Checklist of the Hawaiian (marine, freshwater and terrestrial) red algae

Edition 2009.xi (last updated 15 November 2009)

Phylum RHODOPHYTA Wettstein (1)

Subphylum Rhodophytina Wettstein

Class Compsopogonophyceae G. W. Saunders et Hommersand

COMPSOPOGONALES Skuja

Compsopogonaceae Schmitz

Compsopogon Montagne in Bory de St. Vincent et Durieaux

    coeruleus (Balbis) Montagne

[Compsopogonopsis leptoclados (Montagne) Krishnamurthy: Vis et al. (1994)]

ERYTHROPELTIDALES Garbary et al.

Erythrotrichiaceae G. M. Smith

Erythrotrichia Areschoug nom. cons.

    carnea (Dillwyn) J. Agardh

Sahlingia Kornmann

    subintegra (Rosenvinge) Kornmann (2)

 

Class Stylonematophyceae H. S. Yoon et al.

STYLONEMATALES Drew

Stylonemataceae Drew

Chroodactylon Hansgirg

    ornatum (C. Agardh) Basson

Rhodosorus Geitler

    marinus Geitler (3)

Stylonema Reinsch

    alsidii (Zanardini) Drew

    cornu-cervi Reinsch

Class Bangiophyceae Wettstein

BANGIALES Nägeli

Bangiaceae Engler nom. cons.

Bangia Lyngbye

    fuscopurpurea (Dillwyn) Lyngbye (4)

[B. atropurpurea (Roth) C. Agardh: Abbott (1999)]

Porphyra C. Agardh nom. cons.

    vietnamensis Tanaka et Pham (36)

[P. leucosticta auct. non Thuret: Reed (1907), Rock (1913), MacCaughey (1918a, 1918b)]

[Porphyra sp.: Abbott et Williamson (1974), Abbott (1984)]

Class Florideophyceae Cronquist

BATRACHOSPERMALES Pueschel et K. M. Cole

Batrachospermaceae E. M. Fries

Batrachospermum Roth

    spermatiophorum Vis et Sheath

    arcuatum Kylin [as “Chantransia” phases: Audouinella pygmaea (Kützing) Weber-van Bosse]

THOREALES K. M. Müller et al.

Thoreaceae (Reichenbach) Hassall

Nemalionopsis Skuja

    tortuosa Yoneda et Yagi (as “Chantransia” phases)

PIHIELLALES Huisman et al. (5)

Pihiellaceae Huisman et al.

Pihiella Huisman et al.

    liagoraciphila Huisman et al.

ACROCHAETIALES J. Feldmann emend. J. T. Harper et G. W. Saunders

Acrochaetiaceae Fritsch emend. J. T. Harper et G. W. Saunders nom. cons.

Acrochaetium Nägeli

    actinocladium Abbott

    barbadense (Vickers) Børgesen

    corymbiferum (Thuret) Batters

    *dotyi Abbott

    hypneae (Børgesen) Børgesen (6)

[A. seriatum: Abbott (1947, 1999)]

    imitator Abbott

    liagorae Børgesen

    microscopicum (Nägeli ex Kützing) Nägeli

[A. catenatum: Abbott (1962)]

    robustum Børgesen

    trichogloeae Børgesen

    yamadae (Garbary) Y. Lee et I. K. Lee

[Liagorophila endophytica: Abbott (1999)] (8)

Audouinella Bory de Saint-Vincent

    eugenea (Skuja) C. C. Jao (67)

COLACONEMATALES J. T. Harper et G. W. Saunders (9)

Colaconemataceae Harper et Saunders

Colaconema Batters

    nemalii (De Notaris ex L. dufour) Stegenga

[Acrochaetium nemalii ('nemalionalis'): Abbott (1962, 1999)] (7)

NEMALIALES Schmitz (66)

Galaxauraceae Parkinson

Actinotrichia Decaisne

    fragilis (Forsskål) Børgesen

[A. rigida: Chamberlain (1880), Lemmermann (1905)]]

Dichotomaria Lamarck (10)

    marginata (Ellis et Solander) Lamarck

[Galaxaura marginata: Papenfuss et al. (1982), Abbott (1999)]

[Galaxaura acuminata: Butters (1911)]

[Galaxaura infirma: Kjellman (1900)]

[Galaxaura hystrix auct. non Kjellman: Butters (1911)]

[Galaxaura veprecula auct. non Kjellman: Svedelius (1953)]

    obtusata (Ellis et Solander) Lamarck

[Galaxaura obtusata: Abbott (1999)]

Galaxaura Lamouroux

    divaricata (Linnaeus) Huisman et Townsend

[G. fasciculata: Abbott (1999)]

[G. filamentosa auct. non Chou: Magruder et Hunt (1979)]

    rugosa (Ellis et Solander) Lamouroux (11)

[G. subverticillata: Papenfuss et al. (1982), Abbott (1999)]

[G. annulata: Bailey et Harvey (1862)]

[G. cuculligera: Tilden (1901)]

[G. glabriuscula: Butters (1911), Svedelius (1953)]

[G. pacifica: Abbott (1989)] (12)

Tricleocarpa Huisman et Borowitzka

    cylindrica (Ellis et Solander) Huisman et Borowitzka

    fragilis (Linnaeus) Huisman et Borowitzka

[Galaxaura fragilis]

[Galaxaura adriatica]

[Galaxaura oblongata: Abbott (1989)]

[Galaxaura schimperi: Butters (1911), Papenfuss et al. (1982)]

[Galaxaura fastigiata auct. non Decaisne: Magruder et Hunt (1979), Abbott (1981), Magruder (1984)]

[Galaxaura cylindrica auct. non (Ellis et Solander) Lamouroux: Buggeln (1965)]

Liagoraceae Kützing

Akalaphycus Huisman et al. (13)

    liagoroides (Yamada) Huisman et al.

[Stenopeltis liagoroides: Abbott (1999)]

    setchelliae (Yamada) Huisman et al.

[Stenopeltis Setchelliae: Abbott (1999)]

Dermonema Harvey ex Heydrich

    pulvinatum (Grunow ex Holmes) Fan

Dotyophycus Abbott

    *pacificum Abbott

    yamadae (Ohmi et Itono) Abbott et Yoshizaki

Ganonema Fan et Wang (14)

    farinosum (Lamouroux) Fan et Wang

[Liagora farinosa: Abbott (1945, 1984, 1990a)]

[Liagora cheyneana: Butters (1911), Huisman et al. (2004a: 299)]

    papenfussii (Abbott) Huisman et al.

[Liagora papenfussii: Abbott (1945, 1999)]

[Liagora paniculata auct. non J. Agardh: Butters (1911), Huisman et al. (2004a: 174)]

    pinnatum (Harvey) Huisman

[Liagora pinnata: Abbott (1945, 1990b, 1999)]

    samaense (Tseng) Huisman

[Liagora samoensis: Abbott (1999)]

[Liagora amplectens: Abbott (1990b: 321)]

    yoshizakii Huisman et al.

Gloiotrichus Huisman et Kraft (70)

    fractalis Huisman et Kraft

Helminthocladia J. Agardh nom. cons.

