Unit 1 - Chemistry
- Basic Terms
- Chemistry - The Study of Matter and the changes it undergoes
- Matter - Anything that occupies space and has mass
- Substance - A Form of Matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties
- Compound - A substance composed of atoms of two or more elements
- Element - A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances
- Molecule - Two or more atoms; Held together by chemical/nuclear forces
- Atoms - The basic unit of an element; Be default has no charge
- Ions - Atoms with an unequal amount of protons and electrons; Has a Charge.
- Cations (+) - Ions with a Positive Charge; Get by Losing Electrons
- Anions (-) - Ions with a Negative Charge; Get by Gaining Electrons
- Isotopes - Atoms with an unequal amount of protons and neutrons
- Mixture - A Combination of two or more Substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities. | Note: A chemical formula is not a mixture because the two substances do not retain their distinct identities.
- Homogeneous Mixture - The composition of the mixture is the same throughout (homo = same)
- Heterogeneous Mixture - The composition of the mixture is NOT the same throughout
- Naming Compounds
- Ionic - For Binary compounds (a compound formed of two elements), the first element named is the metal cation(+), followed by the nonmetallic anion (-) with the "-ide" suffix.
- NaCl | Sodium Chloride | Sodium: metalic; Chloride: nonmetallic; | Sodium: +1; Chloride: -1;
- MgO | Magnesium Oxide | Magnesium: metalic; Oxygen: nonmetallic; | Magnesium: +2; Oxygen: -2;
- Molecular - Named just like Ionic execept the Greek Prefixes are used (mono, di, tri, etc.)
- Metric Converstions