would like to discuss in class by Thursday
Bring an example of risk communication to class and lead the class in analyzing it based on the readings for today; if you’d like to use a video clip or other electronic communication, e-mail it to me by Thursday
Friday, April 24 (Week Four): Risk Communication Fundamentals and Public Involvement
Reading due
“Strategic Risk Communication: Adding Value to Society,” by Michael Palenchar and Robert Heath
“Another Part of the Risk Communication Model: Analysis of Communication Processes and Message Content,” by Michael Palenchar and Robert Heath
“Effective Risk Communication: A Message-Centered Approach,” by Timothy Sellnow, Robert Ulmer, Matthew Seeger, and Robert Littlefield, pages 3-30
“Public Meetings About Suspected Cancer Clusters: The Impact of Voice, Interactional Justice, and Risk Perception on Attendees’ Attitudes in Six Communities,” by Katherine McComas et al.
“Community Relationship Building: Local Leadership in the Risk Communication Infrastructure,” by Robert Heath et al.
“Risk Communication and Community Right to Know: A Public Relations Obligation to Inform,” by Michael Palenchar
“Involving the Public in Risk Communication,” by Katherine McComas
“Psychological Factors Influencing People’s Reactions to Risk Information,” by Katherine McComas
“Perception of Risk,” by Paul Slovic
“Defining Moments in Risk Communication Research: 1996-2005,” by Katherine McComas
“Trust Us, We’re Experts: How Industry Manipulates Science and Gambles With Your Future,” by Sheldon Rampton and John Stauber, pages 289-315
Assignment due
Research paper option: introduction (one to two pages)
E-mail at least three questions you would like to discuss in class by Thursday
Friday, May 1 (Week Five): Issues Management, Crisis Management and Media Relations
(Research
paper option: start working on literature review this week)
(Book
review option: read first quarter of book this week)
Reading due
Excerpt from “Crisis Communications: A Casebook Approach,” by Kathleen Fearn-Banks
“Six Areas for Crisis Communication,” by Peter Sandman
“Four Kinds of Risk Communication,” by Peter Sandman
“Risk Communication in Action: The Tools of Message Mapping,” by Ivy Lin and Dan Petersen on behalf of the Environmental Protection Agency
“Communication During Crisis: Use of Blogs as a Relationship Management Tool,” by Kaye Sweetser and Emily Metzgar
“An Empirical Analysis of Image Restoration: Texaco’s Racism Crisis,” by Timothy Coombs and Lainen Schmidt
“Comparing Apology to Equivalent Crisis Response Strategies: Clarifying Apology’s Role and Value in Crisis Communication,” by Timothy Coombs and Sherry Holladay
“Crisis Communication: Guidelines for Action,” by Peter Sandman and Jody Lanard (download five pdf documents from Blackboard)
“Communicating in a Crisis: Risk Communication Guidelines for Public Officials,” by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
“Avian Flu, a Pandemic & the Role of Journalists,” excerpts from a conference
“McDonald’s Corporation and the Issue of Health and Nutrition: An Arthur Page Society Case Study in Issues Management,” by Terri Ann Bailey
Research paper option: literature review (three to five pages), research questions, and references in a recognized style (also submit revised introduction with edited draft)
Book review option: evaluation of the first quarter of the book
Alternative project: Submit progress report or other agreed upon component
E-mail at least three questions you would like to discuss in class by Thursday
Friday, May 8 (Week Six): Environmental Communication from Activist and Industry Perspectives
Special guests: Harsha
Gangadharbatla, Ph.D. (at 9 a.m.) and
Jon Palfreman, Ph.D. (at 10 a.m.)
“Trust Us, We’re Experts: How Industry Manipulates Science and Gambles With Your Future,” by Sheldon Rampton and John Stauber, pages 267-288
“Myth and Multiple Readings in Environmental Rhetoric: The Case of ‘An Inconvenient Truth,’” by Thomas Rosteck and Thomas Frentz
“Improving Communication of Uncertainty in the Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,” by David Budescu, Stephen Broomell, and Han-Hui Por
“Experience-Based and Description-Based Perceptions of Long-Term Risk: Why Global Warming Does Not Scare Us (Yet),” by Elke Weber
“Radical Activist Tactics: Overturning Public Relations Conceptualizations,” by Tiffany Derville
“Weathercocks & Signposts: The Environment at a Crossroads,” by Tom Crompton for the WWF
Greenwashing Index: Promoted by EnviroMedia Social Marketing and the University of Oregon: http://www.greenwashingindex.com/
Case study of greenwashing accusations of organic dairy farming (additional details will be discussed in class):
The
Organic Consumer’s Association’s encouragement to
boycott certain organic milk labels/manufacturers:
http://www.democracyinaction.org/dia/organizationsORG/oca/campaign.jsp?campaign_KEY=4756
The
Cornucopia Institute’s encouragement of reforming the USDA
organic program standards in light of organic factory
farming:
http://www.cornucopia.org/horizon-factory-farm-photo-gallery/aurora-factory-farm-photo-gallery/
Excerpt from “Green Culture: Environmental Rhetoric in Contemporary America,” edited by Carl Herndl and Stuart Brown
Assignment due
E-mail at least three questions you would like to discuss in class by Thursday
Friday, May 15 (Week Seven): Affect and Numeracy in Risk Communication
(Research
paper option: start working on method section this week)
(Book
review option: read second quarter of book this week)
Special guests: Ellen Peters, Ph.D., and Paul Slovic, Ph.D.