    *rhizoidea Doty et Abbott

    *simplex Doty et Abbott

Izziella Doty emend. Huisman et Schils (15)

    orientalis (J. Agardh) Huisman et Schils

[Liagora orientalis: Abbott (1990b)]

Liagora Lamouroux

    albicans Lamouroux

[L. decussata]

[L. kahukuana: Abbott (1945)]

[L. maxima: Abbott (1945)]

    boergesenii Yamada

    ceranoides Lamouroux (16)

    divaricata Tseng

    donaldiana Abbott et Huisman (17)

    hawaiiana Butters

    julieae Abbott et Huisman (17)

    *perennis Abbott

    gracilis (Yamada et Tanaka) Itono et Yoshizaki

Titanophycus Huisman et al. (19)

    validus (Harvey) Huisman et al.

[Liagora valida: Abbott (1945, 1999)]

[Liagora Setchellii: Abbott (1945, 1999)]

[Liagora fragilis auct. non Zanardini: Abbott (1990b)]

[Liagora subarticulata auct. non Grunow: Tilden’s exsiccata (American Algae), see Abbott (1999)]

Trichogloea Kützing

    lubrica Harvey ex J. Agardh

[T. subnuda: Howe (1934), Papenfuss (1946)]

[Nemalion ramulosum auct. non Harvey: Tilden’s exsiccata (American Algae), see Abbott (1990)]

    requienii (Montagne) Kützing

Trichogloeopsis Abbott et Doty

    *hawaiiana Abbott et Doty

    mucosissima (Yamada) Abbott et Doty

Yamadaella Abbott

    caenomyce (Decaisne) Abbott

[Liagora intricata: Butters (1911)]

Scinaiaceae Huisman et al. (20)

Scinaia Bivona-Bernaldi

    *furcata Zablackis

    hormoides Setchell

    *huismanii Vroom et Abbott (21)

CORALLINALES Silva et Johansen (22)

Corallinaceae Lamouroux emend. A. Harvey et al.

Amphiroa Lamouroux

    beauvoisii Lamouroux

    foliaceae Lamouroux

    rigida Lamouroux

    valonioides Yendo

[A. fragilissima auct. non Lamouroux: Reinbold (1899), Lemmermann (1905), MacCaughey (1918b), Tsuda (1965, 1966), Magruder et Hunt (1979), Abbott (1989)]

Corallina Linnaeus

    elongata Ellis et Solander

Haliptilon (Decaisne) Lindley (71)

    subulatum (Ellis et Solander) Johansen

Hydrolithon (Foslie) Foslie

    breviclavium (Foslie) Foslie

[Goniolithon breviclavium]

    gardineri (Foslie) Verheij et Prud’homme van Reine

[Porolithon gardineri]

    laeve Adey et al.

    megacystum Adey et al.

    onkodes (Heydrich) D. Penrose et Woelkerling

[Porolithon onkodes]

    reinboldii (Weber-van Bosse et Foslie) Foslie

Jania Lamouroux

    adhaerens Lamouroux

[J. capillacea auct. non Harvey: Tsuda (1966)]

    micrarthrodia Lamouroux

    pumila Lamouroux

    verrucosa Lamouroux

Lithophyllum Philippi

    ganeopsis Adey et al.

    insipidum Adey et al.

    kotschyanum Unge

    pallescens (Foslie) Foslie

    prototypum (Foslie) Woelkerling et al.

[Tenarea tessellata: Magruder et Hunt (1979), Adey et al. (1982)]

    punctatum Foslie

Lithoporella (Foslie) Foslie

    melobesioides (Foslie) Foslie

Lithothamnium Philippi

    australe Foslie

    pulchrum Weber-van Bosse et Foslie

Neogoniolithon Setchell et Mason

    brassicaflorida (Harvey) Setchell et Mason

[N. fosliei: Magruder et Hunt (1979)]

    clavacymosum Adey et al.

    rugulosum Adey et al.

    rufum Adey et al.

Pneophyllum Kützing

    conicum (Dawson) Keats et al.

[Paragoniolithon conicum: ]

Hapalidiaceae J. E. Gray emend. A. Harvey et al.

Mesophyllum Lemoine

    erubescens (Foslie) Lemoine

[M. madagascarense (”madagascarensis”): ]

    fluatum Adey et al.

    funafutiense (Foslie) Verheij

[M. purpurascens: ]

    mesomorphum (Foslie) Adey

    prolifer (Foslie) Adey

    syrphetodes Adey et al.

Sporolithaceae Verheij

Sporolithon Heydrich

    erythraeum (Rothpletz) Kylin

Incertae sedis

Archaeolithothamnion Rothpletz

    episoredion Adey et al.

    erythraeum (Rothpletz) Foslie

HILDENBRANDIALES Pueschel et Cole

Hildenbrandiaceae Rosenvinge

Hildenbrandia Nardo

    angolensis Welwitch ex W. West et G. S. West

    rubra (Sommerfelt) Meneghini

GELIDIALES Kylin (35)

Gelidiaceae Kützing

Gelidium Lamouroux nom. cons.

    crinale (Turner) Gaillon

    *pluma Loomis

    pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis

    *reediae Loomis

Parviphycus Santelices (23)

    antipai (Celán) Santelices

[Gelidiella antipai: Abbott (1999)]

[Gelidiella adnata: Santelices (1977)]

    *womersleyanus (Kraft et Abbott) Santelices

[Gelidiella womersleyana: Kraft et Abbott (1998)]

Gelidiellaceae Fan

Gelidiella Feldmann et Hamel

    acerosa (Forsskål) Feldmann et Hamel

    machrisiana Dawson

    myrioclada (Børgesen) Feldmann et Hamel (72)

Pterocladiellaceae Felicini et Perrone

Pterocladiella Santelices et Hommersand

    *bulbosa (Loomis) Santelices

[Pterocladia bulbosa: Loomis (1960), Santelices (1977), Abbott (1999)]

    caerulescens (Kützing) Santelices et Hommersand

[Pterocladia caerulescens: Santelices (1976, 1977, 1978)]

[Gelidium irregulare: Loomis (1960)]

[Pterocladia rigida: Loomis (1960)]

[Gelidium latifolium auct. non Bornet ex Hauck: MacCaughey (1918b)]

    caloglossoides (Howe) Santelices

[Pterocladia parva: Tsuda (1965)]

    capillacea (Gmelin) Santelices et Hommersand

[Pterocladia capillacea: Reed (1907)]

BONNEMAISONIALES Schmitz

Bonnemaisoniaceae Schmitz in Engler

Asparagopsis Montagne

    taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan

Naccariaceae Kylin (24)

Naccaria Endlicher

    *hawaiiana Abbott

Reticulocaulis Abbott

    mucosissimus Abbott

ACROSYMPHYTALES Withall et G. W. Saunders (26)

Acrosymphytaceae Lindstrom

Acrosymphyton Sjöestedt

    *brainardii Vroom et Abbott (25)

    taylorii Abbott

GIGARTINALES Schmitz (24)

Caulacanthaceae Kützing

Caulacanthus Kützing

    ustulatus (Turner ex Mertens) Kützing

Dumontiaceae Bory

Dudresnaya Crouan frat. nom. cons.

