basic hindi

BASIC HINDI

PRONUNCIATION : like : cup ; o like Go ; au like : college, god ; u like : poor ; ai like : may ; e like : ; i ike : tea ;

hu(n) is hu with a nasal sound, hai(n) is hai with a nasal sound, e(n) is e with nasal sound.

BASIC RULES :

The verb is always at the end, and the auxiliary verb [ hu(n), hai, hai(n), etc. ] at the extremely end.

There are no articles.

The prepositions are actually postpositions : “the book is on the table” is said : “book table on is.”

Masculine nouns finish generally with an A. Feminine nouns finish generally with an I. But there are many exceptions.

Kya means What, and is also used to begin a question.

HOW TO USE THE FOLLOWING VERBS TABLE :

Exemples :

- to go = ja~ => I go = mai(n) jata hu(n) ; He goes = vh jata hai ; You go = ap jata hai(n) ; We go = hm jate hai(n) ; They go = ve jate hai(n)

I went = main(n) jata tha ; He will go = vh jaega ; We’re going = hm ja rahe hai(n) ; They can go = ve ja sakte hai(n)

infinitif to go = jana ; Go ! = ap jaiye ; don’t go = ap mat jaiye

- to give = de~ => I give = mai(n) deta hu(n) ; They give = ve dete hai(n) ; We were going = hm derahe the

infinitif to give = dena ; Give ! = ap deiye ; don’t give = ap mat deiye

- he falls = vh girta hai

- you speak = ap bolte hai(n)

- we were eating = hm kha rahe the

- they’ll look = ve dekhenge

VERBS

to arrive	pahunch~	to colour	rang~			to move	chala~	to smile	muskra~
to be	ho~	to come	a~	to give	de~	to play	khel~	to speak	bol~
to be afraid	lr~	to cut	kat~	to go	ja~	read / study	prl~	to stay	ra~
to be angry	gussa kr~	to danse	nacha~	to joke	mzak kr~	to recomand	sifarish kr~	to stop	ruk~
to be tired	thk~	to desire	chah~	to jump	kud~	to refuse	mna kr~	to take	le~
to beat	pit~	to die	mr~	to keep	rakh~	to regret	afsos kr~	to taste	chakh~
to begin	shuru kr~	to do	kr~	to kiss	chum~	to remember	yad kr~	to tell	bta~
to believe	vishvas kr~	to doubt	shak kr~	to know	jan~	to run	daurl~	to think	soch~
to boil	ubal~	to drink	pi~	to laugh	hans~	to say	kh~	to try	koshish kr~
to breathe	sans la~	drive a car	motr chla~	to learn	sikh~	to search	rlunrl~	understand	smjh~
to bring	la~	to eat	kha~	to like	psand kr~	to see	dekh~	to waiste	brbad kr~
to buy	khrid~	to explain	samjkha~	to look	dekh~	to sell	bech~	to walk	chal~
to call	bulan~	to fall	gir~	to loose	kho~	to show	dikha~	to want	chah~
to care	prvah kr~	to feel	laga~ (p 97)	to love	pyr kr~	to sing	ga~	to warm	grm kr~
to carry	uthan~	to fight	lrl~	to make	bna~	to sit	baitha~	to wash	dho~
to catch	pakrl~	to find	pa~	to marry	shadi kr~	to sleep	so~	to work	kam kr~
to change	bdl~	to finish	chuk~	to measure	nap~ , taul~	to smell	sungha~	to write	likh~
to clean	saf kr~	to fry	tl~	to meet	mil~

MASCULIN		Present	Preterit	Futur	Present perfect	Past perfect	be able to…	Infinitiv
I	mai(n)	~ta hu(n)	~ta tha	~unga	~ raha hu(n)	~ raha tha	~ sakta hu(n)	~na
He	vh	~ta hai	~ta tha	~ega	~ raha hai	~ raha tha	~ sakta hai	Go !
You	ap (ap log)	~te hai(n)	~te the	~enge	~ raha hai(n)	~ rahe the	~ sakte hai(n)	ap ~iye
We	hm	~te hai(n)	~te the	~enge	~ rahe hai(n)	~ rahe the	~ sakte hai(n)	Don’t go
They	ve	~te hai(n)	~te the	~enge	~ rahe hai(n)	~ rahe the	~ sakte hai(n)	ap mat ~iye

FEMININ		Present	Preterit	Futur	Present perfect	Past perfect	be able to…
I	mai(n)	~ti hu(n)	~ti thi	~ungi	~ rahi hu(n)	~ rahi tha	~ sakta hu(n)
She	vh	~ti hai	~ti thi	~egi	~ rahi hai	~ rahi tha	~ sakta hai
You	ap	~ti hai(n)	~ti thi(n)	~engi	~ rahi hai(n)	~ rahi thi	~ sakte hai(n)
We	hm	~ti hai(n)	~ti thi(n)	~engi	~ rahe hai(n)	~ rahe thin	~ sakte hai(n)
They	ve	~ti hai(n)	~te thi(n)	~engi	~ rahe hai(n)	~ rahe thin	~ sakte hai(n)

irregular imperatives : kr~ => kijiye ; pi~ => pijiye ; le~ => lijiye . Sometime, indefinite is used as imperative. ex : don’t go out ! = bahr mat jana !