Reading due
“Culture and Identity-Protective Cognition: Explaining the White Male Effect in Risk Perception,” by Dan Kahan, Donald Braman, John Gastil, Paul Slovic, and C.K. Mertz
“The Affect Heuristic,” by Paul Slovic, Melissa Finucane, Ellen Peters, and Donald MacGregor
“When Compassion Fails; Stalin Knew That People Respond Less Strongly to Mass Murder Than to Individual Tragedy. That’s Why Emotion Alone Won’t Prevent Genocide,” by Paul Slovic
“‘If I Look at the Mass I Will Never Act’: Psychic Numbing and Genocide,” by Paul Slovic
“Affect, Risk Perception and Future Optimism After the Tsunami Disaster,” by Daniel Vastfjall, Ellen Peters, and Paul Slovic
“Risk as Analysis and Risk as Feelings: Some Thoughts About Affect, Reason, Risk, and Rationality,” by Paul Slovic, Melissa Finucane, Ellen Peters, and Donald MacGregor
“The Affect Heuristic in Judgments of Risks and Benefits,” by Melissa Finucane, Ali Alhakami, Paul Slovic, and Stephen Johnson
“Numeracy and Decision Making,” by Ellen Peters, Daniel Vastfjall, Paul Slovic, C.K. Mertz, Ketti Mazzocco, and Stephan Dickert
“Numeracy Skill and the Communication, Comprehension, and Use of Risk-Benefit Information,” by Ellen Peters, Judith Hibbard, Paul Slovic, and Nathan Dieckmann
Assignment due
E-mail at least three questions you would like to discuss in class by Thursday
Friday, May 22 (Week Eight): Risk Communication and Ethics
Special guest: Tom Bivins, Ph.D.
Reading due
“Effective Risk Communication: A Message-Centered Approach,” by Timothy Sellnow, Robert Ulmer, Matthew Seeger, and Robert Littlefield, pages 147-177
“Trust Us, We’re Experts: How Industry Manipulates Science and Gambles With Your Future,” by Sheldon Rampton and John Stauber, pages 7-52, 75-98
Excerpt from “Gaining Influence in Public Relations: The Role of Resistance in Practice,” by Bruce Berger and Bryan Reber
“Code of Ethics,” by the Public Relations Society of America
Other readings to be selected by Dr. Bivins
Assignment due
Research paper option: method (three pages) and references in a recognized style (also submit revised introduction, literature review, and research questions with edited drafts)
Book review option: evaluation of the second quarter of the book
E-mail at least three questions you would like to discuss in class by Thursday
Friday, May 29 (Week Nine): Risk Case Studies
(Book review option: read third quarter of book this week)
(I expect to have IRB applications approved by today.)
Reading due
“Risk Communication, the West Nile Virus Epidemic, and Bioterrorism: Responding to the Communication Challenges Posed by the Intentional or Unintentional Release of a Pathogen in an Urban Setting,” by Vincent Covello et al.
“Effective Risk Communication: A Message-Centered Approach,” by Timothy Sellnow, Robert Ulmer, Matthew Seeger, and Robert Littlefield, pages 53-63, 77-103
“Trust Us, We’re Experts: How Industry Manipulates Science and Gambles With Your Future,” by Sheldon Rampton and John Stauber, pages 53-70, 195-266
Assignment due
Research paper option for interviews and focus groups: show evidence of having conducted two interviews or one focus group
E-mail at least three questions you would like to discuss in class by Thursday
Friday,
June 5 (Week Ten): Risk Case Studies
Be
prepared to discuss your paper, project, or book review.
Reading due
“Effective Risk Communication: A Message-Centered Approach,” by Timothy Sellnow, Robert Ulmer, Matthew Seeger, and Robert Littlefield, pages 65-74, 105-145
“Trust Us, We’re Experts: How Industry Manipulates Science and Gambles With Your Future,” by Sheldon Rampton and John Stauber, pages 99-189
Assignment due
Research paper option for interviews and focus groups: show evidence of having conducted your third and fourth interviews or your second focus group
Book review option: evaluation of the third quarter of the book
E-mail at least three questions you would like to discuss in class by Thursday
Friday, June 12 (Final Papers Due)
Final paper, book review, or alternative project due by 5 p.m. to the box on my office door (Allen 215C). Feel free to submit your paper early.