    *babbittiana Abbott et McDermid (26)

    hawaiiensis R. K. S. Lee

    *littleri Abbott

            [D. lubrica nom. inval.: Littler (1974)]

Gibsmithia Doty

    dotyi Kraft et Ricker

    hawaiiensis Doty

Gloiosiphoniaceae Bory

*Peleophycus Abbott

    *multiprocarpium Abbott

Hypneaceae Lamouroux

Hypnea Lamouroux

    cervicornis J. Agardh (27)

    chordacea Kützing

    musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux

    pannosa J. Agardh

[H. nidulans auct. non Setchell: Abbott (1947)]

    spinella (C. Agardh) Kützing

[H. esperi auct. non Bory de Saint-Vincent: Tsuda (1965)]

    valentiae (Turner) Montagne

Hypneocolax Børgesen

    stellaris Børgesen f. orientalis (Weber-van Bosse) Womersley

Rhizophyllidaceae Schmitz

Portieria Zanardini

    hornemannii (Lyngbye) Silva

[Chondrococcus hornemannii: Tsuda (1965), Abbott (1981)]

[Desmia ambigua: Chamberlain (1880, 1881)]

[Desmia hornemannii: Magruder et Hunt (1979)]

Cubiculosporaceae Kraft

Cubiculosporum Kraft

    koronicarpus Kraft

Gigartinaceae Bory

Chondracanthus Kützing

    acicularis (Roth) Fredericq

    tenellus (Harvey) Hommersand

Chondrus Stackhouse

    ocellatus Holmes

Mazzaella De Toni f.

    volans (C. Agardh) J. Agardh

Kallymeniaceae W. R. Taylor

Kallymenia J. Agardh

    *thompsonii Abbott et McDermid (28)

    sessilis Okamura

[Pugetia sp.: Abbott (1989)]

Phyllophoraceae Rabenhorst

Ahnfeltiopsis Silva et DeCew

    concinna (J. Agardh) Silva et DeCew

[Sphaerococcus concinnus var. immersus: C. Agardh (1822)]

[Ahnfeltia concinna: J. Agardh (1847), Magruder (1977)]

    divaricata (Holmes) Masuda

    flabelliformis (Harvey) Masuda

    pygmaea (J. Agardh) Silva et DeCew

Solieriaceae J. Agardh

Eucheuma J. Agardh

    denticulatum (Burman) Collins et Harvey

Kappaphycus Doty (69)

    alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva

    sp.

        [striatum sensu Abbott 1999]

Wurdemannia Harvey (29)

    miniata (Sprengel) J. Feldmann et Hamel

GRACILARIALES Fredericq et Hommersand (24, 56)

Gracilariaceae Nägeli nom. cons.

Gracilaria Greville

    abbottiana Hoyle

    *coronopifolia J. Agardh

[G. corniculata auct. non (C. Agardh) J. Agardh: Harvey in De Toni et Levi (1888)]

    *dawsonii Hoyle

    *dotyi Hoyle

    *epihippisora Hoyle

    parvispora Abbott (64)

[G. bursa-pastoris: Abbott et Williamson (1974), Hoyle (1978a, b), Fortner (1978), Magruder et Hunt (1979)]

    salicornia (C. Agardh) Dawson

    tikvahiae McLachlan

Gracilariopsis Dawson

    lemaneiformis (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Dawson et al. (30)

[Gracilaria lemaneiformis: Abbott (1985, 1999)]

Pterocladiophilaceae Fan et Papenfuss (31)

Gelidiocolax Gardner

    mammillata Fan et Papenfuss (42, 45)

HALYMENIALES G. W. Saunders et Kraft (24)

Halymeniaceae Bory

Carpopeltis Schmitz

    bushiae (Farlow) Kylin

Cryptonemia J. Agardh

    umbraticola Dawson

    yendoi Weber-van Bosse

Dermocorynus Crouan frat. (32)

    occidentalis Hollenberg

Grateloupia C. Agardh, nom. cons.

    filicina (Lamouroux) C. Agardh (33)

   *hawaiiana Dawson

    phuquocensis Tanaka et Pham

Halymenia C. Agardh nom. cons.

    actinophysa Howe (34)

    *chiangiana Abbott et Kraft

    *cromwellii Abbott

    formosa Harvey ex Kützing

    stipitata Abbott

[H. maculata auct. non J. Agardh: Abbott (1996)]

Polyopes J. Agardh

    *hakalauensis (Tilden) Abbott

Prionitis J. Agardh nom. cons.

     *corymbifera Abbott

NEMASTOMATALES Kylin emend. G. W. Saunders et Kraft (24)

Nemastomataceae Schmitz nom. cons.

Predaea De Toni

    laciniosa Kraft

    weldii Kraft et Abbott

Schizymeniaceae (Schmitz et Hauptfleisch) Masuda et Guiry

Platoma Schousboe ex Schmitz

    ardreanum Kraft et Abbott

Titanophora (J. Agardh) J. Feldmann

    pikeana (Dickie) J. Feldmann

PEYSSONNELIALES Krayesky, Fredericq et J. N. Norris 2009 (73)

Peyssonneliaceae Denizot

Peyssonnelia Decaisne

    conchicola Piccone et Grunow

    inamoena Pilger

[P. rubra auct. non (Greville) J. Agardh: Agegian et Abbott (1985)]

    rubra (Greville) J. Agardh

PLOCAMIALES G. W. Saunders et Kraft (24)

Plocamiaceae Kützing nom. cons.

Plocamium Lamouroux nom. cons.

    *sandvicense J. Agardh

RHODYMENIALES Schmitz

Champiaceae Kützing emend. G. W. Saunders et al.

Champia Desvaux

    parvula (C. Agardh) Harvey

    vieillardii Kützing

Faucheaceae I. M. Strachan et al.

Gloiocladia J. Agardh

    iyoensis (Okamura) R. E. Norris (63)

Halichrysis (J. Agardh) Schmitz

    coalescens (Farlow) R. E. Norris et A. Millar

[Drouetia coalescens: Dawson (1949, 1963)]

[Drouetia sp.: Doty et al. (1974)]

Lomentariaceae J. Agardh com. cons., emend. G. W. Saunders et al.

Gelidiopsis Schmitz

    intricata (C. Agardh) Vickers

    scoparia (Montagne et Millardet) De Toni

    variabilis (J. Agardh) Schmitz

Lomentaria Lyngbye

    hakodatensis Yendo

Rhodymeniaceae Harvey emend. G. W. Saunders et al.

Botryocladia (J. Agardh) Kylin nom. cons.

    skottsbergii (Børgesen) Levring

    tenuissima W. R. Taylor

Chamaebotrys Huisman

    boergesenii (Weber-van Bosse) Huisman

Chrysymenia J. Agardh

    glebosa Abbott et Littler

    kaernbachii Grunow

    okamurae Yamada et Segawa

    procumbens Weber-van Bosse

Coelarthrum Børgesen

    cliftonii (Harvey) Kylin

Coelothrix Børgesen

    irregularis (Harvey) Børgesen

Erythrocolon J. Agardh

    podagricum (J. Agardh) J. Agardh ex Kylin

Rhodymenia Greville nom. cons.

    leptophylla J. Agardh

[R. leptophylloides: Dawson (1941), Doty et al. (1974)]

[Rhodymenia sp.: Agegian et Abbott (1985)]

CERAMIALES Oltmanns (37, 67)

Callithamniaceae Kützing

Aglaothamnion Feldmann-Mazoyer

    boergesenii (Aponte et Ballantine) L’Hardy-Halos et Rueness

    cordatum (Børgesen) Feldmann-Mazoyer

Crouania J. Agardh

    mageshimensis Itono

    minutissima Yamada

Euptilocladia Wollaston

    *magruderi Abbott et R. E. Norris

Gymnothamnion J. Agardh

    elegans (Schousboe ex C. Agardh) J. Agardh

Ceramiaceae Dumortier emend. Choi et al.