		I	You	He, She	We	They	boy	who
		mai(n)	ap	vh	hm	ve	larka	kaun
nominative	ne	maine	apne	usne		unhone	larkane
of	ka, ki, ke	mera, meri, mere (mine)	apka, apki, apke (your)	uska, ki, ke (his, her)	hmra (our)	unka, ki, ke (their)	larkaka, ki ke (boy’s)	kiska, ki, ke ( whose ?)
to	ko	mujhko	apko	usko				kisko
from	se	mujhse	apse	usse
for	ke liye	mere liye	apke liye	uske liye
in	me(n)	mujhme	ap me(n)	usme
on, above	pr	mujh pr	ap pr	us pr
through	ke dwara	mujhkedwara	apke dwara	uske dwara		unke dwara
by	se dwara	mujhsedwara	apse dwara	usse dwara		unse dwara

		9	nau	19	un-is	29	un-tis	39	unch-aris	49	unpach-as	59	un-sat	69	unse-tar	90	nab’be
0		10	das	20	bis	30	tis	40	ch-aris	50	pach-as	60	sat	70	se-tar	91	ek-ranme
1	ek	11	gyarh	21	ekis	31	ek-tis	41	ekt-aris	51	ek-awan	61	ek-sat	71	ek-atar	92	ba-ranme
2	do	12	barh	22	ba-is	32	bak-tis	42	bay-aris	52		62	ba- sat	72	ba- atar	95	peche-ranme
3	tin	13	terah	23	the-is	33	the-tis	43	thuny-aris	53	tre-pan	63	tre- sat	75	peche- atar	99	nene-ranme
4	char	14	chaudah	24	chaub-is	34	chau-tis	44	chauv-aris	54	chau-pan	64	chau- sat	79	une assi	100	sau
5	panch	15	pandrah	25	pach-is	35	pa-tis	45	pant-aris	55	pach-pan	65	pa- sat	80	assi	101	ek sau
6	cheh	16	solah	26	chab-is	36	chat-tis	46	chi-aris	56	cha-pan	66	chin- sat	81	ek- assi	123	ek sau the-is
7	sat	17	satrah	27	sata-is	37	sa-tis	47	set-aris	57	set-awan	67	sar- sat	82	bae- assi	362	tin sau ba-sat
8	ath	18	atharah	28	ata-is	38	ar-tis	48	art-aris	58	art-awan	68	ar- sat	85	peche- assi	1000	ek hzr

singular

plural

postposition use (singular)

postposition use (plural)

Masculine nouns ending with A

larka (boy)

beta (son)

larke

beti

larke ne

larke ko (to the boy)

larke se (from the boy)

larke ka (of the boy)

larko(n) ne

larko(n) ko (to the boys)

larko(n) se (from the boys)

larko(n) a (of the boys)

Masculine nouns not ending with A

naukr (servant)

mkan (house)

ghr (house)

admi (man)

phal (fruit)

does’nt change at plural form

naukr ne

naukr ko (to the servant)

naukr se (from the servant)

naukr ka (of the servant)

naukro(n) ne

naukro(n) ko (to the servant)

naukro(n) se (from the servant)

naukro(n) ka (of the servant)

Feminine nouns ending with I

larki (girl)

beti (daughter)

larkiya(n)

betiya(n)

larki ne

lariki ko (to the girl)

larki se (from the girl)

larki ka (of the girl)

larkiyo(n) ne

larkiyo(n) ko (to the girls)

larkiyo(n) se (from the girls)

larkiyo(n) ka (of the girls)

