World Civilizations

Spring 2009


The Industrial Revolution: A Scientific, Economic AND Social Revolution


DUE: 5/7 and 5/8 Directions: Read pages 815-24 (to “Industrial Capitalism”) in your Traditions and Encounters textbook (beginning of chapter “The Making of Industrial Society”).


You should understand and note the significance of the following vocabulary terms:


industrialization

textiles

calicoes / Calico Acts

John Kay’s flying shuttle

Samuel Crompton’s “mule”

James Watt’s steam engine

Bessemer converter

putting-out system

factory system

division of labor

Luddites



Guiding questions that you should understand and be prepared to discuss and write about:


  1. What were the foundations of industrialization? Why was Great Britain the first to industrialize? How were the coal deposits in Great Britain so significant?


  1. What changes were made in the textile and cotton industries that allowed production to become more efficient? Why were these changes so important to overall industrialization? (Why do you think it happened first in the textile industry?)

  2. How did the steam engine alter the production of iron and steel and transportation? How did these developments further industrial production?


  1. What is the factory system? How did it develop? How did this further industrial production?


  1. How did early industrialization spread from Britain?


  1. Map Analysis: Look at Map 30.1: Industrial Europe c. 1850. (page 823 in my edition). According to this map, what are two important ingredients to expansion of industrialization?




DUE 5/11 and 5/12:


Read pp. 824-833 from “Industrial Capitalism to “The Socialist Challenge”


You should understand and note the significance of the following vocabulary terms:


joint-stock corporations

monopoly

cartel

mass production / interchangeable parts

corporation

Crystal Palace

urbanization

tenements

“captains of industry”

middle class

fossil fuels


Guiding questions that you should understand and be prepared to discuss and write about:


  1. What is industrial capitalism? What elements allowed for mass production in the factories? How did business evolve with the growing factories and technological improvements? What methods did big business employ to hold on to their vast power and control of industry?


  1. How did industrial growth impact standards of living and population around the world? Why did Europe experience a demographic transition?


  1. Primary Source: Read Birth Control (p. 828) and Thomas Malthus on Population (p. 830). How and why has birth control developed over time? Were Malthus’s fears about a lack of food realized during the age of industrialization, or did aspects of the new industrial society in fact help to prevent those fears from being realized? What is the main point of this passage?


  1. How did industrialization impact urbanization and migration of peoples within and across continents? What were the conditions in the urban centers? Why?


  1. How did industrialization impact the traditional social structures? What classes emerged? How were industrial families different from agrarian ones? How did the roles of men and women change because of industrialization? What role did children come to play?




Industrial Revolution: Scientific, Economic AND Social Revolution


Directions: Read pages 833-36 from “The Socialist Challenge” in your Traditions and Encounters textbook to “Global Effects of Industrialization.”


You should understand and note the significance of the following vocabulary terms:

socialism


utopian socialists

Charles Fourier / Robert Owen

capitalism

Karl Marx

Friedrich Engels

proletariat

“opiate of society”

Manifesto of the Communist Party

communists

franchise / universal male suffrage

trade unions



Guiding questions that you should understand and be prepared to discuss and write about:


  1. Why did the ideas socialism emerge in the industrial era? What was the utopian socialists’ view of the ideal community? Why? What was Marx’s and Engels’ view of the ideal community? According to Marx and Engels, what was wrong with capitalism? What was the inevitable result of capitalism?


  1. Primary Source: Read Marx and Engels on Bourgeoisie and Proletarians (p. 838). How did Marx and Engels’ historical embrace of the concept of class struggle shape their understanding of the great forces clashing during this industrial age? What is the main point of this passage?


  1. What other social reform movements emerged from the industrial era? Why did trade unions emerge? Why was the unions’ work a significant part of industrial society?