Acrothamnion J. Agardh

    antillanum Børgesen nom. cons.

[A. l’herminieri: Doty et al. (1974)]

    decipiens (J. Agardh) Athanasiadis

[A. ogdeniae: Abbott (1979)]

    erucacladellum R. E. Norris

    nipponicum Yamada et Inagaki

Antithamnionella Lyle

    breviramosa (Dawson) Wollaston (38)

    graeffei (Grunow) Athanasiadis

Callithamniella Feldmann-Mazoyer

    *pacifica Abbott et R. E. Norris

Ceramium Roth nom. cons. (39)

    aduncum Nakamura

    borneense Weber-van Bosse

    *cingulum Meneses

    clarionensis Setchell et Gardner

    codii (Richards) Mazoyer

    diaphanum (Lightfoot) Roth (40)

[C. tenuissimum: Abbott (1999)]

    *dumosertum R. E. Norris et Abbott

    hamatispinum Dawson

[C. dumosertum auct. non R. E. Norris et Abbott: Balazs (1979)]

    *hanaense R. E. Norris et Abbott

    jolyi (Diaz-Piferrer) Ballantine et Wynne

    mazathanense Dawson

    paniculatum Okamura

    punctiforme Setchell

    serpens Setchell et Gardner

    *tranquillum Meneses

    vagans Silva

    womersleyei R. E. Norris et Abbott

Centroceras Kützing

    clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne

[Ceramium clavulatum: Chamberlain (1881), Lemmermann (1905), Setchell (1905), Reed (1907), Rock (1913), MacCaughey (1918b)]

    *corallophiloides R. E. Norris

    gasparrinii (Meneghini) Kützing (68)

    minutum Yamada

Corallophila Weber-van Bosse

    apiculata (Yamada) R. E. Norris

    huysmansii (Weber-van Bosse) R. E. Norris

    itonoi (Ardré) R. E. Norris

    *ptilocladioides (R. E. Norris et Abbott) R. E. Norris

Diplothamnion Joly et Yamaguishi

    jolyi van den Hoek

[Neomonospora pedicellata auct. non (Smith) Feldmann-Mazoyer et Meslin: Doty et al. (1974)]

Gayliella T. O. Cho et al. (39)

    fimbriata (Setchell et Gardner) T. O. Cho et S. M. Boo

[Ceramium fimbriatum Setchell et Gardner: Tsuda (1965), Abbott (1999)]

    flaccida (Kützing) T. O. Cho et McIvor

[Ceramium flaccidum: Abbott (1989, 1999)]

[Ceramium gracillimum: Tsuda (1966)]

[Ceramium gracillimum var. byssoideum: Doty et al. (1974)]

Perikladosporon Athanasiadis (41)

    percurrens (Dawson) Athanasiadis

[Antithamnion percurrens: Abbott (1999)]

Ptilocladia Sonder

    yuenii Abbott

Dasyaceae Kützing (37)

Dasya C. Agardh nom. cons.

    *atropurpurea Vroom (43)

    corymbifera J. Agardh

[D. collinsiana auct. non Howe: Schlech et Abbott (1989)]

    iridescens (Schlech) Millar et Abbott

[Eupogodon iridescens: Schlech (1990)]

    *kristeniae Abbott

    murrayana Abbott et Millar

[D. iyengarii auct. non Børgesen: Schlech et Abbott (1989)]

    anastomosans (Weber-van Bosse) Wynne (44)

[Eupogodon pilosus: Schlech et Abbott (1989)]

[D. pilosa: Abbott (1999)]

Heterosiphonia Montagne nom. cons.

    crispella (C. Agardh) Wynne

[H. wurdemannii: Doty et al. (1974), Agegian et Abbott (1985)]

Delesseriaceae Bory (37)

Apoglossum J. Agardh

    gregarium (Dawson) Wynne

Branchioglossum Kylin

    prostratum Schneider

Cryptopleura Kützing nom. cons.

    peltata (Montagne) Wynne (46)

[C. corallinara: Abbott (1999)]

    *irregularis Abbott

Hypoglossum Kützing

    barbatum Okamura

    caloglossoides Wynne et Kraft

    miniamum Yamada

    rhizophorum Ballantine et Wynne

    simulans Wynne et al.

    *wynnei Abbott

Martensia Hering nom. cons.

    fragilis Harvey

[M. denticulata auct. non Harvey: Chamberlain (1880, 1881), Tilden (1901)]

[M. flabelliformis auct. non Harvey ex J. Agardh: Chamberlain (1880, 1881), Tilden (1901)]

    flabelliformis Harvey ex J. Agardh (47)

[Neomartensia flabelliformis: Abbott (1999)]

Myriogramme Kylin

    bombayensis Børgesen (48)

Nitophyllum Greville nom. cons.

    adhaerens Wynne

Taenioma J. Agardh

    perpusillum (J. Agardh) J. Agardh

Vanvoorstia Harvey

    coccinea J. Agardh

    spectabilis Harvey

[V. coccinea auct. non (Harvey) J. Agardh: Chamberlain (1881)]

Sarcomeniaceae Womersley (49)

Dotyella Womersley et Shepley

    *hawaiiensis (Doty et Wainwright) Womersley et Shepley

[Cottoniella hawaiiensis: Doty et Wainwright (1958)]

[D. hawaiiensis var. clavata: Hollenberg (1967)] (50)

    *irregularis Abbott

Malaconema Womersley et Shepley

    minimum Hollenberg

Rhodomelaceae Areschoug nom. cons.

Acanthophora Lamouroux

    pacifica (Setchell) Kraft (51)

[Cladymenia pacifica: Magruder et Hunt (1979)]

    spicifera (Vahl) Børgesen

Alsidium C. Agardh

    *cymatophilum R. E. Norris

Chondria C. Agardh nom. cons. (52)

    arcuata Hollenberg

    dangeardii Dawson

    minutula Weber-van Bosse

    polyrhiza Collins et Harvey

[C. repens auct. non Børgesen: Doty et al. (1974)]

    simpliciuscula Weber-van Bosse

Chondrophycus (Tokida et Saito) Garbary et J. T. Harper emend. Nam (53)

    dotyi (Saito) Nam

[Laurencia dotyi: Saito (1969), Abbott et Williamson (1974), McDermid (1988), Abbott (1999)]

    succisus (Cribb) Nam

[Laurencia succisa: Saito (1969), McDermid (1988), Abbott (1999)]

    undulatus (Yamada) Garbary et J. T. Harper (65)

[Laurencia undulata: Saito (1969), Abbott (1999)]