Feminine nouns ending with a consonant

aurt (woman)

ktab (book)

aurte(n)

ktabe(n)

aurt ne

aurt ko (to the woman)

aurt se (from the woman)

aurt ka (of the woman)

how	kaise	ahead	age	a little	kuch-kuch, tora	bad	khrab	late	der se
how many	kitne	around	(ke) charon or	after	(ke) bad	beautiful	sundr	left / right	/ dayan
how much	kitna	behind	(ke) piche	also, too	bhi	big	brla	light	halka
this	yh’	between	(ke) bich me(n)	but	lekin	cheap	ssta
what	kya	beyond	(ke) pr	every	hr	clean / dirty	saf / ganda	long	lamba
what for ?	kis liye	far	(se) dur	never	kbhi nhin	cold	thanda	much, many	bot (bahut)
when	kb	in front of	(ke) samne	often	ksr	different	alag	important	zaruri
where	kahan	in, inside	me(n)	only	sirf	difficult	mushkil	new / old	nya / purana
who	kaun	in / outside	andr / bhr	or	ya	dishonest	beiman	poor	grib
why	kyon	near	(ke) pas, nazdik	other	dusra	easy	asan	respectful	smmanpurna
wich	kaun-sa	on the other side	(ke) us per	one more		empty / full	khali /	rich	mir
until	kb tk	on, upon	(ke) upr	please	kripaya	enough	kafi	right (correct)	thike
whom	kisko	together	sath	ready	taiyar	excellent	briya	same	vhi
whose	kiska	under	(ke) niche	several	kai	expensive	mahanga	slow	dhire
since when ?	kb se ?	here / there	yahan / vhan	the same	ek hi	fair (just)	uchit	small	chhota
ok	tike			one more!	ek pas (?)	famous	mashhur	some	kutch
thank you	dennyevad	please	kripya	up to	tk	fast, rapid	tez, jaldi	special	khas
you’re welc.	koe bot nahin	I’m so sorry	kshama kijiye	with	(ke) sath	good	acha	spicy	msaladar
sorry	maf kijiye	How are you	ap kaise hai(n)	with me	mere sath	half	adha	sweet	mitha
let’s go	chelo	warning !	chetavni !	yes / no	ha / nhin	happy	sukhi, khush	tasty	svadisht
so that	jisse	listen !	sabse	all	sab	hard	sakht, kathor	true	sach
that’s it !	bas					heavy /	bhari	very good	botacha
you’re not polite!	badmas					holy	pavitra	warm, hot	grm
bravo	shabash					honest	imandar	wet / dry	/ sukha
(helas)	hai	good	acha			interesting	dilchsp	young / old	jawa / buddha
chut !	chup	better	usse acha	bustard !	sala / Sali	large	bada
O my god !	Hare Ram	best	sabse acha

day	din	bathroom	gusalkhana	food	khana	a cup	pyala	book	ktab
night	rat	bed	palang	breakfast	nasta	cake	kek	elephant	hathi
today	aj	bed-sheet	chadr	meal		biscuit	biscut	flower	phul
yest / tomor.	kal	carpet	kalin, galicha	water	pani			gulab
morning	savera	chair	kursi	bread	roti, chapati			medecine	dwa
afternoon	dopahar	door	drvaza	salt	nmk			pen	klm
evening	sham	home	ghr	spice	msala			saree	sari
week	hafta	house	mkan	sugar	chini			song	git
month	mas	kitchen	rasoi	coffe	kaufi			time	vakt, samay
year	sal	locker	tala	butter	makhan			a watch	ghadi
		room	kamra	egg	anda			flies	mkkhi
boy	larka – larke	table	mez	milk	dudh			mosquitoes	mchr
girl	larki -larkiyan	window	khidki	oil	tel			rose
son	beta - bete			chiken	murgi
daughter	beti -betiyan	city	shhr	vegetables	trkari
man	admi - admi	road	srlk	tomato	tamatar
woman	aurat	shop	dukan	potato	alu
husband	pati	place	chok	rice	chavl
wife	patni	India	Bhrt	lentils	dal
father	pita	address	pata	fruit	phl
mother	man, mata			apple	seb
brother	bhai			banana	kela
sister	bahin			dry fruit	meva
child	bache			lemon	nibu
family	privar			mango	am
friend	dost			orange	santara
				pinapple	ananas