Ditria Hollenberg

    *reptans Hollenberg

Exophyllum Weber-van Bosse

    wentii Weber-van Bosse

Fernandosiphonia Levring

    *ecorticata R. E. Norris

    nana Millar

Hawaiia Hollenberg

    *trichia Hollenberg

Herposiphonia Nägeli

    arcuata Hollenberg

    crassa Hollenberg

    delicatula Hollenberg

    dubia Hollenberg

    nuda Hollenberg

    obscura Hollenberg

    pacifica Hollenberg

    parca Setchell

    secunda (C. Agardh) Ambronn f. secunda (54)

[H. tenella f. secunda auct. non (C. Agardh) Hollenberg: Hollenberg (1968b)]

    variabilis Hollenberg

Janczewskia Solms-Laubach

    *hawaiiana Apt

Laurencia Lamouroux nom. cons.

    brachyclados Pilger

[L. subsimplex auct. non Tseng: Saito (1969)]

    crustiformans McDermid (55)

[L. obtusa var. rigidula auct. non Grunow: Saito (1969)]

    decumbens Kützing

    galtsoffii Howe

    glandulifera (Kützing) Kützing

[L. paniculata: Saito (1967), McDermid (1988)]

    majuscula (Harvey) Lucas

[L. obtusa auct. non (Hudson) Lamouroux: Tsuda (1965)]

    mariannensis Yamada

    *mcdermidiae Abbott

    nidifica J. Agardh

    tenera Tseng

Leveillea Decaisne

    jungermannioides (Hering et Martens) Harvey

[L. gracilis: Martens (1868)]

[Polyzonia jungermannioides: Chamberlain (1880, 1881)]

Lophocladia (J. Agardh) Schmitz

    *kipukaia Setchell

Lophosiphonia Falkenberg

    cristata Falkenberg

    prostata (Harvey) Falkenberg

Melanamansia R. E. Norris (57)

    daemelii Sonder

    fimbrifolia R.E. Norris

    glomerata (C. Agardh) R. E. Norris

[Amansia glomerata: C. Agardh (1822), Bailey et Harvey (1862), Chamberlain (1881), Reinbold (1889), Tilden (1901), Lemmermann (1905), Setchell (1905), Reed (1907), Rock (1913), MacCaughey (1918a, b), Weber-van Bosse (1923), Tsuda (1965), Doty et al. (1974), Balazs (1979), Magruder et Hunt (1979), Agegian et Abbott (1985)]

Micropeuce J. Agardh

    *setosus Abbott

Neosiphonia M. S. Kim et I. K. Lee (58)

    apiculata (Hollenberg) Tani

[Polysiphonia apiculata: Hollenberg (1968b), Abbott (1999)]

    beaudettei (Hollenberg) M. S. Kim et Abbott

[Polysiphonia beaudettei: Hollenberg (1968c), Abbott (1999)]

    flaccidissima (Hollenberg) M. S. Kim et I. K. Lee (59)

[Polysiphonia flaccidissima: Hollenberg (1968b), Abbott (1999)]

    hawaiiensis (Hollenberg) M. S. Kim et Abbott

[Polysiphonia hawaiiensis: Hollenberg (1968b), Abbott (1999)]

    poko (Hollenberg) Abbott

[Polysiphonia poko: Hollenberg (1968b), Abbott (1999)]

    *profunda (Hollenberg) M. S. Kim et Abbott

[Polysiphonia profunda: Hollenberg (1968b), Abbott (1999)]

    *rubrorhiza (Hollenberg) M. S. Kim et Abbott

[Polysiphonia rubrorhiza: Hollenberg (1968b), Abbott (1999)]

    savatieri (Hariot) M. S. Kim et I. K. Lee (60)

[Polysiphonia savatieri: Hollenberg (1968b), Abbott (1999)]

    sphaerocarpa (Børgesen) M. S. Kim et I. K. Lee

[Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa: Hollenberg (1968b), Abbott (1999)]

    subtilissima (Montagne) M. S. Kim et I. K. Lee

[Polysiphonia subtilissima: Hollenberg (1968b), Abbott (1999)]

[Polysiphonia sp.: Abbott (1947)]

    tongatensis (Harvey ex Kützing) M. S. Kim et I. K. Lee

[Polysiphonia aquamara: Abbott (1947)]

[Polysiphonia mollis auct. non Hooker et Harvey ex Harvey: Hollenberg (1968b)]

[Polysiphonia tongatensis: Abbott (1999)]

Neotenophycus Kraft et Abbott (61)

    *ichthyosteus Kraft et Abbott

Osmundaria Lamouroux

    obtusiloba (C. Agardh) R. E. Norris

[Vidalia obtusiloba: Chamberlain (1880, 1881)]

[Vidalia fimbriata auct. non (Lamouroux) J. Agardh: Doty et al. (1974), Abbott (1981)]

Palisada Nam (53)

    cartilaginea (Yamada) Nam (65)

[Laurencia cartilaginea: Saito (1969), McDermid (1988), Abbott (1999)] (65)

[Chondrophycus cartilagineus: Huisman et al. (2007)]

    parvipapillata (Tseng) Nam

[Laurencia parvipapillata: Buggeln (1965), Saito (1967), McDermid (1988), Abbott (1999)]

[Chondrophycus parvipapillatus: Huisman et al. (2007)]

    yamadana (Howe) Nam

[Laurencia surculigera auct. non Tseng: Saito (1969)]

[Laurencia yamadana: Howe (1934), McDermid (1988), Abbott (1999)]

Phaeocolax Hollenberg

    *kajimurai Hollenberg

Polysiphonia Greville nom. cons.

    anomala Hollenberg

    delicatula Hollenberg

    exilis Harvey

    hancockii Dawson

[Fernandosiphonia hancockii: Norris (1994)]

    herpa Hollenberg

    homoia Setchell et Gardner

    howei Hollenberg

    pentamera Hollenberg

    pseudovillum Hollenberg

    saccorhiza (Collins et Harvey) Hollenberg

    scopulorum Harvey

    setacea Hollenberg (62)

    simplex Hollenberg

    sparsa (Setchell) Hollenberg

    tepida Hollenberg

    triton Silva

    tsudana Hollenberg

    *tuberosa Hollenberg

    upolensis (Grunow) Hollenberg

Pterosiphonia Falkenberg

    pennata (C. Agardh) Sauvageau (63)

Rhodolachne Wynne

    decussata Wynne

Spirocladia Børgesen

    barodensis Børgesen

    *hodgsoniae Abbott

Symphyocladia Falkenberg 1897

    marchantioides (Harvey) Falkenberg

Tayloriella Kylin

    dictyurus (J. Agardh) Kylin

Tolypiocladia Schmitz

    glomerata (C. Agardh) Schmitz

Ululania Apt et Schlech

    *stellata Apt et Schlech

Womersleyella Hollenberg

    pacifica Hollenberg

Spyridiaceae J. Agardh

Spyridia Harvey

    filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey

[“Spiridina” (Spyridia) spinella Sonder: Chamberlain (1880, 1881), Reed (1907), Rock (1913)]

Wrangeliaceae J. Agardh

Anotrichium Nägeli

    secundum (Harvey ex J. Agardh) Furnari

[A. tenue auct. non (C. Agardh) Nägeli: Abbott et Norris (1993)]

    tenue (C. Agardh) Nägeli

[Griffithsia tenuis: Abbott (1946)]

[A. celiana: Abbott et Norris (1993)]

Griffithsia C. Agardh nom. cons.

    heteromorpha Kützing

[G. rhizophora: Abbott (1946)]

    metcalfii Tseng

    schousboei Montagne

[G. ovalis auct. non Harvey: Abbott (1946)]

    subcylindrica Okamura

[G. binderiana auct. non Sonder: Abbott (1946)]

Haloplegma Montagne

    duperreyi Montagne

Lejolisia Bornet

    pacifica Itono

Monosporus Solier

    indicus Børgesen

[Corynospora pedicellata auct. non (Smith) J. Agardh : Abbott (1981)]

Ossiella Millar et Abbott

    pacifica Millar et Abbott

Pleonosporium Nägeli nom. cons.

    caribaeum (Børgesen) R. E. Norris

    *intricatum R. E. Norris

Ptilothamnion Thuret

    cladophorae (Yamada et Tanaka) Feldmann-Mazoyer

Tiffaniella Doty et Meñez

    saccorhiza (Setchell et Gardner) Doty et Meñez

Wrangelia C. Agardh

    dumontii (Dawson) Abbott

    *elegantissima R. E. Norris

[W. penicillata auct. non (C. Agardh) C. Agardh: Chamberlain (1880, 1881), Tilden (1901, 1902), MacCaughey (1918a, b), Neal (1930), Gordon (1972), Magruder et Hunt (1979)]

Incertae sedis (56)