BASIC SENTENCES

How are you	ap kaise hai(n)	some bread and butter, please	kripya, tori roti aur makan
I’m well, and you ?	mai(n) tike hun, ap kya hai ?	Is breakfast ready ?	kya nasta taiyar hai ?
I have a cigarette	mere pas cigaret (hai)	where is a good restaurant (here) ?	(yahan) acha restorant khn hai ?
Do you have a cigaret ?	kya apke pas cigaret hai ?	what’s the price ?	kya kimt hai ?
I have books	mere pas ktabe(n)	wich direction ?	kis disha me(n) ?
This is a boy / This is a girl	yh larka hai / yh larki hai	I wish you goodnight	apko namaskar
This girl is pretty	yh karki sundar hai	wich bus goes to…	… ko kaun si bus jati hai ?
This boy is small	yh larka chota hai	bring me	mujhko laiye
This is my house	yh mera ghr hai	give me	mujhko dijiye
This house is big	yh ghar bra hai	give me the book	ktab mujhdko dijiye
These rooms are big	ye kamre bre hai(n)	put the cups on the table	payale us mez pr rakhiye
This is bread	yh roti hai	don’t go out	bahr mat jaiye
These are breads	ye rotiya(n) hai(n)	warm up the food	khana grm kijiye
These breads are hot	ye rotiya(n) grm hai(n)	clean that room	us kamre ko saf kijiye
what do you want ?	apko kya chahiye ?	bring a glass of water	ek glas pani laiye
what is your mame	apka shubh nam kya hai ?	cut the fruits	phal khatiye
what do you say ?	apne kya kahte hai(n) ?	please, help me	kripya, savikar kijiye
I don’t speak hindi	mai(n) hindi nhin bolta hu(n)	sit down	baith jaiye
I speak just a litte bit hindi	mai(n) sirf turi-turi hindi bolta hun	smoke a cigarette	cigarette pijiye
I don’t understand	mai(n) nhim samajta hu(n)	write this	yh likhiye
do you understand ?	samajhte hai(n) ?	hurry up	jail kijiye
do you know ?	jante hai(n) ?	please, explain	kripya, samajha dijiye
where is his house ?	uska ghr kahan hai ?	drive slow	dhire chalaiye
where is your house ?	apka ghr kahang hai ?	I must go	mujhe chlna chaiye
I ate bread	mai(n)ne roti khayi	take it away	yh le jaijiye
my daughter is in the house	meri beti ghar men hai	nothing more	ab kuch nhim
Ram lives in this house	Ram is ghr men rahta hai	bring me the bill	apna bil laiye
Sita teach in that school	Sita us skul men palrati hai	I want water	mujhko pani chahiye
who is that man ?	yh admi kaun hai ?	I don’t want …	mujhko … nhim chahiye
I want to drink tea	mai(n) chae pina chahta hun	what is his name ?	uska nam kya hai ?
He wants to come to my house	vh mere ghar ana chahta hai	What does he want ?	usko kya chahiye ?
how many ruppies do you have ?	apke pas kitne rupaye hai(n) ?	what do you want from me ?	mujhse apko kya chahiye ?
Is it near / far?	pas / dur hai ?	I want a book from you	mujhko apse ek ktab chakiye
this way / not this way	is raste se / is raste se nhin	what do you bring for me ?	ap mere liye kya late hai(n) ?
where do you come from ?	ap kahan se aye hai(n) ?	I bring flowers for you	mai(n) apke liye phul lata hun
I’m in a hurry	mai(n) jaldi me(n) hu(n)	I trust you	mujhko ap pr bhrosa hai
do you smoke ?	kya ap dumrpn krte ?	I bring food for him	mai(n) uske liye khana lata hun
it’s not my fault	yhmera dosh nhim hai	whose house is this ?	yh kiska ghar hai ?
I want to go to the market	mai(n) bazaar jana chahata hu(n)	how much flowers do you want ?	apko kitna ata chaiye
what did he say ?	usne kya kaha tha ?	I’ve lost my way	mai(n) rsta bhul gaya hu(n)
what did you say ?	apne kya kaha the ?	I have finished my meal	mai(n) kha chukka
I want one kilo of potatoes	mujhko ek kilo alu chahiye	I like to work in the garden	mujhko bag men kam krna acha lagata hai
I like to dance	mujhko nachana pasand hai	I want to hear your sing	mai(n) apka gana sunna chahti hun
I like Delhi	mujhko Dilli pasand hai	children want to play outside	bache bahr khelna chahte hai(n)
I feel cold	mujhko thand lagati hai	the food has become cold	khana thanda ho chuka
do you want a paquet of cigarettes	kya apko cigaret ka ek paiket chahiye?	When will he go ?	vh kb jayega ?
I’m going out	mai(n) bahr ja raha hu(n)	How long will he stay ?	vh kb tk rahega ?
where are you going	ap kahan ja rahe hai(n) ?	I’ll pay the bill	mai(n)bil chukka dunga
he began to sleep	vh bolne laga (idiomatic, p 94)	I’ll come tomorrow (m / f)	mai(n) kal aunga / main kal aungi
I’m feeling sleepy	mujhko ni(n)d lag rahi hai
I’m joking	mai(n) mzak kr rahe hu(n)

Infinitiv

Go !

Don’t go

ap mat ~iye

FEMININ