Ardreanema R. E. Norris et Abbott

    seriospora (Dawson) R. E. Norris

Balliella Itono et Tanaka

    repens Huisman et Kraft

Callidictyon J. N. Norris et Abbott

    *abyssorum J. N. Norris et Abbott

Delesseriopsis Okamura

    elegans Okamura

*refers to Hawaiian endemic taxa

Notes

1. Regarding discussion about the status of the subphyla and classes of the Florideophyceae, we are following the concept of Yoon et al. (2006).
2. Sahlingia subintegra was reported in Huisman et al. (2007).
3. Rhodosorus marinus was isolated from Coconut Is. in Kaheohe Bay, Oahu (West 1968).
4. According to Müller et al. (2003), karyotypes of the marine and freshwater populations of Bangia are different (Gargiulo et al. 1998). From this point of view, marine and freshwater entities should be separate species, and a proposal that marine and freshwater entities should be referred to B. fuscopurpurea and B. atropurpurea, respectively, was submitted (Yoshida et al. 2005).
5. Pihiella liagoraciphila has been recognized as “monosporangial discs” of liagoroid algae (Howe 1920, Yamada 1938, Abbott 1945, Huisman 2002) or another red alga (Børgesen 1920). Based on morphological and molecular evidence, new species, genus, family and order were provided for the alga (Huisman et al. 2003).
6. Acrochaetium seriatum is regarded as A. hypneae in AlgaeBase (Guiry et Guiry 2008).
7. The original spelling ‘nemalionis’ for Acrochaetium nemalii is incorrect (Athanasiadis 1996, Guiry et Guiry 2008).
8. Independence of the genus Liagorophila was not recognized and L. endophytica was reduced to a synonym of Acrochaetium yamadae (Garbary) Lee et Lee (Lee et Lee 1988). We need to confirm whether or not their proposal should be recognized, because several authors still use Liagorophila (Abbott 1999, Abbott et al. 2002, Yoshida et al. 2005).
9. Harper et Saunders (2002) examined members of the Acrochaetiales and found that Colaconema asparagopsis and some Audouinella species formed a clade, which was distinct from the true Acrochaetiales. A separate order and family were proposed (Harper et Saunders 2002). Although Abbott (1999) did not report any species corresponding to the genus Colaconema, recent molecular analysis using nuclear LSU rDNA sequences, some Colaconema species have been found from the Main Hawaiian Islands (Kurihara personal data).
10. Resurrection of the genus Dichotomaria Lamarck was proposed on the basis of differences of vegetative and reproductive morphologies from Galaxaura and supported by molecular data (Huisman et al. 2004b). The Hawaiian entity of Galaxaura marginata was also supported as a member of Dichotomaria based on molecular phylogenetic analyses (Huisman et al. 2004d).
11. The Hawaiian entities Galaxaura rugosa (gametophytic phase) and G. subverticillata (tetrasporophytic phase) were shown to be conspecific based on comparison of LSU rDNA sequences (Huisman et al. 2004d).
12. Galaxaura pacifica was originally described based on a material from Bonin Islands (Tanaka 1935) and, later, was reduced to a synonym of G. rugosa (Papenfuss et al. 1982). Huisman et al. (2004d) also followed their treatment, but Kurihara et al. (2005) treated this species as independent.
13. A new genus Akalaphycus, which was segregated from Stenopeltis on the basis of molecular phylogenetic analyses and anatomical observations of reproductive organs, was proposed (Huisman et al. 2004c), and S. liagoroides and S. Setchelliae were included in Akalaphycus. Although Stenopeltis (including Akalaphycus) had been treated as a member of the family Polyidaceae (Gigartinales), molecular data demonstrated that these groups belong to the Liagoraceae (Nemaliales).
14. Liagora papenfussii, L. pinnata and L. samoensis were transferred to Ganonema on the basis of Hawaiian materials, and Ganonema yoshizakii was established as a new species (Huisman et al. 2004a).
15. Reinstatement of Izziella, which had been included in Liagora, was proposed on the basis of differences of cortical structure and reproductive organs (Huisman et Schils 2002).
16. Two infraspecific taxa are recognized in Abbott (1999): Liagora ceranoides f. ceranoides and L. ceranoides f. laprosa.
17. Two new species Liagora donaldiana and L. julieae, both of which were from Oahu, were described (Abbott et Huisman 2003).
18. Four liagoroid species that can produce quadripartite carposporangia are known in Hawaii other than Liagora tetrasporifera: L. donaldiana, L. julieae, L. perennis, and Yamadaella caenomyce. Liagora tetrasporifera was reported from Hawaii by Magruder et Hunt (1979), but it was not cited in Abbott (1999).
19. A new genus Titanophycus, segregated from Liagora, was proposed by Huisman et al. (2006).
20. Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence, Scinaia and Nothogenia were removed from the family Galaxauraceae and placed in the new family Scinaiaceae (Huisman et al. 2004b), who also included Gloeophloea and Whydbeyella into the Scinaiaceae, although phylogenetic relationships among the Galaxauraceae, Liagoraceae and Scinaiaceae are still unclear.
21. A new species, Scinaia huismanii, from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands was described (Vroom et Abbott 2004b).
22. Abbott (1999) did not list any crustose or non-articulated corallines, and we still have insufficient information on those algae. Therefore, we here have decided to temporarily show the Hawaiian records published in Adey et al. (1982) and make notes on taxonomic changes for some species. Regarding subdivision (at the family level) of the order Corallinales, we followed the Harvey et al. (2003) classification.
23. A new genus Parviphycus was segregated from Gelidiella on the basis of the growth pattern and tetrasporangial arrangement (Santelices 2004).
24. Although Abbott (1999) did not adopt the orders Halymeniales, Nemastomatales and Plocamiales, we treat them as independednt lineages at the rank of order. The Acrosymphytales and Sebdeniales were segregated from Gigartinales and Halymeniales, respectively (Withall et Saunders 2006). Followed Saunders et al. (2004) and Schneider et Wynne (2007), the Naccariaceae were treated as a member of the Bonnemaisoniales.
25. A new species, Ascosymphyton brainardii, from French Frigate Shoals, the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, was described (Vroom et Abbott 2004a).
26. A new species, Dudresnaya babbittiana, was established from Midway Atoll, the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (Abbott et McDermid 2001).
27. It appears that Hypnea cervicornis has been recorded as H. musciformis or H. nidifica (Mshigeni 1978, Abbott 1981; see Abbott (1999) for more information).
28. A new species Kallymenia thompsonii, collected from Midway Atoll, the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, was described (Abbott et McDermid 2002).
29. Wurdemannia, currently a monotypic genus with W. miniata, was provided with its own family Wurdemanniaceae in the Gelidiales (Taylor 1960). Afterwards, this family was transferred to the Gigartinales (Wynne et Kraft 1981), although it is still placed in the Gelidiales (e.g. Yoshida et al. 2005). Examinations of the pit plugs and a molecular phylogenetic study demonstrated that the placement of this species as being part of the Gigartinales (specifically the Solieriaceae) rather than Gelidiales (Pueschel 1989, Saunders et al. 2004).
30. Although the combination of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis was proposed by Dawson et al. (1964), Abbott (1999) did not accept their proposal since she thought that more evidence was necessary to separate Gracilariopsis from Gracilaria. Subsequently, however, Gurgel et Fredericq (2004) provided molecular support for Gracilariopsis as being distinct from Gracilaria based on rbcL sequence analysis. However, Gp. lemaneiformis has been considered to be distributed worldwide, but molecular data showed most of them are different from the genuine Gp. lemaneiformis (Gurgel et al. 2003). We need to examine whether the Hawaiian entity is the genuine Gp. lemaneiformis.
31. The genus Gelidiocolax was originally placed in the family Pterocladiophilaceae (Cryptonemiales) (Fan et Papenfuss 1959), was listed as “uncertain position” in Abbott (1999), but afterwards, was transferred to Gracilariales (Fredericq et Hommersand 1990, Silva et al. 1996); no molecular evidence has been provided so far.
32. Hawaiian records of Dermocorynus occidentalis are unknown. Wilkes et al. (2005) transferred D. montagnei P. L. Crouan et H. M. Crouan, which was the type species of the genus, to Grateloupia., but did not combine D. occidentalis into Grateloupia. We need to investigate whether the Hawaiian entity should be placed in Grateloupia.
33. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on rbcL revealed that Grateloupia filicina from Hawaii contains two distinct species, both of which are absolutely different from the genuine G. filicina (type locality: Italy) (De Clerck et al. 2005, Figueroa et al. 2007, Kurihara personal data).
34. In transferring Halymenia actinophysa Howe (type locality: California) to the genus Sebdenia (J. Agardh) Berthold, Soler-Onis (in de Jong 1998) mentioned the basionym, but he did not fully cite it (Guiry et Guiry 2008). Therefore, this combination was not validly published by Soler-Onis. However, if the Hawaiian entity belongs to Sebdenia, this species should be placed in Sebdeniales.
35. Perrone et al. (2006) proposed a three-family system, including a new family Pterocladiaceae, in the Gelidiales based on forms of secondary rhizoidal attachments. Since this classification seems to be reasonable (see Shimada et al. 1999, fig. 15), we followed their infraordinal system.
36. Abbott (1999) mentioned that the Hawaiian specimens look like a Brazilian species, Porphyra pujalsiae and P. acanthophora. Partial 18S rRNA gene sequences of some Hawaiian samples have revealed that Hawaiian Porphyra species seem to be closely related to a Brazilian species P. acanthophora (the intron sequence is divergent from the Brazilian sample) (Kurihara personal data); we have not compared with P. vietnamensis yet, though.
37. In general, the four family system has been accepted in the order Ceramiales (i.e. Ceramiales, Dasyaceae, Delesseriaceae and Rhodomelaceae). However, recent molecular phylogenetic studies revealed that former three families might be heterogeneous (Lin et al. 2001, Choi et al. 2002). Dasyaceae were recognized as Dasyoideae and Heterosiphonioideae (Choi et al. 2002), and Delesseriaceae were recognized as Delesserioideae, Nitophylloideae and Phycodryoideae (Lin et a. 2001, Choi et al. 2002). Choi et al. (2008) recognized four families in the Ceramiaceae (Callithamniaceae, Ceramiaceae, Spyridiaceae and Wrangeliaceae). The Sarcomenia Group (Kylin 1956) in the Delesseriaceae was elevated to the rank of family (Womersley 2003).
38. Antithamnionella breviramosa was proposed to be reduced to a synonym of A. elegans (Berthold) Price et John (type locality: Italy) (Cormaci et Furnari 1988, Silva et al. 1996). Abbott (1999), however, recognized A. breviramosa as a distinct species and recommended comparing the Hawaiian and Mediterranean entities.
39. A new genus, Gayliella was proposed and some Ceramium species, including C. fimbriata and C. flaccida, were transferred to Gayliella (Cho et al. 2008)
40. Abbott (1999) cited Ceramium tenuissimum (Roth) Areschoug, but this is an illegitimate name because it is a later homonym of C. tenuissimum Bonnemaison. Ceramium diaphanum var. tenuisiimum Roth, which is the basionym of C. tenuissimum (Roth) Areschoug, is currently treated as a synonym of C. diaphanum (Lightfoot) Roth (Maggs et Hommersand 1993, Guiry et Guiry 2008).
41. Antithamnion percurrens was transferred to the new genus Perikladosporon. (Athanasiadis 1996).
42. Gelidiocolax mammillata has never been found since the record of Fan et Papenfuss (1959) in Hawaii (Abbott 1999).
43. A new species, Dasya atropurpurea, from Pearl and Hermes Atoll, the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, was described (Vroom 2005).
44. Both Dasyopsis anastomosans and D. pilosa were originally described on the basis of materials collected from Indonesia (Weber-van Bosse 1921, 1923). Later, she expressed doubt as to the distinctness of those species (Weber-van Bosse 1928). Dasyopsis pilosa was transferred to the genus Dasya (Millar 1990). After examining type materials of both species and collections from the western and central Pacific, Abbott (1999) supported Weber-van Bosse (1928)’s view and adopted Dasya pilosa. According to Wynne (2002), however, Dasyopsis anastomosans, which was subsequently transferred to Dasya, has priority over Dasyopsis pilosa.
45. Information of cencerning the type locality and the type specimen of Gelidiocolax mammillata are confusing. According to the original description, Hanauma Bay (Oahu) is the type locality and UC 1058497 was cited as the holotype (Fan et Papenfuss 1959), but Maalaea Bay, Maui, and BISH 517948 were cited in Abbott (1999).
46. Cryptopleura corallinara was synonymized under C. peltata (Wynne 2001).
47. Although Yoshida et Mikami (1996) proposed the new genus Neomartensia and transferred Martensia flabelliformis to Neomartensia, South et Skelton (2003) and Lin et al. (2004) did not recognize Neomartensia.
48. Myriogramme bombayensis was transferred to Schizoseris Kylin (Womerlsey 2003). Female reproduction and post-fertilization development have not yet been observed for the Hawaiian entity. Comparative studies with other localities are required.
49. A new family, Sarcomeniaceae was proposed by Womersley (2003). Members of this family have been recognized as the “Sarcomenia group”, which was treated as part of either the Delesseriaceae or Rhodomelaceae, bearing some intermediate characteristics of the Delesseriaceae and Rhodomelaceae. Recent phylogenetic studies (Lin et al. 2001, Choi et al. 2002) revealed that Platysiphonia victoriae and Sarcomenia delesserioides appear uniquely positioned (namely, they are placed in neither the Delesseriaceae nor the Rhodomelaceae). However, their systematic position remains uncertain as those authors pointed out. Dotyella hawaiiensis, D. irregularis, and Malaconema minimum, genera of which are placed in the Sarcomeniaceae (Womersley 2003), have been reported from Hawaii. Molecular analyses using those species are desireable.
50. Dotyella hawaiiensis var. clavata differs from D. hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis only in the shorter, more robust and clavate monosiphonous filaments (Hollenberg 1967).
51. Molecular data have revealed that Acanthophora pacifica and A. spicifera (the latter is the type species of the genus Acanthophora), do not form a clade, suggesting that A. pacifica is not a member of the genus (Kurihara personal data).
52. Molecular data also have revealed that the genus Chondria is polyphyletic (Kurihara personal data).
53. Laurencia subgenus Chondrophycus was elevated to generic rank and 11 species were transferred to the genus (Garbary et Harper 1998). Later, Nam (2006) proposed the segregation of the Palisada group, which had been recognized as a section of Laurencia, from the genus Chondrophycus and raised it to generic rank. However, the name Palisada was illegitimate because she provided no latin diagnosis or a reference to a previously published latin diagnosis for the genus. Valid publication of the name Palisada was given by Nam (2007) as a new genus, in which 19 new combinations were proposed.
54. Two intraspecific taxa, H. tenella f. tenella and f. secunda, were recognized (Hollenberg 1968b).
55. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that Laurencia crustiformans is not a member of the Laurencia sensu stricto but of “Palisada” (Kurihara personal data).
56. With reference to species that were not examined in Choi et al. (2008), Acrothamnion, Perikladosporon (Antithamnieae), Corallophila, Ptilocladia (Ceramieae), Antithamnionella, Callithamnionella (Dohrnielleae), Diplothamnion (Pterothamnieae) were treated as members of Ceramiaceae, Gymnothamnion (Ptiloteae) was treated as a member of Callithmniaceae, and Haloplegma (Compsothamnieae), Ossiella (Griffithsieae), Ptilothamnion, Tiffaniella (Spermothamnieae) were treated as members of Wrangeliaceae in this checklist. The other species were moved to Incertae sedis.
57. Masuda et Abe (2002) and Womersley (2003) have not recognized the Melanamansia, which was established by Norris (1995).
58. Neosiphonia was newly established by Kim et Lee (1999), who proposed the segregation of this genus from Polysiphonia. Thereafter, three other species of Polysiphonia were transferred to Neosiphonia by Abbott et al. (2002), Tani et al. (2003), and Kim et Abbott (2006).
59. The Hawaiian records of P. flaccidissima are unclear. This species was transferred to Neosiphonia and called N. flaccidissima (Kim et Lee 1999), but Guiry et Guiry (2008) adopted Womersley (1979)'s opinion, in which P. flaccidissima was treated as a synonym of P. sertularioides. Abbott (1999) claimed the difference between P. flaccidissima from Hawaii and the Meiterranean and southern Australian P. sertulorioides was the degree of development of the prostrate system and opted to use P. flaccidissima.
60. Although Polysiphonia savatieri is currently recognized at the rank of variety for P. japonica (Yoon 1986, Guiry et Guiry 2008), Abbott (1999) still retained it at the species level as Hollenberg (1968a) pointed out: P. savatieri from tropical regions, including Hawaii, may be variants of N. sphaerocarpa (type locality: Virgin Islands) rather than of P. japonica.
61. A new genus and species, Neotenophycus ichthyosteus, which parasitizes the red alga Neosiphonia poko from Johnston Atoll, the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, was proposed (Kraft et Abbott 2002).
62. The taxonomic status of Polysiphonia setacea, type locality of which is Oahu, Hawaii, is unclear. This species was transferred to Womersleyella Hollenberg (Norris 1992), and Choi et al. (2001) and Guiry et Guiry (2008) followed his proposal. However, Abbott (1999) examined Hollenberg's materials and additional new collections and concluded that W. setacea should be returned to Polysiphonia.
63. Gloiocladia was transferred to the family Faucheaceae from the Lomentariaceae (Saunders et al. 1999).
64. A molecular phylogenetic study revealed that Gracilaria parvispora from Hawaii and G. bursa-pastoris from Japan and Korea are conspecific (Kim et al. 2008). Thus G. parvispora is not a Hawaiian endemic species.
65. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have showed that Hawaiian Chondrophycus cartilagineus and C. undulatus, both of which were originally described based on plants from Japan, are (genetically) different from the Japanese materials at the species level (Kurihara personal data).
66. Abbott (1999) adopted a four-family system in the order Nemaliales: Acrochaetiaceae, Dermonemataceae, Galaxauraceae, and Liagoraceae. Based on LSU rDNA analyses, however, Huisman et al. (2004b) proposed that three families, Galaxauraceae, Liagoraceae and Scinaiaceae, should be recognized in the Nemaliales. We here follow their suggestion and treat Trichogloea and Trichogloeopsis as members of the Liagoraceae.
67. Audouinella eugenea is a freshwater species (Vis et al. 1994).
68. Centroceras gasparrinii was resurrected and firstly reported from Hawaii (Won et al. 2009).
69. Although two Kappaphycus species, K. alvarezii and K. striatum had been recognized in Hawaiin (Abbott 1999). Although the latter species is currently called Kappaphycus sp., this sample looks like either K. alvarezii or K. striatum and is differentiated from the Indonesian and the Philippines' K. striatum at the sequence level (Conklin et al. 2009).
70. Gloiotrichus fractalis was firstly recorded from 'Au'au Point, Hawaii Island (Huisman et Abbott 2003).
71. Although Haliptilon has been separated from Jania mainly by branching pattern, recent molecular phylogenetic analysis using SSU rRNA gene showed that species in both genera were nested in a large clade with Cheilosporum species (Kim et al. 2007). Three Haliptilon species that had been used for the molecular analysis were treated as Jania species (Kim et al. 2007).
72. The feature of tetrasporangial arrangement of Gelidiella myrioclada auct. Hawaii (Santelices 1977, Abbott 1999) does not fit the Indian specimens observed by Børgesen (1934), indicating that the Hawaiian specimens do not represent the genuine G. myrioclada (Huisman et al. 2009).
73. Elevation of the family Peyssonneliaceae to the rank of order was proposed (Krayesky et al. 2009).
    

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